1) Temperatures are projected to increase by 2-3°C and rainfall is expected to diminish and become more erratic in Africa's drylands, leading to declining crop yields of up to 20% and a doubling of population every 20 years. 2) The 1968-1973 drought in Niger resulted in a 30% drop in rainfall and strong degradation of natural resources and declining cereal yields of less than 400 kg/ha. 3) Agroforestry practices using Faidherbia albida trees have helped rehabilitate degraded land in Niger and Mali through techniques like zaï, demi-lunes, and management of on-farm forests.

1. ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN AFRICA’S DRYLANDS: FROM RESEARCH TO ACTION

2. STUDY AREAS

3. CONTEXT > Temperatures will increase (2-3° C?) > Rainfall will diminish and become more erratic Crop yields will decline ( - 20%?) Population will double every 20 years

4. Niger: 15 million inhabitants in 2010 30 million in 2030 (every day + 1500)

5. THE 1968 – 1973 DROUGHT ☹ A DROP IN RAINFALL OF 200 mm (about 30%) ☹ CHANGE IN RAINFALL CHARACTERISTICS ☹ STRONG DEGRADATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES ☹ LOW AND DECLINING CEREAL YIELDS (≤ 400 kg/ha)

6. Vegetation in Galma in 1975 and 2003 2003 1975

8. NEW agroforestry parklands in Zinder dominated by Faidherbia Albida

9. The Barahogon are responsible for managing these on-farm forests on Mali’s Seno plains

11. 1990 REHABILITATION OF BARREN LAND 2004 Demi lunes Combretum glutinosum Zaï Techniques simples Piliostigma reticulatum Impacts importants

12. In Batodi water levels in wells increased by 14 m in 10 years (1994 – 2004)

13. A FIELD REHABILITATED IN 1988 (O.Kindo)

14. THE SAME FIELD IN 2008/LE MEME CHAMP EN 2008

15. Natural regeneration in Tigray (about 1 million ha) and in Zinder (NIGER)

16. Natural regeneration and water harvesting upslope……

17. … .have recharged groundwater levels downslope……..

18. … and expanded irrigation

19. … which contributes to food security in drought years

20. African Re-greening Initiatives: build on existing successes in re-greening to adapt to climate change, improve food security……..

21. AFRICAN RE-GREENING INITIATIVES OPERATIONAL IN: BURKINA FASO (since June 2009) MALI (since June 2009) SOON OPERATIONAL IN: NIGER (2010) ETHIOPIA (2010)

22. Is it possible to improve the livelihoods of millions of farmers in Africa ? Yes, it is !!