CAS units are pressure-controlled switches. The position of the contacts depends on the pressure in the inlet connection and the set value. In the series, special attention has been given to meeting demands for
• a high level of enclosure
• low diff erential
• robust and compact construction
• resistance to shock and vibration.
Read more at - http://www.danfoss.in/
Công ty cổ phần Hạo Phương xin gửi đến quý khách hàng Catalog relay Idec gồm đầy đủ các thông tin cơ bản như: thông số kỹ thuật, kích thước, sơ đồ dây….
Tham khảo các dòng Relay Idec thông dụng tại thị trường Việt Nam: RU4S, RU2S, RY4S, RM2S, RJ1S,….
Thiết kế của Relay Idec tinh tế đến từng chi tiết, sản phẩm luôn đảm bảo độ chính xác và chất lượng. Các ổ cắm dễ dàng sử dụng và có thể gắn trên Din rail, panel hoặc PCB.
This document provides specifications for TE Connectivity's slimline PCN and PCNH series general purpose low power PCB relays. The PCN relay has a 1 pole 5A normally open contact, operates at 120mW, and is only 5mm wide, allowing for high packing density. The PCNH has a single contact and higher performance 180mW coil. Both comply with RoHS and offer cadmium-free contacts. The document provides detailed contact, coil, insulation, mechanical, and other technical data for the relays.
Công ty Cổ phần Hạo Phương xin gửi đến quý khách hàng Catalog Timer đầy đủ và chi tiết cấu tạo các dòng timer của nhà sản xuất Idec Izumi đến từ Nhật bản.
Quý khách có nhu cầu mua hàng hoặc hợp tác cùng chúng tôi xin vui lòng liên hệ theo địa chỉ :
CÔNG TY CỔ PHẦN HẠO PHƯƠNG
Trụ sở chính:
Địa chỉ: Số 88 đường Vĩnh Phú 40, Kp. Hòa Long, P. Vĩnh Phú, Thuận An, Bình Dương.
Văn phòng Hà Nội:
Địa chỉ: Số 95 TT4 - KĐT Mỹ Đình Sông Đà - Phường Mỹ Đình - Q. Nam Từ Liêm - Hà Nội
Chi nhánh Cambodia:
Địa chỉ: The Park Land SenSok, Borey Chip Mong, House Number 22, P11.Sangkat Phnom Penh Thmey, Khan San Sok, Phnom Penh.
Email: cs@haophuong.com - Website: haophuong.com
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/haophuongcompany/
HOTLINE: 1800 6547
Công ty TNHH Hạo Phương là đối tác phân phối các thiết bị điện công nghiệp của hãng IDEC IZUMI: đèn báo nút nhấn, relay, timer, PLC, màn hình idec...www.haophuong.com
Catalog đèn báo nút nhấn công tắc IDEC (Nhật Bản) - dòng TWCTY TNHH HẠO PHƯƠNG
Công ty Cổ phần Hạo Phương xin gửi đến quý khách hàng Catalog về đèn báo, nút nhấn, công tắc xoay Idec (Nhật Bản) phi 22 dòng TW. Catalog chứa đầy đủ thông tin về sản phẩm, kích thước và những lưu ý để sử dụng thiết bị hiệu quả.
Điểm đặc biệt của đèn báo IDEC phi 22 là có thể dễ dàng chuyển đổi từ phi 22 sang phi 25, điều mà hiếm có sản phẩm nào trên thị trường có thể làm được.
Cataloge schneider contactor ct-dienhathe.vnDien Ha The
CT contactors can control heating, ventilation, and other systems. They are available in multiple configurations up to 100A and can be equipped with auxiliary functions like indication and time delay. CT+ contactors provide high performance control for demanding applications with characteristics like low noise, temperature rise, and electromagnetic disturbances. Manually-operated contactors allow overriding automatic control.
Catalog đèn báo, nút nhấn, công tắc idec phi 30 mới nhất 2019CTY TNHH HẠO PHƯƠNG
Công ty Cổ phần Hạo Phương xin gửi đến Quý khách hàng catalog bản đầy đủ và mới nhất về đèn báo nút nhấn (chống cháy) phi 30 dòng EU2B của hãng Idec Izumi.
Đèn báo nút nhấn (dòng chống cháy) của nhà sản xuất Idec được sản xuất theo tiêu chuẩn IP65. Sản phấm có chất liệu bền và khả năng chịu được nhiệt tốt.
Được sử dụng rộng rãi trong các ngành công nghiệp tiềm năng bao gồm dầu khí, xử lý nước thải, hóa dầu và lọc dầu, thiết bị bán dẫn, nông nghiệp, dược phẩm và chế biến thực phẩm.
CÔNG TY CỔ PHẦN HẠO PHƯƠNG
Trụ sở chính:
Địa chỉ: Số 88 đường Vĩnh Phú 40, Kp. Hòa Long, P. Vĩnh Phú, Thuận An, Bình Dương.
Văn phòng Hà Nội:
Địa chỉ: Số 95 TT4 – KĐT Mỹ Đình Sông Đà – Phường Mỹ Đình – Q. Nam Từ Liêm – Hà Nội
Chi nhánh Cambodia:
Địa chỉ: The Park Land SenSok, Borey Chip Mong, House Number 22, P11.Sangkat Phnom Penh Thmey, Khan San Sok, Phnom Penh.
Email: cs@haophuong.com – Website: haophuong.com
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/haophuongcompany/
HOTLINE: 1800 6547
Công ty cổ phần Hạo Phương xin gửi đến quý khách hàng Catalog relay Idec gồm đầy đủ các thông tin cơ bản như: thông số kỹ thuật, kích thước, sơ đồ dây….
Tham khảo các dòng Relay Idec thông dụng tại thị trường Việt Nam: RU4S, RU2S, RY4S, RM2S, RJ1S,….
Thiết kế của Relay Idec tinh tế đến từng chi tiết, sản phẩm luôn đảm bảo độ chính xác và chất lượng. Các ổ cắm dễ dàng sử dụng và có thể gắn trên Din rail, panel hoặc PCB.
This document provides specifications for TE Connectivity's slimline PCN and PCNH series general purpose low power PCB relays. The PCN relay has a 1 pole 5A normally open contact, operates at 120mW, and is only 5mm wide, allowing for high packing density. The PCNH has a single contact and higher performance 180mW coil. Both comply with RoHS and offer cadmium-free contacts. The document provides detailed contact, coil, insulation, mechanical, and other technical data for the relays.
Công ty Cổ phần Hạo Phương xin gửi đến quý khách hàng Catalog Timer đầy đủ và chi tiết cấu tạo các dòng timer của nhà sản xuất Idec Izumi đến từ Nhật bản.
Quý khách có nhu cầu mua hàng hoặc hợp tác cùng chúng tôi xin vui lòng liên hệ theo địa chỉ :
CÔNG TY CỔ PHẦN HẠO PHƯƠNG
Trụ sở chính:
Địa chỉ: Số 88 đường Vĩnh Phú 40, Kp. Hòa Long, P. Vĩnh Phú, Thuận An, Bình Dương.
Văn phòng Hà Nội:
Địa chỉ: Số 95 TT4 - KĐT Mỹ Đình Sông Đà - Phường Mỹ Đình - Q. Nam Từ Liêm - Hà Nội
Chi nhánh Cambodia:
Địa chỉ: The Park Land SenSok, Borey Chip Mong, House Number 22, P11.Sangkat Phnom Penh Thmey, Khan San Sok, Phnom Penh.
Email: cs@haophuong.com - Website: haophuong.com
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/haophuongcompany/
HOTLINE: 1800 6547
Công ty TNHH Hạo Phương là đối tác phân phối các thiết bị điện công nghiệp của hãng IDEC IZUMI: đèn báo nút nhấn, relay, timer, PLC, màn hình idec...www.haophuong.com
Catalog đèn báo nút nhấn công tắc IDEC (Nhật Bản) - dòng TWCTY TNHH HẠO PHƯƠNG
Công ty Cổ phần Hạo Phương xin gửi đến quý khách hàng Catalog về đèn báo, nút nhấn, công tắc xoay Idec (Nhật Bản) phi 22 dòng TW. Catalog chứa đầy đủ thông tin về sản phẩm, kích thước và những lưu ý để sử dụng thiết bị hiệu quả.
