Introduction to Privatization in India
Modes of Privatization
Modes of Privatization by Government
Advantages of Privatization
Disadvantages of Privatization
Examples
LJMC company after Privitization
Conclusion
Introduction to Privatization in India
Modes of Privatization
Modes of Privatization by Government
Advantages of Privatization
Disadvantages of Privatization
Examples
LJMC company after Privitization
Conclusion
Its about economics reforms that were introduced in 1991.
why such reforms were needed ?
what was situation at that time ?
what were the achievement and limitations of economic reforms ?
privatisation : "Though privatisation is important ,the role of public sector...Guru Aarat
this presentation is a critical evaluation of privatisation in the economy and the evaluation of the statement "Though privatisation is important ,the role of public sector cannot be ignored "
This presentation explains the conditions which led to the introduction of 1991 economic reforms of India, the key features of the reforms and the impact it created on Indian economy.
"Disinvestment Policy of India" presentation Nikhil Gupta
This Presentation will give a brief Idea about the "Disinvestment Policy of India". The presentation gives a brief idea about the Approaches, Objectives, Importance, Criticism, Challanges of the Disinvestment Policy. It will give a brief idea about the amount received by Disinvestment in India. The presentation covers the Union Budget of India 2017.
"Disinvestment policy of india" Project workNikhil Gupta
This Project report will give an Idea about the "Disinvestment Policy of India". The project work gives an idea about the Approaches, Objectives, Importance, Criticism, Challanges of the Disinvestment Policy. It will give an idea about the amount received by Disinvestment in India. The project report covers the Union Budget of India 2017.
Its about economics reforms that were introduced in 1991.
why such reforms were needed ?
what was situation at that time ?
what were the achievement and limitations of economic reforms ?
privatisation : "Though privatisation is important ,the role of public sector...Guru Aarat
this presentation is a critical evaluation of privatisation in the economy and the evaluation of the statement "Though privatisation is important ,the role of public sector cannot be ignored "
This presentation explains the conditions which led to the introduction of 1991 economic reforms of India, the key features of the reforms and the impact it created on Indian economy.
"Disinvestment Policy of India" presentation Nikhil Gupta
This Presentation will give a brief Idea about the "Disinvestment Policy of India". The presentation gives a brief idea about the Approaches, Objectives, Importance, Criticism, Challanges of the Disinvestment Policy. It will give a brief idea about the amount received by Disinvestment in India. The presentation covers the Union Budget of India 2017.
"Disinvestment policy of india" Project workNikhil Gupta
This Project report will give an Idea about the "Disinvestment Policy of India". The project work gives an idea about the Approaches, Objectives, Importance, Criticism, Challanges of the Disinvestment Policy. It will give an idea about the amount received by Disinvestment in India. The project report covers the Union Budget of India 2017.
Teaching is a complex process requiring various methods and techniques in order to achieve its objectives Strategies can be referred to as steps taken to achieve goals. So, in order to achieve teaching goals and objectives various teaching methods and strategies are employed such as lecture method, tutorial method etc.
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) bacteria. Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but can also affect other parts of the body. Most infections show no symptoms, in which case it is known as latent tuberculosis.
TB is spread from person to person through the air. When people with lung TB cough, sneeze or spit, they propel the TB germs into the air. A person needs to inhale only a few of these germs to become infected.
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Business Cycle is part and parcel of any economic system. Any business or economy goes through a periodic cycle of highs and lows depending on the various endogenous or exogenous variables over a period of time which is inevitable and uncertain.
Impact of climatic change on agricultureShashi Singh
Climate change and agriculture are interrelated processes, both of which take place on a global scale. Climate change affects agriculture in a number of ways, including through changes in average temperatures, rainfall, and climate extremes (e.g., heat waves); changes in pests and diseases; changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide and ground-level ozone concentrations; changes in the nutritional quality of some foods; and changes in sea level.
The main premise of economic problem is that human needs and wants are unlimited but resources are limited in nature. Thus, scarcity of resources which means that in order to produce one good, you have to sacrifice other good.
