Here is a draft clause to address the issue of bogus Khadi units operating in India and claiming rebates from the Government of India under the existing Industrial Policy of India:
To promote authentic Khadi production and curb the operation of bogus Khadi units, the following measures shall be introduced:
1. The Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) will establish strict criteria for Khadi production units to be recognized as authentic producers eligible for Government rebates and incentives. These may include parameters around raw material sourcing, production processes, record keeping, etc.
2. All existing and new Khadi production units must register with KVIC and satisfy the recognition criteria to be able to claim any
Its about economics reforms that were introduced in 1991.
why such reforms were needed ?
what was situation at that time ?
what were the achievement and limitations of economic reforms ?
new industrial policy 1991 is about the changes made in the policy in 1991. this policy is devided into two parts 1 is announced on 24 july 1991 which is concernd with the large scale industres including the middle scale and the second part is announced on 6 august 1991 and concerned with small scale sector............
Its about economics reforms that were introduced in 1991.
why such reforms were needed ?
what was situation at that time ?
what were the achievement and limitations of economic reforms ?
new industrial policy 1991 is about the changes made in the policy in 1991. this policy is devided into two parts 1 is announced on 24 july 1991 which is concernd with the large scale industres including the middle scale and the second part is announced on 6 august 1991 and concerned with small scale sector............
Liberalization is a very broad term that usually refers to fewer government regulations and restrictions in the economy.
Privatization means transfer of ownership and/or management of an enterprise from the public sector to the private sector .It also means the withdrawal of the state from an industry or sector partially or fully.
Globalization implies integration of the economy of the country with the rest of the world economy and opening up of the economy for foreign direct investment by liberalizing the rules and regulations and by creating favorable socio-economic and political climate for global business.
The presentations describes the 1991 Liberalization Privatization Globalization(LPG) model of Indian economy. Following are the topics discussed in the ppt:
Reasons for implementing LPG
Definitions
Advantages
Disadvantages
Disinvestment Commission
Successful privatizations in India
FDI
MNCs
Effects
Industrial Policy Resolution of 1948
Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956
Industrial Policy Resolution of 1973
Industrial Policy Resolution of 1977
Industrial Policy Resolution of 1980
The New Industrial Policy of 1991
This presentation explains the conditions which led to the introduction of 1991 economic reforms of India, the key features of the reforms and the impact it created on Indian economy.
Introduction
The industrial policy means the procedures, principles, policies rules and regulations which control the industrial undertaking of the country and pattern of industrialization. It explains the approach of Government in context to the development of industrial sector. In India the key objective of the economic policy is to achieve self-reliance in all sectors of the economy and to develop socialistic pattern of society. The industrial policy in the pre-reform period i.e. before1991 put greater emphasis on the state intervention in the field of industrial development. These policies no doubt have resulted into the creation of diversified industrial structure but caused a number of inefficiencies, distortions and rigidities in the system. Thus during late 70’s and 80’s, Government initiated liberalization measures in the industrial policy framework. The drastic liberalization measures were however, carried out in 1991.
Industrial Policies Prior to 1991
Industrial Policy Resolution, 1948
The first important industrial policy statement was made in the Industrial policy Resolution (IPR), 1948. The main thrust of IPR, 1948 was to lay down the foundation of mixed economy whereby the private and public sector was accepted as important components in the development of industrial economy of India. The policy divided the industries into four broad categories:
(i) Industries with Exclusive State Monopoly: It included industries engaged in the activity of atomic energy, railways and arms and ammunition.
(ii) Industries with Government Control: It included the industries of national importance and so needs to be registered. 18 such industries were put under this category eg. fertilizers, heavy chemical, heavy machinery etc.
(iii) Industries in the Mixed Sector: It included the industries where private and public sector were allowed to operate. Government was allowed to review the situation to acquire any existing private undertaking.
(iv)Industries under Private Sector: Industries not covered by above categories fell in this category.
IPR, 1948 gave public sector vast area to operate. Government took the role of catalytic agent of industrial development. The resolution assigned complementary role to small-scale and cottage industries. The foreign capital which was seen with suspect in the pre-independent era was recognized as an important tool to speedup up industrial development
Liberalization is a very broad term that usually refers to fewer government regulations and restrictions in the economy.