Điểm đặc biệt của đèn báo IDEC phi 22 là có thể dễ dàng chuyển đổi từ phi 22 sang phi 25, điều mà hiếm có sản phẩm nào trên thị trường có thể làm được.
Cataloge schneider contactor ct-dienhathe.vnDien Ha The
CT contactors can control heating, ventilation, and other systems. They are available in multiple configurations up to 100A and can be equipped with auxiliary functions like indication and time delay. CT+ contactors provide high performance control for demanding applications with characteristics like low noise, temperature rise, and electromagnetic disturbances. Manually-operated contactors allow overriding automatic control.
Catalog đèn báo, nút nhấn, công tắc idec phi 30 mới nhất 2019CTY TNHH HẠO PHƯƠNG
Công ty Cổ phần Hạo Phương xin gửi đến Quý khách hàng catalog bản đầy đủ và mới nhất về đèn báo nút nhấn (chống cháy) phi 30 dòng EU2B của hãng Idec Izumi.
Đèn báo nút nhấn (dòng chống cháy) của nhà sản xuất Idec được sản xuất theo tiêu chuẩn IP65. Sản phấm có chất liệu bền và khả năng chịu được nhiệt tốt.
Được sử dụng rộng rãi trong các ngành công nghiệp tiềm năng bao gồm dầu khí, xử lý nước thải, hóa dầu và lọc dầu, thiết bị bán dẫn, nông nghiệp, dược phẩm và chế biến thực phẩm.
CÔNG TY CỔ PHẦN HẠO PHƯƠNG
Trụ sở chính:
Địa chỉ: Số 88 đường Vĩnh Phú 40, Kp. Hòa Long, P. Vĩnh Phú, Thuận An, Bình Dương.
Văn phòng Hà Nội:
Địa chỉ: Số 95 TT4 – KĐT Mỹ Đình Sông Đà – Phường Mỹ Đình – Q. Nam Từ Liêm – Hà Nội
Chi nhánh Cambodia:
Địa chỉ: The Park Land SenSok, Borey Chip Mong, House Number 22, P11.Sangkat Phnom Penh Thmey, Khan San Sok, Phnom Penh.
Email: cs@haophuong.com – Website: haophuong.com
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/haophuongcompany/
HOTLINE: 1800 6547
This document provides specifications for the μA723 precision voltage regulator integrated circuit, including:
- Electrical characteristics such as input/output voltage ranges, current limits, and temperature stability.
- Application information such as resistor values needed for standard output voltages and formulas for calculating intermediate voltages.
- A functional block diagram and schematic showing the internal components and typical external connections.
- Packaging and temperature rating options for the chip in plastic DIP and small outline packages.
This document provides information on the Series 6122 tank inspection lights, including:
- They are suitable for illuminating storage tanks, stirring tanks, and other vessels, using halogen lamps from 5W to 100W.
- Multiple mounting and connection options are available.
- Technical specifications and approvals for use in hazardous areas are provided, along with ordering information and accessories.
Flameproof Pressure Switches are designed as per IS2148 for Gas Gr. IIC Flameproof - CE Certification and approved by a leading European Lab – “BASEEFA” for ATEX & ICEEX certificates
Various Ranges : from 0 to 150 mm Wc upto 0 to 400 Bar
Differential (Dead Band) : Fixed (Within 10% of set value) Or, Adjustable
Sensing Element : Diaphragm (PTFE, Neoprene or, SS 316) or Piston
Enclosure : Flameproof to group IIC
Công ty TNHH Hạo Phương là đối tác phân phối các thiết bị điện công nghiệp của hãng IDEC IZUMI: đèn báo nút nhấn, relay, timer, PLC, màn hình idec...www.haophuong.com
Catalog đèn báo nút nhấn công tắc IDEC (Nhật Bản) - dòng A6CTY TNHH HẠO PHƯƠNG
Công ty Cổ phần Hạo Phương xin gửi đến quý khách hàng Catalog về đèn báo, nút nhấn, công tắc xoay Idec (Nhật Bản) phi 16 dòng A6. Catalog chứa đầy đủ thông tin về sản phẩm, kích thước và những lưu ý để sử dụng thiết bị hiệu quả.
Điểm đặc biệt của đèn báo IDEC A6 là thích hợp các loạt ứng dụng trong văn phòng và nhà máy. Đèn LED chứa điện trở hạn chế dòng và diode để bảo vệ chống lại kết nối ngược.
Original Mosfet P-Channel TJ20A10M3 J20A10M3 J20A10M 100V 10A TO-220 NewAUTHELECTRONIC
This document provides specifications for the TJ20A10M3 P-channel MOSFET transistor made by Toshiba. Some key specifications include a maximum drain-source voltage of -100V, typical drain-source on resistance of 63mΩ, and maximum drain cut-off current of -10μA. The document also provides charts showing electrical characteristics like drain current vs drain-source voltage under different conditions and maximum ratings for pulsed operations. Safety guidelines are provided to prevent unintended or unsafe uses of the transistor.
This document provides specifications for the TK15A60D silicon n-channel MOS field effect transistor made by Toshiba. Some key specifications include:
- Maximum drain-source voltage of 600V
- Typical on-resistance of 0.31 ohms
- Maximum drain current of 15A continuous, 60A pulse
- Enhancement mode with threshold voltage of 2.0-4.0V
It also provides detailed electrical characteristics, thermal characteristics, and safety considerations for using the transistor.
This document provides product information for Argus Pressure Switches, Isolation Valves, and related pressure control products. It summarizes the products' specifications, certifications, materials, dimensions, and applications. The products conform to various industry standards and are designed for reliable and safe pressure monitoring and control in oil and gas well sites and other industrial processes.
Original N-Channel Mosfet DN2540 DN2540N5 2540 TO-220 New SupertexAUTHELECTRONIC
Original N-Channel Mosfet DN2540 DN2540N5 2540 TO-220 New Supertex
https://authelectronic.com/original-n-channel-mosfet-dn2540-dn2540n5-2540-to-220-new-supertex
MCB Fuji: thiết bị đóng cắt Fuji
Beeteco.com là trang mua sắm trực tuyến thiết bị điện - Tự động hóa uy tín tại Việt Nam.
Chuyên cung cấp các thiết bị: Đèn báo nút nhấn, Relay, Timer, Contactor, MCCB ELCB, Biến tần, Van, Thiết bị cảm biến, phụ kiện tủ điện, .... Từ các thương hiệu hàng đầu trên thế giới.
www.beeteco.com @ Công ty TNHH TM KT ASTER
Số 7 Đại Lộ Độc Lập, KCN Sóng Thần 1, P. Dĩ An, Tx. Dĩ An, Bình Dương
www.facebook.com/beeteco
Tel: 0650 3617 012
DĐ: 0904 676 925
Original IGBT TK8A60DA K8A60 600V 7.5A TO-220F New ToshibaAUTHELECTRONIC
This document provides specifications for the TK8A60DA MOSFET transistor. It includes:
- Absolute maximum ratings for voltage, current, power and temperature.
- Electrical characteristics like threshold voltage, on resistance and capacitance.
- Thermal characteristics like thermal resistance.
- Safe operating area curves and avalanche energy ratings.
- Testing conditions and notes on using the transistor within specified limits to ensure reliability.
The leading firms engaged in trade and supply of varied Electrical Products that find extensive applications in diverse sectors. Our products comprise quality features and meet/ exceed the client’s expectation. Our products are LG Contactor, C And S Contactor, L&T Contactor, Siemens Contactor, LG Over Load Relay, C&S Over Load Relay, L&T Over Load Relay, Siemens Over Load Relay, L&T MCCB, ABB MCCB, Schneider MCCB, L&T MPCB.
Ice Asia - material handling equipments, flue gas analyzers, hydrogen purity analyzers, sf6 analyzers manufacturer, flue gas analyzer, process & analytical instruments, hydrogen purity analyzer, sf6 analyzer supplier etc.
The document provides specifications and information on Dwyer Instruments' differential pressure switch/gage products including the Photohelic, Capsu-Photohelic, 3000MR/MRS Photohelic, and Mini-Photohelic. It describes the typical applications and design features of these products and includes options and special scales available.
This document provides an introduction to basic electricity concepts. It defines key terms like electrical charge, potential difference, current, resistance and explores units of measurement. It describes direct and alternating current. Kirchhoff's laws and Ohm's law are explained for analyzing circuits. Common electrical components like batteries, alternators and motors are covered at a high level. The goal is to familiarize trainees with basic electricity concepts as a foundation for understanding electronics.
