Primary hyperparathyroidism is caused by overproduction of parathyroid hormone by the parathyroid glands, located behind the thyroid gland. This excess hormone causes too much calcium in the blood, leading to symptoms like frequent urination, stomach problems, and fatigue. The condition is usually diagnosed through blood tests showing elevated parathyroid hormone and calcium levels. While tumors on the parathyroid glands are a common cause, enlarged glands can also lead to hyperparathyroidism. Surgery to remove the affected gland(s) is often the primary treatment.

1. PRIMARY
HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
BY : SYED MOHAMMAD ARISH AYUB

2. PARATHYROID GLAND
• Parathyroid glands are four small glands located on the back of the thyroid gland
below the Adam’s apple.
• Parathyroid glands control the levels of calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D in the
body.

3. • PTH also reduces the amount of calcium lost in urine
• Sometimes, one or more of the glands becomes enlarged then it
produces too much PTH.

4. Too much PTH leads to too much calcium in the blood. This condition is
called hypercalcemia
Lead to
frequent urination
stomach problems
confusion
fatigue

5. Elevated PTH
Elevated blood Calcium
Elevated alkaline Phosphatase
Low levels of Phosphorus

6. CAUSES
• Adenoma
An adenoma is a noncancerous tumor on one of these glands. These
tumors are the most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism.
• Parathyroid gland enlargement
In other cases, enlargement of at least two of the parathyroid glands
can lead to hyperparathyroidism.
• Parathyroid cancer
Parathyroid cancer may cause enlargement of one or more of the
parathyroid glands. These tumors can cause hyperparathyroidism.

7. SYMPTOMS
• Muscle weakness
• Lethargy
• Fatigue
• Pain in muscles
• Depression

8. If the condition is more severe,
then it leads to:
• kidney stones
• abdominal, or stomach, pain
• nausea and vomiting
• confusion
• impaired memory
• constipation
• bone thinning and fractures
• coma (in rare cases)

9. DIAGNOSIS
Primary hyperparathyroidism is generally diagnosed through blood tests.
Signs of this condition include:
• elevated PTH
• elevated blood calcium
• elevated alkaline phosphatase
• low levels of phosphorus
X-ray

10. TREATMENT
surgery is the most common treatment
Medications:
• Bisphosphonates, such as Alendronate (Fosamax),
help decrease bone turnover.
• Cinacalcet (Sensipar) helps normalize calcium
levels in the blood.
• Estrogen therapy may be prescribed for
postmenopausal women.

11. Thank you