Privatization means transfer of ownership and/or management of an enterprise from the public sector to the private sector .It also means the withdrawal of the state from an industry or sector partially or fully.
Globalization implies integration of the economy of the country with the rest of the world economy and opening up of the economy for foreign direct investment by liberalizing the rules and regulations and by creating favorable socio-economic and political climate for global business.
The presentations describes the 1991 Liberalization Privatization Globalization(LPG) model of Indian economy. Following are the topics discussed in the ppt:
Reasons for implementing LPG
Definitions
Advantages
Disadvantages
Disinvestment Commission
Successful privatizations in India
FDI
MNCs
Effects
Industrial Policy Resolution of 1948
Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956
Industrial Policy Resolution of 1973
Industrial Policy Resolution of 1977
Industrial Policy Resolution of 1980
The New Industrial Policy of 1991
This presentation explains the conditions which led to the introduction of 1991 economic reforms of India, the key features of the reforms and the impact it created on Indian economy.
Introduction
The industrial policy means the procedures, principles, policies rules and regulations which control the industrial undertaking of the country and pattern of industrialization. It explains the approach of Government in context to the development of industrial sector. In India the key objective of the economic policy is to achieve self-reliance in all sectors of the economy and to develop socialistic pattern of society. The industrial policy in the pre-reform period i.e. before1991 put greater emphasis on the state intervention in the field of industrial development. These policies no doubt have resulted into the creation of diversified industrial structure but caused a number of inefficiencies, distortions and rigidities in the system. Thus during late 70’s and 80’s, Government initiated liberalization measures in the industrial policy framework. The drastic liberalization measures were however, carried out in 1991.
Industrial Policies Prior to 1991
Industrial Policy Resolution, 1948
The first important industrial policy statement was made in the Industrial policy Resolution (IPR), 1948. The main thrust of IPR, 1948 was to lay down the foundation of mixed economy whereby the private and public sector was accepted as important components in the development of industrial economy of India. The policy divided the industries into four broad categories:
(i) Industries with Exclusive State Monopoly: It included industries engaged in the activity of atomic energy, railways and arms and ammunition.
(ii) Industries with Government Control: It included the industries of national importance and so needs to be registered. 18 such industries were put under this category eg. fertilizers, heavy chemical, heavy machinery etc.
(iii) Industries in the Mixed Sector: It included the industries where private and public sector were allowed to operate. Government was allowed to review the situation to acquire any existing private undertaking.
(iv)Industries under Private Sector: Industries not covered by above categories fell in this category.
IPR, 1948 gave public sector vast area to operate. Government took the role of catalytic agent of industrial development. The resolution assigned complementary role to small-scale and cottage industries. The foreign capital which was seen with suspect in the pre-independent era was recognized as an important tool to speedup up industrial development
AI and Machine Learning Demystified by Carol Smith at Midwest UX 2017Carol Smith
What is machine learning? Is UX relevant in the age of artificial intelligence (AI)? How can I take advantage of cognitive computing? Get answers to these questions and learn about the implications for your work in this session. Carol will help you understand at a basic level how these systems are built and what is required to get insights from them. Carol will present examples of how machine learning is already being used and explore the ethical challenges inherent in creating AI. You will walk away with an awareness of the weaknesses of AI and the knowledge of how these systems work.
Industrial policy is a document that sets the tone in implementing, promoting the regulatory roles of the government. It was an effort to expand the industrialization and uplift the economy to its deserved heights. It signified the involvement of the Indian government in the development of the industrial sector.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
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See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
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👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
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Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
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DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
2. Industrial policy resolution of 1948
Industrial policy resolution of 1956
Industrial policy resolution of 1973
Industrial policy resolution of 1977
Industrial policy resolution of 1980
Industrial Policy resolutions
NEW EONOMIC POLICY 1991
3. •Important distinction was made-
Industries to be kept under :
-public sector,
-private sector and the
-joint sector.
•Industrial Department and Regulation Act (IDR
Act) was enacted in 1951.
Industrial policy resolution of 1948
4. Objective of IDR 1951
Empowering the Government to take
necessary steps to regulate the pattern of
industrial development through licensing.
• This paved the way for the Industrial Policy Resolution of
1956, which was the first comprehensive statement on the
strategy for industrial development in India.
