This document discusses principles of management and human factors related to motivation. It covers several theories of motivation including Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Herzberg's two-factor theory, expectancy theory, equity theory, and goal setting theory. It also discusses leadership styles, situational leadership approaches, and effective communication in organizations. Barriers to communication are identified along with tips for improving listening, written, and oral communication.
Behavioral theories assert that people can learn how to become leaders through teaching and observation. As a reaction to the trait theories, the behavioral theories looks not at the traits and abilities of leaders, but their behavior.
This presentation covers the chapter of Staffing from the Principles of Management. It tackles the Definition, Nature, Importance and the Need for Staffing. It also covers the Kinds of Staffing and its Process.
In the 20th century HR is no more a departmental function. It is a core process determining the viability of your strategies. Strategies fail if they are not supported by the appropriate Human resource. Learn & Understand How.!
Behavioral theories assert that people can learn how to become leaders through teaching and observation. As a reaction to the trait theories, the behavioral theories looks not at the traits and abilities of leaders, but their behavior.
This presentation covers the chapter of Staffing from the Principles of Management. It tackles the Definition, Nature, Importance and the Need for Staffing. It also covers the Kinds of Staffing and its Process.
In the 20th century HR is no more a departmental function. It is a core process determining the viability of your strategies. Strategies fail if they are not supported by the appropriate Human resource. Learn & Understand How.!
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
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Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
2. Human Factors and Motivation
• Leading: The process of influencing people so that they will contribute to
organizational and group goals
• Managing requires the creation and maintenance of an environment in
which individuals work together toward the accomplishment of common
objectives
• Human Factors in Managing
Multiplicity of roles
No Average Person
The Importance of personal Dignity: The concept of individual dignity
people must be treated with respect, no matter what their position in the
organization
3. Human Factors and Motivation
Consideration of the whole person
Motivation: A general term applying to the entire class of drives,
desires, needs, wishes and similar forces
4. An Early Behavioural Model:
MCGREGOR’s Theory X and Theory Y
• McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y:Two sets of assumptions about
the nature of people
• Theory X Assumptions
• Theory Y Assumptions
• Clarification of the theories
5. Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs theory
• Maslow’s needs theory: when one set of needs is satisfied, this kind of
need ceases to be a motivator
• The Needs Hierarchy:
Physiological needs
Security or safety, needs
Affiliation , or acceptance, needs
Esteem needs
Need for self-actualization
Questioning the needs hierarchy
6.
7. ALDERFER’s ERG Theory
• People are motivated by existence needs, relatedness needs, and
growth needs.
• HERZBERG’S MOTIVATION-HYGIENE THEORY
• Dissatisfiers, also called maintenance, hygiene or job-context factors
are not motivators while satisfiers are motivators and are related to job
content
8.
9. The Expectancy Theory of Motivation
• Vroom’s expectancy theory :People will be motivated to do things to
reach a goal if they believe in the worth of that goal and if they can
see that what they do will help them in achieving it.
• The Vroom theory and practice
• The porter and Lawler motivational model
• Implications for practice
10.
11. Equity Theory
• Motivation is influenced by an individual’s subjective judgement
about the fairness of the reward he or she gets relative to the inputs,
compared with the rewards of others.
• The Essential aspects of the theory may be expressed as follows:
Outcomes by a person = Outcomes by another person
Inputs by a person Inputs by another person
12.
13. Goal Setting Theory of Motivation
• For objectives to be meaningful, they must be clear, attainable, and
verifiable.
14. Skinner’s Reinforcement Theory
• Positive Reinforcement or behaviour modification: Individuals can be
motivated by proper design of their work environment and by praise for
their performance , while punishment for poor performance produces
negative results.
McCLELLAND’S NEEDS THEORY OF MOTIVATION
• The basic motivating needs are the need for power, the need for affiliation
and the need for achievement
• Need for power
• Need for Affiliation
• Need for Achievement
• How McClelland’s Approach applies to managers
15. Special Motivational Techniques
• Money: Money is often more than monetary value it can also mean status or
power or other things
• Other Rewards considerations:
• Intrinsic rewards: may include a feeling of accomplishment and self-
actualization
• Extrinsic rewards: include benefits, recognition, status symbols and money
• Pay may be based on individual ,group, and organizational performance.
