Privatization refers to the transfer of ownership of public assets or services to private entities. It aims to reduce government involvement in commercial activities and increase efficiency through competition. Main methods of privatization include share issues, asset sales, and voucher programs. Contracting out production of services and franchising geographic areas are common sub-methods. Privatization can improve efficiency by incentivizing cost cutting and create competition, but it may also lead private entities to prioritize profits over community interests and concentrate services in large cities.

1. PRIVATIZATION
“Thetransfer of publicassets, operations or
activities to private enterprise”.

2. MEANING
• Privatization is the process of transferring
ownership of a business, enterprise, agency,
public service or public property from the
public sector to the private sector.
• The business that operates for a profit or non-
profit organization.

3. WHY PRIVATIZATION?
• To reduce government involvement in
commercially viable activities
• Increase efficiency in the delivery of programs and
services
• Provides competition in market place which
transfers the lower price and greater choice for
the consumers.

4. Variations in privatization
1. Private sector choice for the production of a
services
Entire responsibility transferred from public to private
2. Public sector choice financing with private
sector operations
joint activity of public & private
3. Deregulation of private firms
Govt. reduces or eliminates the regulatory imposed on
private.

5. Methods of privatization
Main methods:
• Share issue privatization
» selling shares on the stock market.
• Asset sale privatization
» selling entire organization to a strategic investor by
auction.
• Voucher privatization
» distributing ownership to all for free or at lower cost.

6. Sub methods:
• Contracting out:
» Production of service by private firm under a contract.
» Under this scenario, the private sector firm is paid
directly by the government
Example:
collection of disposal waste
Other things include security services, data processing
services

7. • Franchising:
» Government awarding a rights to perform services within
a specific geographic area to a private firm
» The private firm generates revenue by collecting user
fees
Example:
Cable television, gas etc..

8. • Open competition:
» many private firms are allowed to compete for customers
within a governmental jurisdiction.
» It is not appropriate for some services as it most likely
would not be efficient to have multiple suppliers of
electricity, gas, or water service.
Example:
It typically seen telephone and internet provider

9. Some of the examples of privatization
• Toll roads, bridges and airport:
A significant developments in public private
partnerships is the lease of toll roads, bridges, and
tunnels by state and local governments to private
contractors.
these kinds of deals have previously occurred in Europe
and Australia
Government could not do in 50 add years, privatization
did in just 4-5 years.
The result is we have a great highways and airports.

10. • Ports:
Mundra port in gujarat has bacame a highly eficient
and well managed major port in 10 years
When compared to the kandla in mumbai working as
port for more than 50 years.

11. Banking:
ICICI bank is the country’s largest private bank in
second place after the SBI
SBI existing in more than 100 years on the other hand,

12. Six industries which are not reserved for private sector
Cigarette
Atomic
energy
Indian
railways

13. Chemical
fertilizers
Arms and
ammunition
Hazardous
chemicals

14. Benefits of privatization
1. Improved efficiency
2. Lack of political interference
3. Short term view
4. Increased competition

15. Improved efficiency
• Private company have a profit incentives to
cut costs and be more efficient.
• government run industry, managers do not
usually share in any profits, however, a
private firm is interested in making profit and
so it is more likely to cut costs and be
efficient.
Example:
British airways

16. Lack of political interference
• Government companies can be motivated by
political pressures rather than sound
economic and business sense.
Example:
a state enterprise may employ surplus
workers which is inefficient.

17. Short term view
• A government many think only in terms of
next election.
• they may be unwilling to invest in
infrastructure improvements which will
benefit the firm in the long term because they
are more concerned about projects that give a
benefit before the election.

18. Increased competition
• policies to allow more firms to enter the
industry and increase the competitiveness of
the market.
• increase in competition that can be the
greatest spur to improvements in efficiency
• For example, there is now more competition
in telecoms and distribution of gas and
electricity.

19. Disadvantages of privatization
• Investment in industries of comfort and
luxurious products instead of necessary
products and problem of optimum use of
capacity

20. Disadvantages of privatization
• Aims at making profit which adversely
affect the interest of the community

21. Disadvantages of privatization
• The private companies don’t like to have their
branches in ruler cities.
• Their services remain confined to cities where
sufficient clients are available.
• Problem of unemployment

22. THANK YOU
BY
HARIPRIYA.D
MBA