The document describes various electrical components including capacitors that store electrical charges, resistors that prevent the passage of current, welders used to install components, digital testers that measure electrical parameters, digital oscilloscopes that measure and graph electrical signals, electrical networks that carry power to appliances, electrical batteries that store energy, and students learning about electrical components.
This document provides specifications for the μA723 precision voltage regulator integrated circuit, including:
- Electrical characteristics such as input/output voltage ranges, current limits, and temperature stability.
- Application information such as resistor values needed for standard output voltages and formulas for calculating intermediate voltages.
- A functional block diagram and schematic showing the internal components and typical external connections.
- Packaging and temperature rating options for the chip in plastic DIP and small outline packages.
This document provides information on the Series 6122 tank inspection lights, including:
- They are suitable for illuminating storage tanks, stirring tanks, and other vessels, using halogen lamps from 5W to 100W.
- Multiple mounting and connection options are available.
- Technical specifications and approvals for use in hazardous areas are provided, along with ordering information and accessories.
Flameproof Pressure Switches are designed as per IS2148 for Gas Gr. IIC Flameproof - CE Certification and approved by a leading European Lab – “BASEEFA” for ATEX & ICEEX certificates
Various Ranges : from 0 to 150 mm Wc upto 0 to 400 Bar
Differential (Dead Band) : Fixed (Within 10% of set value) Or, Adjustable
Sensing Element : Diaphragm (PTFE, Neoprene or, SS 316) or Piston
Enclosure : Flameproof to group IIC
Công ty TNHH Hạo Phương là đối tác phân phối các thiết bị điện công nghiệp của hãng IDEC IZUMI: đèn báo nút nhấn, relay, timer, PLC, màn hình idec...www.haophuong.com
Catalog đèn báo nút nhấn công tắc IDEC (Nhật Bản) - dòng A6CTY TNHH HẠO PHƯƠNG
Công ty Cổ phần Hạo Phương xin gửi đến quý khách hàng Catalog về đèn báo, nút nhấn, công tắc xoay Idec (Nhật Bản) phi 16 dòng A6. Catalog chứa đầy đủ thông tin về sản phẩm, kích thước và những lưu ý để sử dụng thiết bị hiệu quả.
Điểm đặc biệt của đèn báo IDEC A6 là thích hợp các loạt ứng dụng trong văn phòng và nhà máy. Đèn LED chứa điện trở hạn chế dòng và diode để bảo vệ chống lại kết nối ngược.
Original Mosfet P-Channel TJ20A10M3 J20A10M3 J20A10M 100V 10A TO-220 NewAUTHELECTRONIC
This document provides specifications for the TJ20A10M3 P-channel MOSFET transistor made by Toshiba. Some key specifications include a maximum drain-source voltage of -100V, typical drain-source on resistance of 63mΩ, and maximum drain cut-off current of -10μA. The document also provides charts showing electrical characteristics like drain current vs drain-source voltage under different conditions and maximum ratings for pulsed operations. Safety guidelines are provided to prevent unintended or unsafe uses of the transistor.
This document provides specifications for the TK15A60D silicon n-channel MOS field effect transistor made by Toshiba. Some key specifications include:
- Maximum drain-source voltage of 600V
- Typical on-resistance of 0.31 ohms
- Maximum drain current of 15A continuous, 60A pulse
- Enhancement mode with threshold voltage of 2.0-4.0V
It also provides detailed electrical characteristics, thermal characteristics, and safety considerations for using the transistor.
This document provides product information for Argus Pressure Switches, Isolation Valves, and related pressure control products. It summarizes the products' specifications, certifications, materials, dimensions, and applications. The products conform to various industry standards and are designed for reliable and safe pressure monitoring and control in oil and gas well sites and other industrial processes.
Original N-Channel Mosfet DN2540 DN2540N5 2540 TO-220 New SupertexAUTHELECTRONIC
Original N-Channel Mosfet DN2540 DN2540N5 2540 TO-220 New Supertex
https://authelectronic.com/original-n-channel-mosfet-dn2540-dn2540n5-2540-to-220-new-supertex
MCB Fuji: thiết bị đóng cắt Fuji
Beeteco.com là trang mua sắm trực tuyến thiết bị điện - Tự động hóa uy tín tại Việt Nam.
Chuyên cung cấp các thiết bị: Đèn báo nút nhấn, Relay, Timer, Contactor, MCCB ELCB, Biến tần, Van, Thiết bị cảm biến, phụ kiện tủ điện, .... Từ các thương hiệu hàng đầu trên thế giới.
www.beeteco.com @ Công ty TNHH TM KT ASTER
Số 7 Đại Lộ Độc Lập, KCN Sóng Thần 1, P. Dĩ An, Tx. Dĩ An, Bình Dương
www.facebook.com/beeteco
Tel: 0650 3617 012
DĐ: 0904 676 925
Original IGBT TK8A60DA K8A60 600V 7.5A TO-220F New ToshibaAUTHELECTRONIC
This document provides specifications for the TK8A60DA MOSFET transistor. It includes:
- Absolute maximum ratings for voltage, current, power and temperature.
- Electrical characteristics like threshold voltage, on resistance and capacitance.
- Thermal characteristics like thermal resistance.
- Safe operating area curves and avalanche energy ratings.
- Testing conditions and notes on using the transistor within specified limits to ensure reliability.
The leading firms engaged in trade and supply of varied Electrical Products that find extensive applications in diverse sectors. Our products comprise quality features and meet/ exceed the client’s expectation. Our products are LG Contactor, C And S Contactor, L&T Contactor, Siemens Contactor, LG Over Load Relay, C&S Over Load Relay, L&T Over Load Relay, Siemens Over Load Relay, L&T MCCB, ABB MCCB, Schneider MCCB, L&T MPCB.
Ice Asia - material handling equipments, flue gas analyzers, hydrogen purity analyzers, sf6 analyzers manufacturer, flue gas analyzer, process & analytical instruments, hydrogen purity analyzer, sf6 analyzer supplier etc.
The document provides specifications and information on Dwyer Instruments' differential pressure switch/gage products including the Photohelic, Capsu-Photohelic, 3000MR/MRS Photohelic, and Mini-Photohelic. It describes the typical applications and design features of these products and includes options and special scales available.
This document provides an introduction to basic electricity concepts. It defines key terms like electrical charge, potential difference, current, resistance and explores units of measurement. It describes direct and alternating current. Kirchhoff's laws and Ohm's law are explained for analyzing circuits. Common electrical components like batteries, alternators and motors are covered at a high level. The goal is to familiarize trainees with basic electricity concepts as a foundation for understanding electronics.
The document describes various electrical components including capacitors that store electrical charges, resistors that prevent the passage of current, welders used to install components, digital testers that measure electrical parameters, digital oscilloscopes that measure and graph electrical signals, electrical networks that carry power to appliances, electrical batteries that store energy, and students learning about electrical components.
The document provides an overview of various electrical components used in circuits and machines, including fuses, miniature circuit breakers (MCBs), moulded case circuit breakers (MCCBs), motor protection circuit breakers (MPCBs), relays, contactors, push buttons, connectors, cables, terminals, and busbars. It describes their basic functions such as overcurrent protection, switching circuits, connecting wires, and carrying large currents within electrical equipment.
This document provides an introduction and overview of basic electricity concepts. It begins by outlining the objectives of electricity training which are to understand Ohm's law, electrical terms, and the relationship between voltage, current and resistance. It then discusses the basics of electricity including different types of energy, current, voltage, resistance, and Ohm's law. The document also covers topics like series and parallel circuits, AC/DC power, and introduces the use of a digital multimeter for electrical measurements.
Speed Control of Induction Motor using Variable Frequency DriveSandeep Kaushal
Induction motor is constant speed motor at a particular frequency and consumes almost same power irrespective of load demand. Let's talk about two different load one is high load and other low load. AT low load motor is delivering the load with some current and thereby torque is maintained. If load goes high, to maintain the same speed and developed torqued, motor will draw extra current and will corresponds to more losses. If speed of motor is reduced corresponding too low load and is increased corresponding to high load, then substantial amount of power can be saved. And speed can be changed by changing the frequency of input supply.
Thermocouples produce a voltage related to temperature difference based on the Seebeck effect. Common materials used include chromel-alumel for Type K and iron-constantan for Type J. Thermocouples have advantages such as wide temperature range, long transmission distances, low cost, and fast response time. Limitations include needing cold junction compensation and signal amplification. Applications include temperature monitoring in steel making and heating appliances.