5. •Shaped by the Mahalanobis Model of growth, which suggested
that emphasis on heavy industries would lead the economy towards
a long term higher growth path.
The Industrial Policy Resolution - 1956 classified industries into
three categories :
Industrial Policy Resolution - 1956
17 industries :
exclusively under the domain of the Government. These
included inter alia, railways, air transport, arms and ammunition, iron and steel and
atomic energy.
12 industries
which were envisaged to be progressively State
owned but private sector was expected to supplement the efforts of the State.
The third category contained all the remaining industries and it was expected
that private sector would initiate development of these industries but they
would remain open for the State as well.
6. Objectives
• To accelerate economic growth and boost
the process of industrialization as a means to
achieving a socialistic pattern of society.
• Removal of regional disparities through
development of regions with low industrial
base.
7. Improving living standards and working conditions for the mass of the
people.
To reduce disparities in income and wealth.
To prevent private monopolies and concentration of economic power
in different fields in the hands of small numbers of individuals
The State will progressively assume a predominant and direct
responsibility for setting up new industrial undertakings and for
developing transport facilities.
At the same time private sector will have the opportunity to develop
and expand.
The adoption of the socialist pattern of society as the national
objective.
8. It provided for a closer interaction between the agricultural and
industrial sectors. Accorded the highest priority to the generation and
transmission of power.
An exhaustive analysis of industrial products was made to identify
products which are capable of being produced in the small scale sector.
The list of industries exclusively reserved for the small scale sector was
expanded from 180 items to more than 500 items.
Within the small scale sector, a tiny sector was also defined with
investment in machinery and equipment upto Rs.1 lakh and situated in
towns with a population of less than 50,000 according to1971 census
figures, and in villages.
Special legislation to protect cottage and household industries was also
proposed to be introduced.
INDUSTRIAL POLICY RESOLUTION, 1973
9. The Government would promote the development of a system of linkages
between nucleus large plants and the satellite ancillaries
To boost the development of small scale industries, the investment limit in the
case of tiny units was enhanced to Rs.2 lakh, of a small scale units to Rs.20 lakh
and of ancillaries to Rs.25lakh.
A scheme for building buffer stocks of essential raw materials for the Small Scale
Industries was introduced for operation through the Small Industries
Development Corporations in the States and the National Small Industries
Corporation in the Centre.
Industrial processes and technologies aimed at optimum utilisation of
energy or the exploitation of alternative sources of energy would be
given special assistance, including finance on concessional terms.
INDUSTRIAL POLICY RESOLUTION, 1977
10. Correction of regional imbalances;
Maximum production and achieving higher
productivity; Higher employment generation;
Strengthening of the agricultural base through agro
based industries;
Promotion of export-oriented industries;
Promotion of economic federalism through equitable
spread of investment and dispersal of returns;
Consumer protection against high prices and bad
quality.
INDUSTRIAL POLICY RESOLUTION 1980
12. The spread of industrialization to backward areas of
the country will be actively promoted
through appropriate incentives, institutions and
infrastructure investments.
Foreign investment and technology collaboration will be
welcomed to obtain higher
technology, to increase exports and to expand the
production base.
Abolish monopoly
Workers’ participation in management will be
promoted
13. INDUSTRIAL POLICY 1991
ISSUES
Government recognizes the need for
• social and economic justice, to end poverty and
unemployment and to build a modern, democratic, socialist,
prosperous and forward-looking India
• India to grow as part of the world economy and not in
isolation
Enhanced support to the small-scale sector so that it flourishes
in an environment of economic efficiency and continuous
technological up gradation
Emphasis on building our ability to pay for imports through
our own foreign exchange earnings
14. INDUSTRIAL POLICY 1991
OBJECTIVES
In pursuit of the above objectives,
Government have decided to take a series
of initiatives in respect of the policies
relating to the following areas:
A. Industrial Licensing.
B. Foreign Investment.
C. Foreign Technology Agreements.
D. Public Sector Policy.
E. MRTPAct.
15. A.Industrial Licensing:
Industrial licensing abolished for all projects except a short list
of 18 industries related to security and strategic concerns, social
reasons, hazardous chemicals etc. (Annex II)
Areas where security & strategic concerns predominate,
reserved for public sector. (Annex I)
In projects where imported capital goods are required,
automatic clearance given.