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In a world of globalization and competition, people are finding themselves in a state of stress which is damaging their healthy lifestyles. So, in order to get rid of stress we need to focus on stress management.
Today it is very difficult to survive in the competitive world where people are struggling hard to achieve their desired goals. So, in order to get what you want then you have to learn about personality development. It is tool through which one can lead a successful life. It is about grooming your overall personality which will lead you to the path of success.
Policy Issue in Technology and Future ProspectsShashi Singh
The role played by technology is inevitable. It has revolutionised the whole world. In India, more than half of the expenditure on R&D is incurred by government. So, government policy of S&T plays a vital role in development of Science and Technology.
Recently, IMF said that India will grew at 7.5% overtaking China as the fastest growing economy in 2015-16 due to recent policy initiatives made by government of India.But the prospects could change depending on the implementation of the reforms of the new Modi government.
Indus Valley civilization also know as harappan civilization was one of the oldest urban civilization of the world, which flourished in the fertile plains of Indus river and its tributaries.
how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins on Bitmart crypto exchangeDOT TECH
Yes. Pi network coins can be exchanged but not on bitmart exchange. Because pi network is still in the enclosed mainnet. The only way pioneers are able to trade pi coins is by reselling the pi coins to pi verified merchants.
A verified merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell it to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
how can i use my minded pi coins I need some funds.DOT TECH
If you are interested in selling your pi coins, i have a verified pi merchant, who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
Because the core team has announced that pi network will not be doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges like huobi, bitmart and hotbit can get pi is by buying from miners.
Now a merchant stands in between these exchanges and the miners. As a link to make transactions smooth. Because right now in the enclosed mainnet you can't sell pi coins your self. You need the help of a merchant,
i will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant below. 👇 I and my friends has traded more than 3000pi coins with him successfully.
@Pi_vendor_247
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank Introduce New Co-Branded Credit Cardnickysharmasucks
The unveiling of the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card marks a notable milestone in the Indian financial landscape, showcasing a successful partnership between two leading institutions, Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank. This co-branded credit card not only offers users a plethora of benefits but also reflects a commitment to innovation and adaptation. With a focus on providing value-driven and customer-centric solutions, this launch represents more than just a new product—it signifies a step towards redefining the banking experience for millions. Promising convenience, rewards, and a touch of luxury in everyday financial transactions, this collaboration aims to cater to the evolving needs of customers and set new standards in the industry.
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
How to get verified on Coinbase Account?_.docxBuy bitget
t's important to note that buying verified Coinbase accounts is not recommended and may violate Coinbase's terms of service. Instead of searching to "buy verified Coinbase accounts," follow the proper steps to verify your own account to ensure compliance and security.
US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the contact information for my personal pi vendor.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
The Evolution of Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) in India: Challenges...beulahfernandes8
Role in Financial System
NBFCs are critical in bridging the financial inclusion gap.
They provide specialized financial services that cater to segments often neglected by traditional banks.
Economic Impact
NBFCs contribute significantly to India's GDP.
They support sectors like micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), housing finance, and personal loans.
Even tho Pi network is not listed on any exchange yet.
Buying/Selling or investing in pi network coins is highly possible through the help of vendors. You can buy from vendors[ buy directly from the pi network miners and resell it]. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
If you are looking for a pi coin investor. Then look no further because I have the right one he is a pi vendor (he buy and resell to whales in China). I met him on a crypto conference and ever since I and my friends have sold more than 10k pi coins to him And he bought all and still want more. I will drop his telegram handle below just send him a message.
@Pi_vendor_247
2. MEANING
In simple term, it means to change from public to private ownership
or control or transfer of assets and service functions from public to
private hands.
“It is a process that reduces the involvement of the state or the public
sector in the nation’s economic activities”.