The document provides an overview of basic electrical theory, including:
1) Electricity is generated by the flow of electrons, which can flow through conductors but not insulators. Common conductors are metals which contain "free electrons".
2) Generators use magnets to push electrons through wires, creating a flow of electrons called current that can be measured in amps.
3) Electrical circuits require a voltage source to push electrons through a conducting wire from the negative terminal to the positive terminal, powering devices called loads along the way.
speed control of three phase induction motorAshvani Shukla
This document summarizes various methods for controlling the speed of three-phase induction motors. It discusses that induction motors are commonly used in industry due to their low cost and rugged construction but operate at constant speed. Various speed control methods are then outlined, including stator voltage control, stator frequency control, and stator current control. V/F control is also explained in detail along with its advantages for providing efficient motor speed control. The document concludes by discussing applications in industry and topics for further research.
Introduction to Electrical Engineering branch of EngineeringLearn By Watch
The document discusses electrical engineering, including what it is, its importance, eligibility requirements, common courses and programs of study in India, career prospects, typical jobs, and salaries. Electrical engineering deals with electricity generation, transmission, and consumption for the benefit of mankind. It discusses power systems, circuit design, electronics, and more. To be eligible for electrical engineering programs in India, students must pass 10+2 with 50%+ marks in physics, chemistry, and math. Popular career paths for electrical engineers include working in government organizations, private companies, power plants, defense, education, and more. Starting salaries typically range from 15,000-35,000 INR per month.
Electricity is the flow of electric charge, which is generated from converting primary energy sources like coal into a secondary energy source. Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter and contain protons with a positive charge, neutrons with no charge, and electrons with a negative charge that orbit the nucleus. Electricity occurs when electrons are pushed out of their normal orbits in atoms and move from one atom to another. Electricity powers devices through either series or parallel circuits and is integral to many aspects of modern daily life.
Electrical engineering involves manipulating power through studying uses of electricity, power generation equipment, and distribution and control of machines and communication. It provides electricity to entire cities through power grids and controls systems like dams and space shuttles. As a core engineering field, electrical engineering has broad scope and job prospects, including powering engineering disciplines and ensuring its relevance for many years. Career options for electrical engineers include jobs in power generation and distribution through utilities and industries.
The document discusses different types of pressure measurement techniques including manometers, elastic sensors like Bourdon tubes, and calibration using a dead weight tester. It explains how manometers like the U-tube manometer and well manometer measure pressure as a difference or height of fluid columns. Bourdon tubes are elastic tubes that deform under pressure and transmit the measurement mechanically. A dead weight tester precisely applies known pressures using weights on a floating piston to calibrate other pressure sensors.
Electrical engineering deals with applications of electricity, electronics, and magnetism. It covers subfields like power electronics, control systems, signal processing, and telecommunications. Electrical engineers work in areas like power generation and distribution, electronics and microelectronics design, signal analysis and manipulation, and telecommunications transmission. Electrical engineering education typically requires a four to five year bachelor's degree program. Salaries range from $51k to $80k per year depending on experience and education, with employment expected to grow at an average rate.
This document introduces electricity and electric circuits. It discusses:
1) The sources of electricity as main electricity from power stations and electric cells for portable devices.
2) The components of an electric circuit including connecting wires, bulbs, switches, and cells.
3) How circuits can be arranged in series or parallel and the differences between complete and incomplete circuits.
The document discusses the Electrical and Electronics Engineering (EEE) program. It provides an overview of what EEE is, why study it, eligibility requirements, how students can improve themselves in the program, future career options after graduating with an EEE degree, and why study EEE at a particular college. EEE concerns generating, distributing, and using electrical energy to benefit humanity in a sustainable way. Studying EEE provides access to a wide range of high-demand engineering careers and represents over 25% of all engineering jobs. Eligible students include those with a mathematics background in their higher secondary certificate or related undergraduate degrees.
This document provides an overview of electricity and electric circuits. It defines key concepts such as current, voltage, resistance, and different circuit arrangements. Some main points:
- Electricity is a form of energy that flows through circuits due to electric charges and potential differences. Current is the flow of electric charges.
- Circuits must be closed loops for current to flow. Components include batteries, wires, switches, and devices. Their symbols are used in circuit diagrams.
- Circuits can be arranged in series or parallel. Series increases overall resistance while parallel decreases it.
- Resistance opposes current flow
This document provides information on the 20 and 25 Series Pressure SWICHGAGE®, which are combination indicating gauges and limit switches. They have a dial gauge to indicate pressure and built-in electrical switches that can trigger alarms or shut downs when the pressure reaches an adjustable limit. The gauges come in various pressure ranges and models with different switch configurations. They are designed to monitor systems like engine lubrication pressure to protect equipment.
Catalog thiết bị đóng cắt Fuji Electric - 08 - Circuit Protector
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Xem chi tiết các sản phẩm Fuji Electric tại
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This document provides information on the 15N60 power MOSFET from Unisonic Technologies Co., Ltd. including:
- It is an N-channel power MOSFET using advanced DMOS technology to provide low on-state resistance and superior switching performance.
- Key features include a continuous drain current of 15A, on-state resistance of 0.44Ω, and avalanche energy rating of 637mJ.
- It is suited for applications such as active power factor correction and high efficiency switched mode power supplies.
This document provides specifications for Texas Instruments' μA7800 series of positive voltage regulators. The μA7800 series includes 5 models of 3-terminal positive voltage regulators (μA7805, μA7808, μA7810, μA7812, μA7815) that can provide regulated output voltages of 5V, 8V, 10V, 12V, and 15V respectively, with an output current of up to 1.5A. The document includes details on electrical characteristics, thermal properties, ordering information and package types for each model.
This document provides specifications for Texas Instruments' μA7800 series of positive voltage regulators. The μA7800 series includes 3-terminal fixed output voltage regulators that can provide up to 1.5A of output current. The document includes details on package options, electrical characteristics, ordering information, and application recommendations for the voltage regulators.
Original N Channel Mosfet FQD10N60C STD10NM60N 10NM60 10N60 10A 600V TO-252 N...AUTHELECTRONIC
Original N Channel Mosfet FQD10N60C STD10NM60N 10NM60 10N60 10A 600V TO-252 New ST
https://authelectronic.com/original-n-channel-mosfet-fqd10n60c-std10nm60n-10nm60-10n60-10a-600v-to-252-new-st
Original N-channel 650 V 0.230 Ohm 12 A MDmesh V Power MOSFET in DPAK DPAK ST...AUTHELECTRONIC
Original N-channel 650 V 0.230 Ohm 12 A MDmesh V Power MOSFET in DPAK DPAK STF16N65M5 16N65M5 16N65 710V 12A TO-220FP New STMicroelectronics
https://authelectronic.com/original-n-channel-650-v-0-230-ohm-12-a-mdmesh-v-power-mosfet-in-dpak-dpak-stf16n65m5-16n65m5-16n65-710v-12a-to-220fp-new-stmicroelectronics
Original N-Channel Mosfet STP65NF06 P65NF06 65A 60V TO-220 New STAUTHELECTRONIC
Original N-Channel Mosfet STP65NF06 P65NF06 65A 60V TO-220 New ST
https://authelectronic.com/original-n-channel-mosfet-stp65nf06-p65nf06-65a-60v-to-220-new
This document provides product details for a miniature circuit breaker (MCB) called the S201-K25NA. It is a 1+NP pole, K characteristic, 25A rated current MCB that meets IEC and UL standards. It has thermal and magnetic tripping mechanisms for overload and short circuit protection. Additional information is given on technical specifications, ratings, dimensions, packaging, ordering, and accessories.
This document provides a summary of the L293 and L293D integrated circuits. The L293 and L293D are quadruple half-H drivers designed to provide bidirectional drive currents of up to 1A and 600mA respectively. They can be used to drive inductive loads such as relays, solenoids, DC motors, and stepping motors. Key features include a wide supply voltage range of 4.5V to 36V, separate logic and output supplies, internal ESD protection, and thermal shutdown protection. The document provides pinout diagrams, electrical specifications, and an application circuit for driving a two-phase motor.