• Participation
• Quality of working life
16. Job Enrichment
• Job enlargement: Enlarging the scope of the job by adding similar
tasks without enhancing responsibility
• Job enrichment: Building into jobs a higher sense of challenge and
achievement
• Limitation of job enrichment
• Making job enrichment effective
• A systems and contingency approach to motivation: Motivation
must be considered from a systems and contingency point of view
17. Leadership
Leadership and motivation are closely interconnected
• Defining Leadership
The art or process of influencing people so that they will strive
willingly and enthusiastically toward the achievement of group goals
• Ingredients of leadership: power a fundamental understanding of
people; the ability to inspire followers to apply their full capabilities ;
the leader’s style and the development of a conductive organizational
climate
18. Leadership
• Principle of leadership
Since people tend to follow those who offer them a means of
satisfying their personal goals , the more managers understand what
motivates their subordinates and the more they reflect this
understanding in their actions, the more effective they are likely to be
as leaders
• Trait approaches to leadership
• Charismatic leadership approach
19. Leadership behaviour and styles
• Styles based on use of authority
The autocratic leader: commands and expects compliance is dogmatic
and positive and leads by the ability to withhold or give rewards and
punishment
The democratic or participative leader consults with subordinates and
encourages their participation
The free-rein leader uses power very little, if at all , giving
subordinates a high degree of independence
20.
21. Leadership behaviour and styles
• Do women lead differently
• The managerial grid : the grid has two dimensions-concern for people
and concern for production
• The four extreme styles
• Leadership as a continuum concept: Leadership involves a variety of
styles, ranging from one that is highly boss cantered to one that is
highly subordinates cantered
• The appropriate leadership style depends on the leader,the followers
and the situation
22.
23.
24. Situational or contingency approaches to
leadership
• Fiedler’s contingency approach to leadership: people become leaders not
only because of their personality attributes but also because of various
situational factors and the interactions between leaders and group members.
• Critical dimensions of the leadership situation: position power , task
structure , leader-member relations
• Leadership styles
• Fiedler’s research and management
• The path-Goal approach to leadership effectiveness: the main function of
the leader is to clarify and set goals with subordinates ,help them find the
best path for achieving the goals and remove obstacles.
25. Situational or contingency approaches to
leadership
• The theory categorizes leader behaviour into four groups:
• Supportive leadership
• Participative leadership
• Instrumental leadership
• Achievement-oriented leadership
26. Transactional and transformational
leadership
• Transactional leaders: Identify what needs to be done to achieve goals,
including clarifying roles and tasks ,rewarding performance and
providing for the social needs of followers
• Articulate a vision, inspire and motivate followers and create a climate
favourable for organizational change
27.
28.
29. Communication
• Communication-The transfer of information from a sender to a receiver, with the information being
understood by the receiver
• The purpose of communication:
• The communication process
Sender of the message
Use of a channel to transmit the message
Receiver of the message
Noise hindering communication: Anything-whether in the sender, the transmission or the receiver
that hinders communication
Feedback in communication
Situational and organizational factors in communication: The communication process is affected by
many situational and organizational factors
The communication model provides an overview of the communication process, identifies the
critical variables and show their relationships
30.
31.
32. Communication in the organization
• The manager’s need to know
• Communication flow in the organization
• Downward communication: It flows from people at higher levels to
those at lower levels in the organizational hierarchy
• Upward communication: It travels from subordinates to superiors and
continues up the organizational hierarchy
• Ombudsperson: A person assigned to investigate employee concerns,
thus providing a valuable upward communication link
33. Communication in the organization
• Crosswise communication: Horizontal flow and Diagonal Flow
• Information is among people on the same or similar organizational
levels-Horizontal flow
• Information is among persons at different levels who have no direct
reporting relationships with one another.
• Written, oral and nonverbal communication: it includes facial
expressions and body gestures
• Written communication
• Oral communication
• Communication methods
34.
35. Barriers and Breakdowns in
communication
• Lack of planning
• Unclarified assumptions
• Semantic distortion
• Poorly expressed messages
• Communication barriers in the international environment
• Loss by transmission and poor retention
• Poor listening and premature evaluation
• Impersonal communication
• Distrust ,threat and fear
• Insufficient period for adjustment to change
• Information overload
• Other communication barriers
36. Toward Effective Communication
• Listening: A key to understanding-Listening is a skill that can be
developed through appropriate techniques.
• Tips for improving written communication
• Tips for improving oral communication
37. Electronic media in communication
• Telecommunication
• Teleconference: A group of people interacting with each other by
means of audio and video media with moving or still pictures
• The use of computers for information handling and networking:
Instant messaging shows whether a friend or colleague is connected to
the internet; if connected , messages can be exchanged instantly.