In locations other than cities of more than 1 million population,
no requirement of obtaining industrial approvals from Central
Government.
Incentives & investments in infrastructural development, to
promote dispersal to rural and backward areas.
Existing units enabled to produce any article without additional
investment.
16. INDUSTRIAL POLICY 1991
B. Foreign Investment:
Approval upto 51 percent foreign equity in high
priority industries.(Annex-III)
Imports governed by general policy applicable to
other domestic units, payment of dividents
monitored by RBI to ensure that outflows on
account of dividents are balanced by export
earnings.
Other foreign equity proposals, not covered
above, need prior clearance.
A special Empowered Board- to negotiate with a
number of large international firms & get FDIs
approved.
17. INDUSTRIAL POLICY
1991C. Foreign Technology Agreements:
Automatic permissions for foreign technology
agreements in high priority industries
(Annex-III) upto a lumpsum payment of Rs.
1 crore.
For industries other than those in Annex
III, automatic permissions if no foreign
exchange is required for payment
All other proposals need specific approval
No permission for foreign
technicians, foreign testing of indigenously
developed technologies.
18. INDUSTRIAL POLICY 1991
D. Public Sector Policy:
Portfolio of public sector investments reviewed with a
view to focus public sector on strategic, high tech &
essential infrastructure.
Chronically sick public enterprises, referred to Board
of Industrial & Financial Reconstruction (BIFR).
A part of government’s shareholding in public sector
offered to mutual funds, financial institutions, public
& workers.
Boards of public sector companies- more professional
& powerful.
MOU system- managements would be granted greater
autonomy & held accountable.
19. INDUSTRIAL POLICY
1991
E. MRTP Act: (Monopolistic Restrictive Trade Practices):
Removal of threshold limits of assets in respect of
MRTP Companies & dominant undertakings.
Elimination of need of prior approval of Central
Government for establishment, expanding, merger,
amalgamation & takeover.
Emphasis on controlling & regulating monopolistic,
restrictive & unfair trade practices.
Enabling the MRTP Commission to exercise punitive &
compensatory powers.
23. EIGHTH FIVE YEAR PLAN (1992-97)
Expectation- 7.5 per cent
Annually achieved growth rate for
industries:
1992-93 : 4.2 percent
1993-94 : 6.8 percent
1994-95 : 9.4 percent
1995-96 : 12.3 percent
1996-97 : 7.7 percent
Average Annual Growth Rate- 8.1 percent
24. NINTH FIVE YEAR PLAN (1997-2002)
Industrial growth target: 3% p.a.
Achieved: 4.5% p.a.
In 1997-98 and 1998-99, industries reported a
growth of 3.8 percent.
Such slow down was due to a number of structural
and cyclical factors.
25. TENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN (2002-07)
Two major reforms that took place from the year
2002 were:
1)1. RISE IN INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION :
Removal of quantitative restrictions on imports.
2)DECLINE IN ROLE OF PUBLIC SECTOR :
Disinvestment process converted many of the
existing public sector enterprises into non-
governmental enterprises.
28. ELEVENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN (2007-12)
Fluctuating trends
2007-08: 15.5 percent
Started declining owing to global economic meltdown
2008-09 : 2.5 percent
2009-10 : 5.3 percent
2010-11 : 8.2 percent
2011-12 : 3.8 percent
29.
30.
31. TWELVTH FIVE YEAR PLAN (2012-17)
CHALLENGES FACING :
A.Dumping in Indian markets
B.Indian Industry needs to be cost effective along with
delivering value.
C.Ensuring that investments made in infrastructure
projects fructify quickly.
D.Growth of labour intensive industries.
32. • Khadi, which symbolized self-reliance and emancipation during the freedom
struggle in India, has lost its sheen over the years.
• In 1957, the Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) was established
to take over the work of the board. KVIC was formed as a nodal agency to
promote Khadi all over India through its exclusive outlets known as Khadi
Bhandars. There were many bogus Khadi units operating in the country, which
made it extremely difficult to claim rebates from the Government of India for
the sale of Khadi.
• You are the Home Minister of INDIA. Prepare a clause in the existing
Industrial Policy of India to deal with the above stated problem.
ACTIVITY : POLICY DILEMMA