The document provides specifications for MOC3009 through MOC3012 optocouplers/optoisolators manufactured by Texas Instruments. The optocouplers use a gallium-arsenide infrared diode light source optically coupled to a silicon triac driver and provide up to 7500V of isolation. They are intended for typical 115Vac applications including solenoid controls, lamp ballasts, motor controls, and incandescent lamp dimmers. The document outlines maximum ratings, electrical characteristics, typical performance curves, applications information, and packaging details.
The document describes the TPS3305 family of dual processor supervisors. It provides:
- Monitoring of two independent supply voltages like 3.3V/1.8V, 3.3V/2.5V or 3.3V/5V.
- A reset output that is asserted when supply voltage rises above 1.1V or if the monitored sense voltages fall below their threshold.
- An internal watchdog timer that will assert reset if not retriggered within 1.6 seconds.
- Packaging in 8-pin MSOP or SO packages for operation from -40°C to 85°C.
Catalogue Timer Idec
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The document provides information on the S 200 S miniature circuit breaker from ABB. It has a screwless terminal that allows for quick and easy wiring without tools. Various cable types can be directly connected to the terminal. The breaker extends ABB's System pro M compact product range and offers faster installation than standard screw-type breakers. It provides overcurrent and short circuit protection for circuits up to 20A.
The document provides technical specifications for the ESBE Series VTA320 thermostatic mixing valves. It lists the pressure class, maximum differential pressure, pressure drop diagram, maximum working temperature, regulation accuracy, and connections for the valves. It also describes the valves' intended uses for domestic hot water regulation with or without hot water circulation, as well as for smaller underfloor heating circuits. The valve housings and other metal parts in contact with fluid are made from dezincification-resistant DZR brass CW 602N.
Similar to Pressure switches and thermostats, type CAS (20)
IDC – 2, Reliance Corporate Park, Navi Mumbai - Green Campus certified by IGBCDanfoss India
The building design of this newly established data centre for Reliance Jio has been inspired by the shape of a flower, center representing core life support and life spread around petals. High wall design of the building, inspired by that of forts, is capable of withstanding an earthquake upto 8.5 on Richter scale.
Reliance has committed to embedding principles of sustainability in its growth model by undertaking various initiatives to help enhance energy security and conserve the natural environment. IDC – 2 was one of the top 10 shortlisted finalists for ACREX Hall of Fame powered by Danfoss.
Sustainable Practices
• Part of first Platinum rated Green Campus certified by IGBC
• Thermal storage for uninterrupted operation
• BMS with in-house developed smart logic
• Supply air through false floor with hot aisle containment
• Treated fresh air with chemical filter for humidity reduction and corrosion control
• Saving of 23.1 million units of electric power per annum
• Power Operating Costs Saving of 21 crore Rupees per annum
RBEI, Coimbatore - CII awarded ‘Excellent Energy Efficient Building’Danfoss India
Headquartered in Germany, and now operating in over 150 countries, Bosch works in mobility solutions, Industrial technology, Energy & Building technology and Consumer goods. RBEI is the second largest engineering development centre in India.
As per Bosch’s value definition, Bosch places its products and services in the interests of the safety of people, the economic use of resources, and environmental sustainability. Bosch was one of the top 10 shortlisted finalists for ACREX Hall of Fame powered by Danfoss.
Sustainable Practices
• CII awarded ‘Excellent Energy Efficient Building’ for the excellence in Energy Management consecutively for 2015 & 2016
• CII awarded “Excellent Energy Efficient Building” for the excellence in Energy Management consecutively for 2015 & 2016
• Water-cooled chillers
• Solar PV system
• Expansive green cover around the premises
• Annual cost saving due to solar PV system – Rs 1.63 mn
• Annual energy saving due to solar street lights – 15,552 units
Ramanujan IT City, Chennai - 100 % recycled water used for cooling towerDanfoss India
Ramanujan IT City is an integrated IT city with an IT/ITES SEZ, luxury serviced apartments and an international convention centre.
The project has been pre-certified as per LEED Gold Guidelines along with other key features like environment management systems (ISO 14001 2004) and Energy management systems (ISO 50001 2011). Ramanujan IT City employs fundamental principles of sustainability and aims to establish new standards for innovative sustainable design strategies. Ramanujan IT City was one of the top 10 shortlisted finalists for ACREX Hall of Fame powered by Danfoss.
Sustainable Practices
• CFC & HCFC free system used in all HVAC & fire suppression
• Cooling tower selection for minimum drift and noise level
• CO sensors for the basement ventilation fans
• 100 % recycled water used for cooling tower make up
• Punched windows on the east and west to control heat radiation
• Energy savings – 16.8%
• Monthly savings due to LED retrofit – Rs 9,76,039
CEPT University, Ahmedabad - Net Zero Energy BuildingDanfoss India
CEPT (University focuses on understanding, designing, planning, constructing and managing human habitats. Centre for Advanced Research in Building Science and Energy (CARBSE) at CEPT University was established with the aim of providing impetus for research in energy efficiency in built environment and energy resource management at large. CEPT University was one of the top 10 shortlisted finalists for ACREX Hall of Fame powered by Danfoss.
Sustainable Practices
• Insulated wall, roof and floor to reduce heat gain
• Radiant panels and DOAS used for conditioning basement spaces
• Demand controlled fresh air supply based on CO2 sensor
• Combination of radiant panels and VRF for space conditioning for first and second floor
• LED fixtures for ambient and dimmable task lights
• Renewable (PV) Contribution – 34,461 kWh (for 10.5 months)
JW Marriott Mumbai Sahar - Gold Rated Green BuildingDanfoss India
A five-star luxury hotel, located in the vibrant location and accessible to the airport, JW Marriott Mumbai Sahar is known for its amenities, intelligently designed hotel rooms, and first-rate service. The project has been certified as Gold rated Green Building by IGBC.
Marriott’s sustainability strategy supports business and reaches beyond the doors of hotels to preserve and protect the planet and its resources. Focus is on reducing the carbon footprint, constructing more sustainable buildings, making supply chain more environmentally conscious and supporting innovative conservation initiatives. JW Marriot was one of the top 10 shortlisted finalists for ACREX Hall of Fame powered by Danfoss.
Sustainable Practices
• VFD driven equipment including chillers, pumps, cooling towers, AHUs, heat recovery fans, ventilation fans
• Indoor air quality sensors in public areas
• Usage of low VOC material
• Highly efficient fans (68 to 80% efficient) for AHUs and ventilation system
• Heat pipes/heat recovery wheels for AHUs having high occupancy load
Infosys EC-53 (M & C Building), Bangalore – Making Energy Conservation a HabitDanfoss India
EC-53 building of Infosys in Bangalore is the first building in India to implement a radiant panel based cooling, developed in-house, leading to sensible cooling. EC-53 building of Infosys in Bangalore boasts of achieving the target of 50% reduction in per capita electricity and 42% water consumption.
For its commitment to develop a green infrastructure through various energy efficiency measures and sustainable practices, Infosys was inducted in to the ACREX Hall of Fame on February 24th, 2017 at ACREX 2017.
Compressors for Commercial Air ConditioningDanfoss India
Danfoss compressors reduce costs across the entire product lifespan in the application. Build your business with a 360° perspective and experience the benefits of true savings. For more info, visit http://www.danfoss.in/
Products and technologies - For all your application needs, today and tomorrowDanfoss India
T2/TE2 thermostatic expansion valves are used for liquid injection into evaporators for refrigeration and air conditioning systems using common refrigerants such as R22, R407C, R134a, R404A, and R507. They provide a wide temperature range, interchangeable orifice assemblies, and optional maximum operating pressure protection. The valves have a stainless steel capillary tube and bulb for corrosion resistance and a laser-welded power element in stainless steel for long life. They are available with internal or external equalization and flare or solder connections.
APP 1.5, APP 1.8, APP 2.2, APP 2.5, APP 3.0 and APP 3.5 pumps are designed to supply low viscosity and corrosive fluids under high pressure, e.g. in seawater reverse osmosis
filtration applications and for high-pressure saltwater pumping.
The pumps are based on the axial piston principle enabling a very light and compact design. The design ensures that lubrication of the moving parts in the pumps is provided by
the fluid itself. No oil lubrication is thus required
Read more at - http://www.danfoss.in/
BD compressor with a.c. and d.c. supplyDanfoss India
Danfoss is pleased to introduce a new optional electronic unit for the BD35F and BD50F compressors.The unit has a built in a.c./d.c. converter. The a.c. voltage range is from 85 V a.c. up to 265 V a.c., 50 /60 Hz.The d.c. voltage range is from 9.6 to 31.5 V d.c.The unit is therefore a true global voltage supply version.Automatic detection of supply voltage which means no additional relay is required to shift between a.c. or d.c.
