The document summarizes the development of paradigms in public administration as described in a 1975 article by Nicholas Henry. It outlines five paradigms: (1) the politics/administration dichotomy from 1900-1926, (2) principles of administration from 1927-1937, (3) public administration as political science from 1950-1970, (4) public administration as administrative science from 1956-1970, and (5) public administration as public administration from 1970 to the present. The fifth and emerging paradigm focused on policy science, political economy, and the public policy-making process, leading to increased enrollments in public administration programs and the institutionalization of public administration as its own academic field.

1. Welcome to the
Presentation
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2. Paradigms of Public
Administration
 An article by Nichilas Henry, University of
Georgia (published in 1975)
Presented By
 AHM Masum Billah
 Zannatul Ferdous
 ASM Nazmul
Hasan
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3. The Author –
Nicholas Henry
Publisher  Published in Journal: Public
Administration Review, Vol:
35, No.: 04(Jul.-Aug., 1975),
pp.: 378-386
 Published by Wiley on behalf
of the American Society for
Public Administration
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4. Purpose of the Author
 To present the development of Public
Administration in the academia.
 To speculate of what the emerging paradigm
of public administration
 To justify the development public
administration as a separate field
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5. What is Public Administration
 It is both a profession and discipline.
 Difficult to define Public Administration.
 There are different opinions on what is public
administration and it covers a wide range of
task.
 Modern public administration comes from
American Public Administration.
 In simple, it may be defined as the planning,
organizing, directing, coordinating, and
controlling of government operation
operations.5

6. What is Paradigm
 Paradigm means a mental picture and pattern
of thought
 It is usually presented as a model or pattern to
explain how things work.
 It is accepted by an individual or a society i.e.
it has some followers .
 Thomas Kuhn (1922-96) in his 1962 book ‘
The Structure Of Scientific Revolution' to refer
to theoretical framework.
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7. Paradigms of Public
Administration
 As an academic field, Public Administration
developed as four overlapping paradigms.
 According to Robert T. Golembiewski, Each
paradigm can be understood in terms of locus or
focus.
 Locus means institutional `where` and focus is
specialized `what` of the field. When one has been
sharply defined, the other is relatively ignored.
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8. Paradigms …
 Paradigm-1: Politics/Administration dichotomy
(1900-1926)
 Paradigm-2: The Principles of Administration
(1927-1937)
 Paradigm-3: Public Administration as Political
Science (1950-1970)
 Paradigm-4: Public Administration as
Administrative Science (1956-1970)
 Paradigm-5: Public Administration as Public
Administration (1970- presence)
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9. Paradigm – 1 (1900 – 1926)
The Politics/Administration dichotomy.
 Proponents: Frank J. Goodnow and D. White
 Politics/ Administration Dichotomy
 Concentration: Locus
 PA is value-free science
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10. Paradigm – 2 (1927 to 1937)
The Principles of Administration.
 Proponents: F. W. Willoughby, Luther H. Gulick,
Lyndall Urwick
 Doctrine: Principle is principle and
administration is administration.
 Concentration: Focus.
 Public Administrationist were in high demand
for their knowledge and expertise.
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11. Paradigm – 3 (1950 to 1970)
Public Administration as political Science.
 Paul Appleby, Waldo and other contributed to it.
 Reestablishing the linkage between PA and
Political Science.
 Writings of PA explored the idea of focus
 Report of the committee on Political science of
America exclude PA from Political science
 Political science journals published less
articles on public administration.
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12. Paradigm – 4 (1956 to 1970)
Public Administration as Administrative Science.
 Included organization theory and management
Science.
 It provided a focus, not a locus.
 The concept of Public interest and Public Affair
was added.
 Didn’t give universal principles for organization
Created the public/private organization dilemma
 It failed to understand the supra-value of the
public interest.
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13. Paradigm – 5 (1970 to Present)
Public Administration as Public Administration.
 The Term `Public Affairs` became popularized.
 Concerned on
owhy and how organization work,
ohow and why people in them behave
ohow and why decisions are made
 Public administrationists became increasingly
concerned on areas of -
opolicy science, political economy,
opublic policy-making process and its
analysis,13

14. Institutionalizing Paradigm – 5
Toward Curricular Autonomy.
 Paradigmatic focus of organization theory and
management science
 Presence of Paradigmatic locus of the public
interest
 1970-1971 – Undergraduate enrollments in
public administration increased by 36 percent
 1971-1972 – Graduate enrollments went up
50 percent based on figures provided by
NASPAA (National Association of Schools of
Public Affairs and Administration)14

15. Institutionalizing …
 The percentage of separate schools of public
ad more than doubled from 12% in 1971 to
25% in 1972
 Separate departments of public administration
accounted for 23% of the 101 graduate
programs surveyed in 1971-73.
 In an 18-month period between 1970 and
1972, the number of units pertaining public
administration more than doubled to
approximately 300.
 It is time for public administration to come into
its own as substantial progress has been in15

16. Conclusion
 Author Discussed -
Four Broad Paradigms
One Emerging Paradigm
 The way of Public Administration `Come
into its own`
Institutionalization of Public Administration.
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17. for your Patience
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