(Prof. D.R. Pendse)
3. OBJECTIVES
To enhance the efficiency of PSU’s
To curtail the revenue deficits
To strengthen industrial development of economy
To help raise competition and make optimum use of resources
To help reduce economic burden of government
To improve public finances
To fund infrastructure growth
To make more disciplined labour force
To help make them more accountable to shareholders
4. ADVANTAGES
It can provide necessary push to underperforming PSUs.
It brings out fundamental structural changes providing momentum
in the competitive sectors.
It leads to implementation of global best practices along with
management and motivation of best human talent.
It helps in escalating the performance benchmark of the industry in
general.
It provide better and quick services to the clients.
It help in improving overall infrastructure of the country.
5. DISADVANTAGES
It mainly focuses more on profit maximization and less on social objectives.
There is a lack of clearness in private sector and stakeholders as do not get
the complete information about the functionality.
It intensifies price inflation in general as they do not get government
subsidies.
There can be conflict of interest among stakeholders and the management of
the buyer private company.
Initial resistance to change can impede the performance of the enterprise.
Privatization loses the mission with which the enterprise was established.
It has provided the unnecessary support to the corruption and unlawful ways
of accomplishments of licenses and business deals amongst the government
and private bidders.
7. Delegation: Government keeps hold of responsibility and
private enterprise handles fully or partly the delivery of
product and services.
Divestment: Government surrenders the responsibility.
Displacement: The private enterprise expands and
gradually displaces the government entity.
9. Initial Public Offering-
Under this method, the
shares of public sector
undertakings (PSUs) are
sold to the retail
investors and
institutions. The
government may, in
some cases, sell shares
of a PSU in international
market also.
Strategic sale- In this
method, the government
sells its share in the PSU
to a strategic partner.
As a result, the
management passes
over to the buyer.
Sale to Foreigner- This
is a variant of the
strategic sales method
where the buyer is not a
domestic company but a
foreign company. In
small countries, the
amount of domestic
private capital is often
limited. Therefore the
government sells its
stakes to a foreign
company.
Management-
Employment Buyout- In
this route to
privatisation,
managements and
employees themselves
buy major stakes in
their firms. This method
has been; widely used in
Croatia, Poland,
Romania, and Slovenia.
11. DEREGULATION
The process of deregulation was initiated in the mid-1970’s as a follow up
of the recommendations of a series of committees .
In 1985 and 1986 major relaxations were allowed through broad banding,
partial delicensing, re-endorsement of capacities, enlargement of the list of
industries open for MRTPA/FERA companies, exempting MRTPA companies
from the obligation of seeking approval under the MRTP Act.
The statement on IPR, 1991and other measures announced during the year
marked acceleration of the trends towards deregulation and an enlarged
scope for large private Indian and foreign capital.
IPS 1991 virtually abandoned the industrial licensing system under the IDRA,
removed restrictions on large industrial houses under the MRTP Act and
dispensed with the general ceiling of 40 per cent on foreign equity under
FERA.
12. DERESERVATION
IPS 1991 announced a number of important steps with regard to the
public sector.
The areas reserved for the public sector under Schedule A to the
Industrial Policy Resolution, 1956 were reduced, initially from
seventeen to eight, and later to four.
Schedule B in which public sector was to play the lead role was
entirely dispensed with to enable greater private sector participation
and to provide competition to the PSEs.
Following the dereservation of public sector reserved areas, a number
of local and foreign companies received approvals for entry into the
energy and telecommunication sectors.
13. DISINVESTMENT
Divestment of government-held equity to:
• strategic/joint venture partners through open bidding or negotiated settlement;
• financial institutions (foreign, public sector and mutual funds); or
• general public;
Promotion of joint ventures for further expansion or through transfer of
certain existing units/operations;
Entering into management contracts with private professional groups or
entrepreneurs;
Nomination of private individuals on Board of Directors of PSEs even
when their equity is insignificant; and/or
Contractualization of operations.
Editor's Notes
The Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Act, (MRTPA) was enacted in 1969. The Foreign Exchange Regulation Act, 1973 (FERA) sought to limit the level of foreign equity in Indian companies at 40 per cent. Industries Development & Regulation Act, 1951 (IDRA),