Read more at - http://www.danfoss.in/
Facts worth knowing about frequency convertersDanfoss India
In 1968, Danfoss was the fi rst company in the world to commence mass production of Frequency Converters, for variable speed control of three-phase induction motors.Today FC’s are an increasingly important component for optimising motor operation, and the system attached to the motor. FC’s are now used in an expanding range of applications.
Read more at - http://www.danfoss.in/
3rd supply chain leaders forum 2014 case from danfoss power solutionsDanfoss India
Danfoss Power Solutions is a world leader in hydraulic components and
electronic controls that power and propel the equipment that builds our
world. We provide know-how in motion across a wide array of industries
– including construction, agriculture, material handling and more
Read more at - http://www.danfoss.in/
Danfoss offers a complete range of components for most oil burners on the market. The service manual is intended to make it easy for you to find the most suitable components and service from the comprehensive Danfoss range. For more info, visit http://www.danfoss.in/
Danfoss - Smart Solar Inverter SolutionsDanfoss India
Danfoss provides solar inverter solutions for photovoltaic systems ranging from residential to large-scale installations. Their inverters offer flexible, user-friendly solutions to maximize energy yield through features like multiple maximum power point tracking and integrated monitoring and control functions. Danfoss aims to provide customers with smart, reliable inverter solutions that simplify system design and installation while lowering costs over the lifetime of a solar installation.
Oil management solutions for manifolding scroll compressors - DanfossDanfoss India
Manifolded compressors are widely used in existing refrigeration systems such as cold rooms, display windows and ice machines. Scroll compressors are increasingly used in refrigeration systems, hence manifolded scroll compressors are easily found in the current market. For more info, visit http://www.danfoss.in/
Danfoss Industrial Refrigerationan - An introduction to the basicsDanfoss India
This Danfoss publication must be regarded as a supplement to the comprehensive literature on refrigera-tion that is available today and which is primarily aimed at readers with a professional relationship to the refrigeration industry/trade e.g. refrigeration engineers and installers. For more info, visit http://www.danfoss.in/
A thermostatic expansion valve is built up around a thermostatic element - separated from the valve body by a diaphragm.A capillary tube connects the element to a bulb
and a valve body with valve seat and a spring. For more info, visit http://www.danfoss.in/
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMHODECEDSIET
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
1. Pressure switches and thermostats, type CAS
Data sheet
Description
INDUSTRIAL CONTROLS IC.PD.P10.G1.02 - 520B3138
CAS units are pressure-controlled switches.
The position of the contacts depends on the
pressure in the inlet connection and the set
value. In the series, special attention has been
given to meeting demands for
• a high level of enclosure
• low differential
• robust and compact construction
• resistance to shock and vibration.
Contents Page
CAS pressure switches, description.............................................................................................................................1
Approvals.................................................................................................................................................................................2
Ship approvals........................................................................................................................................................................2
Survey........................................................................................................................................................................................2
ISO 9001 quality approval..................................................................................................................................................2
Ordering ...................................................................................................................................................................................3
Terminology............................................................................................................................................................................3
Technical data.........................................................................................................................................................................4
Dimensions and weight......................................................................................................................................................4
Installation...............................................................................................................................................................................5
Function....................................................................................................................................................................................6
Accessories ..............................................................................................................................................................................7
CAS thermostats, description.........................................................................................................................................8
Approvals.................................................................................................................................................................................8
Ship approvals........................................................................................................................................................................8
Technical data and ordering..............................................................................................................................................8
Dimensions and weight......................................................................................................................................................9
Accessories ..............................................................................................................................................................................9
Installation............................................................................................................................................................................ 10
Function................................................................................................................................................................................. 11
Electrical connection ........................................................................................................................................................ 11
Examples ............................................................................................................................................................................... 11
Conversion table................................................................................................................................................................. 12
The CAS series covers most outdoor as well as
indoor application requirements.
CAS pressure controls are suitable for use in alarm
and regulation systems in factories, diesel plant,
compressors, power stations and on board ship.
2. 0 - 3.5 CAS 133
0 - 10 CAS 136
0 - 18 CAS 137
10 - 35 CAS 139
1 - 10 CAS 143
4 - 40 CAS 145
6 - 60 CAS 147
0.2 - 2.5 CAS 155
20 - 80 CAS 178
70 - 120 CAS 180
60 - 150 CAS 181
2 IC.PD.P10.G2.02 - 520B2358
Data sheet Pressure switches and thermostats, type CAS
ISO 9001 quality approval Danfoss A/S is certificated by BSI in accordance
with international standard ISO 9001. This means
that Danfoss fulfils the international standard
in respect of product development, design,
production and sale. BSI exercises continuous
inspection to ensure that Danfoss observes the
requirements of the standard and that Danfoss’
own quality assurance system is maintained at
the required level.
Approvals CE-marked acc. to EN 60947-5-1
CCC, China Compulsory Certificate
Ship approvals AmericanBureauofShipping,USA(excl.CAS139)
Lloyds Register of Shipping, UK
Germanischer Lloyd, Germany
Bureau Veritas, France
Det Norske Veritas, Norway
Registro Italiano Navale, Italy
RMRS, Maritime Register of Shipping,
Russia
Nippon Kaiji Kyokai, Japan
Survey Pressure switches, type CAS
Standard pressure switches
Pressure switches for high pressure and strongly pulsating media
0 30 60 90 120 150 °C
Range Type
°C
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 bar
Range Type
Pe
bar
Differential pressure switches
Thermostats, type CAS
3. 0 → 3.5 0.1 10 10 40
G ¼
060-315066 CAS 133
0 → 10 0.2 22 22 40 060-315166 CAS 136
6 → 18 0.3 27 27 72 060-315266 CAS 137
10 → 35 0.6 53 53 100 060-315366 CAS 139
CAS 133, 135, 139
CAS 143, 145, 147
1 → 10 0.2 → 0.6 120 180 240
G ¼
060-316066 CAS 143
4 → 40 0.8 → 2.4 120 180 240 060-316166 CAS 145
6 → 60 1 → 3 120 180 240 060-316266 CAS 147
CAS 155
0.2 → 2.5 0.1 0 → 8 22 42 2 x G ¼ 060-313066 CAS 155
Data sheet Pressure switches and thermostats, type CAS
IC.PD.P10.G2.02 - 520B2358 3
Ordering Preferred version
Setting
range pe
(bar)
Mechanical
differential
(bar)
Permissible
operating
pressure
(bar)
Max test
pressure
(bar)
Min. burst
pressure
(bar)
Pressure
connection
Code no. Type
Pressure controls for high pressure and strongly pulsating media
Setting
range pe
(bar)
Mechanical
differential
(bar)
Permissible
operating
pressure
(bar)
Max test
pressure
(bar)
Min. burst
pressure
(bar)
Pressure
connection
Code no. Type
Differential pressure switch type CAS
Setting
range pe
(bar)
Mechanical
differential
(bar)
Permissible
operating
pressure for
low pressure
(bar)
Max test
pressure
(bar)
Min. burst
pressure
(bar)
Pressure
connection
Code no. Type
Max. test pressure
The highest pressure the unit may be subjected
to when, for example, testing the system for
leakage. Therefore, this presure must not occur as
a recurring system pressure.
Min. burst pressure
The pressure which the pressure-sensitive
element will withstand without leaking.
Range setting
The pressure range within which the unit will give
a signal (contact changeover).
Differential
The difference between make pressure and break
pressure (see also page 6).
Permissible burst pressure
The highest permanent or recurring pressure the
unit can be loaded with.
When ordering, please state type and code no.
Standard pressure switches
Terminology
4. 4 IC.PD.P10.G2.02 - 520B2358
Data sheet Pressure switches and thermostats, type CAS
Switch
Microswitch with single pole changeover (SPDT)
Contact load
Alternating current:
220 V, 0.1 A, AC-14 and AC-15 (inductive load)
Direct current: 125 V, 12 W DC-13 (inductive load)
Materials in contact with the medium
Ambient temperature
CAS 133-139: -40 to +70°C
CAS 143-155: -25 to +70°C
Temperature of medium
CAS 133-139: -40 to + 100°C
CAS 143-155: -25 to + 100°C
For water and seawater, max. 80 °C
Vibration resistance
Vibration-stable in the range 2-30 Hz
amplitude 1.1 mm and 30-100 Hz, 4 G.
Enclosure
IP 67 acc. to IEC 529 and DIN 40050.
The pressure control housing is enamelled
pressure die cast aluminium (GD-AISi 12).
The cover is fastened by four screws which
are anchored to prevent loss.
The enclosure can be sealed with fuse wire.
Cable entry
Pg 13.5 for cable diametrers from 5 to 14 mm.
Identification
The type designation and code no. of the unit
is stamped in the side of the housing.
CAS
133
136
137
139
Bellows: Stainless steel, material no.
1.4306 (DIN 17440)
Pressure
connection: Brass material no. 2.0401
(DIN 17660)
CAS
143
145
147
155
Diaphragm
connection: Nickel plated brass CuZn
40 Ob3 ISO R 426
(DIN 17569)
Diaphragm: Nitrile-butadien rubber
Weight:
CAS 133-139 approx. 1.0 kg
CAS 143-147 approx. 1.3 kg
CAS 155 approx. 1.5 kg
Technical data
Dimensions
5. Data sheet Pressure switches and thermostats, type CAS
IC.PD.P10.G2.02 - 520B2358 5
Installation Installation
CAS pressure controls are fitted with a 3 mm steel
mounting plate. The units should not be allowed
to hang from the pressure connection.
Pressure connection
When fitting or removing pressure lines, the
spanner flats on the pressure connection should
be used to apply counter-torque.
Steam plant
To protect the pressure element from excessive
heat, the insertion of a water-filled loop is
recommended. The loop can, for example, be
made of 10 mm copper tube as shown in fig. 1.
Pulsations
If the pressure medium is superimposed with
severe pulsations, which occur in automatic
sprinkler systems (fire protection), fuel systems
for diesel motors (priming lines), and hydraulic
systems (e.g. propeller systems), etc, types case
143, 145, 147 are recommended. The maximum
permissible pulsation level for these types is 120
bar.
Setting
When the pressure control cover is removed, and
the locking screw (3) is lossened, the range can
be set with the spindle (1) while at the same time
the scale (2) is being read.
Water systems
Water in the pressure element is not harmful,
but in case of frost a water-filled pressure
element may burst. To prevent this happening,
the pressure control can be allowed to operate
on an air cushion.
Media resistance
Se table of materials in contact with the medium,
page 4. If seawater is involved, types CAS 143,
145, 147 are recommended.
Electrical connection
CAS pressure controls are fitted with a PG 13.5
screwed cable entry that is suitable for cable
diameters from 5 to 13 mm.
Contact function is shown in fig. 3.
Fig. 1
1 Range spindle
2 Range scale
3 Locking screw
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
6. 6 IC.PD.P10.G2.02 - 520B2358
Data sheet Pressure switches and thermostats, type CAS
a. CAS 155
Contacts 1-4 make and contacts 1-2 break when the
differential pressure rises above the set range value.
The contacts changeover to their initial position
when the differential pressure again falls to the
range value minus the differential (see fig. 4).
Function I. Alarm for rising differential pressure given at
the set range value.
II. Alarm for falling differential pressure given at
the set range value minus the differential.
Scale setting
Mechanical differential
Fig. 4
b. All other CAS pressure controls
Contacts 1-2 make and contacts 1-4 break when
the pressure falls under the set range value. The
contacts changeover to their initial position when
the pressure again rises to the set range value
plus the differential (see fig. 5).
I. Alarm for falling pressure given at the set range
value.
II. Alarm for rising pressure given at the set range
value plus the differential.
Example 1:
An alarm must be given when the lubrication oil
pressure in a motor falls below 0.8 bar. Select CAS
133 (range 0 to 3.5 bar).
The minimum permissible lubricating oils
pressure of 0.8 bar must be set using the range
spindle. The differential is fixed at 0.1 bar, i.e. the
alarm will not cut out before the pressure rises to
0.9 bar.
The switch break function is normally used for
alarm purposes, i.e. the alarm must be connected
to terminals 1 and 4.
Example 2:
When the differential pressure exceeds 1.3 bar a
filter must be cleaned.
The maximum static pressure (LP) for the CAS 155
of 8 bar must not be exceeded.
The pressure control range spindle must be set
at 1.3 bar.
The alarm must be connected to terminals 1 and
2 (alarm for broken circuit).
Scale setting
Mechanical differential
Fig. 5
7. Data sheet Pressure switches and thermostats, type CAS
IC.PD.P10.G2.02 - 520B2358 7
Accessories
Part Description Qty. Code no.
Connector with nipple
Pipe thread ISO 228/1, G 3/8 connector, nipple and AL washer (10
mm ext. 8 mm int. diam) for solering onto steel or copper tubing, steel
span of jaws 22
5 017-436866
Connector with nipple
G 3/8 connector, nipple and washer (10 mm ext./ 6.5 mm int. diam.)
for welding, steel span of jaws 22
1 017-422966
Reducer
Pipe thread ISO 228/1, G 3/8 x 7/16 - 20 UNF reducer, washer, brass
span of jaws 22
5 017-420566
Adaptor
Pipe thread ISO 228/1, G 3/8 x 1/8 - 27 NPT with copper washer brass
span of jaws 22
1 060-333466
Adaptor
Pipe thread ISO 228/1, G 3/8 A x 1/4 - 18 NPT with copper washer brass
span of jaws 22
1 060-333566
Adaptor
Pipe thread ISO 228/1, G 3/8 x 1/4 - 18 NPT with copper washer brass
span of jaws 22
1 060-333666
Adaptor 7/16 - 20UNF x R 3/8 (ISO 7/1) brass, span of jaws 19 1 060-324066
Nipple
G 1/4 A x G 3/8 A 060-333266
G 1/4 A x ext. M10 x 1 with washer 060-333866
Damping coil
Pipe thread ISO 228/1, damping coil with G 3/8 connector and 1.5 m
copper capillary tube. Standard washers are supplied.
1 060-104766
Armoured damping coil
Pipe thread ISO 228/1, damping coil with G 3/8 connector and 1 m
copper capillary tube. Standard washers are supplied.
1 060-333366
8. 20 → 80 2.0 130 65 75 110 160 2 060L315166 CAS 178
70 → 120 2.0 220 65 75 110 160 2 060L315366 CAS 180
60 → 150 2.0 250 65 75 110 160 2 060L315566 CAS 181
8 IC.PD.P10.G2.02 - 520B2358
Data sheet Pressure switches and thermostats, type CAS
CAS thermostats are temperature-controlled
switches. The position of the contacts depends
on the temperature of the sensor and the set
scale value. In this series, special attention has
been given to meeting demands for a high level
of enclosure, robust and compact construction,
and resistance to shock and vibration.
Description The CAS series covers most outdoor as well as
indoor application requirements.
CAS thermostats are suitable for use in monitoring
and alarm systems in factories, diesel plant,
compressors, power stations and on board ship.
Technical data and ordering
CAS with remote sensor,
armoured capillary tube
Preferred version
When ordering, please state type and code number
Setting
range
°C
Mechanical
differential
adjustable /
fixed
°C
Max. sensor
temperature
°C
Suitable
sensor length
(see also
“Accessories”)
mm
Capillary
tube length
m
Code no. Type
Switch
Microswitch with single pole changeover (SPDT)
Contact load
Alternating current:
220 V, ~0,1 A, AC-14 and AC-15 (inductive load)
Direct current
125 V, 12W DC-13 (inductive load)
Ambient temperature
CAS 178,180 and 181: -25°C → +70°C
Vibration resistance
Vibration-stable in the range 2-30 Hz,
amplitude 1,1 mm and 30-100 Hz, 4 G.
Enclosure
IP 67 acc. to IEC 529 and DIN 40050.
The thermostat housing is enamelled pressure
die cast aluminium (GD-AISI 12). The cover is
fastened by four screws which are anchored to
prevent loss.
The enclosure can be sealed with fuse wire.
Cable entry
Pg 13.5 for cable diameters from 5 to 14 mm.
Identification
The type designation and code no. of the unit is
stamped in the side of the housing.
Approvals CE marked acc. to EN 60947-5-1
CCC, China Compulsory Certificate
Ship approvals American Bureau of Shipping, USA
Bureau Veritas, France
Det Norske Veritas, Norway
Germanischer Lloyd, Germany
Lloyd Register of Shipping, UK
Nippon Kaiji Kyokai, Japan
Registro Italiano Navale, Italy
RMRS, Maritime Register of Shipping, Russia
9. Data sheet Pressure switches and thermostats, type CAS
IC.PD.P10.G2.02 - 520B2358 9
Accessories: Sensor pockets for
thermostats
Sensor
pocket
A
mm
Thread
B
Code no. Sensor pocket A
mm
Thread
B
Code no.
Note: all sensor pockets are
supplied without gland nut,
gaskets and washes
Brass 65 ½ NPT 060L326566
Brass 75
75
75
75
½ NPT
G ½ A
G ¾ A
G ½ A (ISO 228/1)
060L326466
060L326266
060L326666
060L328166
Steel 18/8 75 G ½ A 060L326766
Brass 110
110
110
110
½ NPT
G ½ A
G ½ A (ISO 228/1)
G ¾ A (ISO 228/1)
060L328066
060L327166
060L340666
060L340366
Steel 18/8 110
110
G ½ A
½ NPT
060L326866
060L327066
Brass 160
160
G ½ A
G ¾ A (ISO 228/1)
060L326366
060L340566
Steel 18/8 160 G ½ A 060L326966
Brass 200
200
200
G ½ A
G ½ A (ISO 228/1)
G ¾ A (ISO 228/1)
060L320666
060L340866
060L340266
Steel 18/8 200
200
G ½ A
G ¾ A
060L323766
060L324866
Brass 250 G ½ A 060L325466
Brass 330 G ½ A 060L325566
Brass 400 G ½ A 060L325666
Other Accessories Description Qty./ unit Code no.
Clamping band For CAS thermostats with remote sensor (L = 392 mm) 10 017-420466
Heat conductive compound
(Tube with 4.5 cm3
)
For CAS with sensor fitted in a sensor pocket.
For filling sensor pocket to improve heat transfer
between pocket and sensor.
Application range for compound: -20 to +150 °C,
momentarily up to 220°C
1 041E0114
Dimensions and weight
CAS with remote sensor and 2 m armoured capillary tube
Weight: approx. 1.4 kg
10. CAS 178 20 → 80 2.5
CAS 180 70 → 120 2.4
CAS 181 60 → 150 3.7
10 IC.PD.P10.G2.02 - 520B2358
Data sheet Pressure switches and thermostats, type CAS
Location of unit: CAS thermostats are designed to
withstand the shocks that occur, for example, in
ships on compressors and in large machine
installations. CAS thermostats are fitted with a
base of 3 mm steel plate for fixing to bulkheads,
etc.
Resistance to media
Material specifications for sensor pockets.
Sensor pocket brass
The tube is made of Ms 72 to DIN 17660, the
threaded portion of So Ms 58 Pb to DIN 17661.
Sensor pocket, stainless steel 18/8
Material designation 1.4305 to DIN 17440.
Sensor position
As far as possible the sensor should be positioned
so that its longitudinal axis is at right angles to
the direction flow. The active part of the sensor is
Ø13 mm × 47.5 mm.
The medium
The fastest reaction is obtained from a medium
having high specific heat and high thermal
conductivity. It is therefore advantageous to use
a medium that fulfils these conditions (provided
there is a choice). The flow velocity of the
medium is also of significance. (The optimum
flow velocity for liquids is about 0.3 m/s).
For permissible media pressure see fig. 1.
Installation
Brass Stainless steel 18/8
Fig. 1
Permissible media pressure on the sensor
pocket as a function of temperature
Setting
When the thermostat cover is removed, and the
locking screw (3) fig. 2 is loosened, the range can
be set with the spindle (1) while at the same time
the scale (2) is being read.
Fig. 2
1. Range spindle
2. Range scale
3. Locking screw
Relative
scale
setting
in %
Type
Regulation
range
°C
Correction
factor a for
thermostats
Scale correction
The sensor on CAS thermostats contains an
adsorption charge. Therefore function is not
affected whether the sensor is placed warmer or
colder than the remaining part of the
thermostatic element (bellows and capillary
tube).
However, such a charge is to some extent
sensitive to changes in the temperature of
bellows and capillary tube. Under normal
conditions this is of no importance, but if the
thermostat is to be used in extreme ambient
temperatures there will be a scale deviation.
The deviation can be compensated for as follows:
Scale correction = Z × a
Z can be found from fig. 3, while a is the
correction factor from the table below.
(See example, page 11).
Fig. 3
Factor for scale
deviation
11. Data sheet Pressure switches and thermostats, type CAS
IC.PD.P10.G2.02 - 520B2358 11
Electrical connection
CAS thermostats are fitted with a Pg 13.5 screwed
cable entry suitable for cables from 5 to 14 mm.
Contact function, see fig. 4.
Fig. 4
Function Differentials
The mechanical differential is the differential
determined by the design of the thermostat. The
thermal differential (operating differential) is the
differential the system operates on.
The thermal differential is always greater than the
mechanical differential and depends on three
factors:
1) Medium flow velocity
2) Temperature change rate of the medium
3) Heat transmission to the sensor
Thermostat function
Contacts 1-4 make while contacts 1-2 break when
the temperature rises above the scale setting.
The contacts changeover to their initial position
when the temperature falls to the scale setting
minus the differential. See fig. 5.
Scale setting
Mechanical differential
Fig. 5
I. Alarm for rising temperature
given at range setting value.
II. Alarm for falling temperature
given at range setting value
minus the differential
Example 1
Diesel engine with cooling water temperature of
85°C (normal). An alarm must be triggered if the
cooling water temperature exceeds 95°C. Choose
a CAS thermostat 180 (range +70 to 120°C).
Main spindle setting: 95°C.
The required alarm function is obtained by
connecting to thermostat terminals 1-4.
Example 2
Find the necessary scale correction for a CAS 180.
Set +95°C at +50°C ambient temperature.
The relative scale setting Z can be calculated from
the following formula:
Setting value - min. scale value
max. scale value - min. scale value
x 100 = %
Relative scale setting: 95 - 70 x 100 = 50%
120 - 70
Factor for scale deviation Z fig. 3, Z ≅ 0.7
Correction factor a, see table page 10,
fig. 3 = 2.4.
Scale correction = Z x a = 0.7 x 2.4 = 1.7°C
CAS must be set at 95 + 1.7 = 96.7°C
12. ®DanfossA/S10-05/IC-MC/mr
Data sheet Pressure switches and thermostats, type CAS
12 IC.PD.P10.G2.02-520B2358
Conversion table
Pascal
(= Newton
per square
metre)
N/m2
)
PA
Pascal per
square mm
N/mm2
bar
Kilopound
per square
metre
(mm H2O)
kp/m2
Meter
water
gauge
m H2O
Technical
atmosphere
(kp/cm2
)
at
Physical
atmosphere
atm
Torr
(0°C)
mm Hg
Inches
Hg (0°C)
Poundforce
per square
inch
(lbf/in2
)
psi
1 Pa 1 10-6
10-5
0.1020 1.020 × 10-4
1.020 × 10-5
9.869 × 10-5
7.500 ×10-3
2.953 × 10-4
1.450 × 10-4
1 N/mm2
106
1 10 1.020 × 105
102.0 10.20 9.869 7.5 ×103
295.3 145.0
1 bar 105
0.1 1 10.197 ×103
10.20 1.020 0.9869 750 29.53 14.50
1 kp/m2
9.80665 9.807 × 10-6
9.807 × 10-5
1 10-3
10-4
0.9678 ×10-4
0.07355 2.896 × 10-3
1.422 × 10-3
1 m H2
O 9806.7 9.807 × 103
0.09807 1000 1 0.1 0.09678 73.55 2.896 1.422
1 at 98.066 ×103
0.09807 0.9807 104
10 1 0.9678 735.5 28.96 14.22
1 atm 101.325 ×103
0.1013 1.013 10.333 ×103
10.33 1.033 1 760 29.92 14.70
1 mm Hg 133.32 1.333 × 10-4
1.333 × 10-3
13.60 0.01360 1.360 × 10-3
1.315 × 10-3
1 0.03937 1.934 × 10-2
1 in Hg 3387 3.387 × 10-3
0.03387 345.3 0.3453 0.03453 0.03342 25.4 1 0.4912
1 psi 6895 6.895 × 10-3
0.06895 703.1 0.7031 0.07031 0.96804 51.71 2.036 1