The document discusses the shortcomings of conventional waste disposal methods such as landfilling and incineration, which pose environmental threats. It proposes innovative waste management strategies focusing on reducing, recycling, and reusing domestic waste while emphasizing source separation and community involvement. Furthermore, it highlights the need for public awareness and proactive municipal actions to improve solid waste management in developing economies.

1. Presented by:
Sayani Banerjee
11/CS/93
Anshuman Mahanty
11/CS/23

2.  As the conventional methods of waste disposal lead
towards an increasingly toxic environment, our
emphasis is to search for new and innovative
solutions.
 Our focus is to reduce, recycle and reuse common
domestic waste such as vegetable remains, plastic,
paper, wood, batteries etc. with the help of waste
itself.
 Current methods such as land-filling and incineration
pose a great threat to our surroundings and well-
being, thus the need to invoke inexpensive and easy
practices to manage our waste.

3.  Irresponsible and discriminate dumping leads to
heaps of waste acting as an attractant to germ-
carrying flies.
 Unhandled market waste harms soil quality and
emanates obnoxious odours acting as an air
contaminant.
 Plastic waste, being non-biodegradable in nature
is arguably the most threatening of all wastes. It
can lead to clogged drainages and a risk to the
health of stray cattle if ingested by them.

7. Accumulated garbage is loaded into tipper trucks and
carried to dumpyards called landfills.
Drawbacks:
Unscientific and discriminate method as it prevents
optimal extraction out of waste.
Proximate environment gets clogged with hazardous
chemicals and leachants.

8. Combustion of organic substances contained in
waste materials under high temperature is called
incineration.
Drawbacks:
 Only manages to reduce the waste quantitavely
without extracting anything useful out of it.
 Fumes from the burn act as an air contaminant.
 Leachate from the burnt refuse can enter the
groundwater.

10. ◦ Pre-sorting of the waste into categories such as dry/wet
ensures that a particular type of waste goes to the refinery
meant solely for it.
◦ To carry out source separation, municipalities should install
distinct community bins and carrier vans for each type of
waste so as to prevent mixing.
◦ Dry waste separated at source such as paper, glass, wood,
batteries etc. are very viable for recycling.
◦ Wet waste can be converted into fertilisers through aerobic
fermentation.

11. ◦ Remains and by-products of green organic waste
could be fed to cheap, unproductive cattle.
◦ Cow dung thus obtained serves as a top-notch
fertiliser equivalent to ‘black gold’ when stored
under perfect bacterial growth enhancing
conditions.
◦ As the procurement cost of unproductive cattle is
close to negligible, a very small investment
guarantees good returns.

12. ◦ Fish remains are a feed for ducks and are said to
increase their fertility by a factor of 1.5
◦ Because of this improved, qualitative and
productive yield, poultry farms could receive a big
boost .
◦ This also prevents fish waste from getting dumped
into landfills.

13. ◦ Washing and re-usage of household plastic within
the house itself.
◦ Replacement for coal and pitch for road-making
purposes. Roads thus made are durable and
inexpensive.
◦ Downcycling : Converting a plastic product into a
distinct lower-quality product, say reducing a
plastic milk carton into a plastic lumber.

14. ◦ Steep, unstable mini-mountains of waste lead to
multiplicative leachate accumulation, leachate
run-off into aquifers and explosion risk.
◦ To avoid this, garbage farming could be practiced
wherein the rich compost from landfills is used to
grow vegetables.
◦ Frequent levelling of the garbage mountain,
plantation and beautification can transform
landfill sites into recreational parks, as has
already been done in Israel.

15.  Solid waste management is a huge challenge
for developing economies.
 With the landscape running out of open
spaces, waste disposal becomes an even
bigger issue.
 What is needed is public awareness and a
proactive approach from municipalities.
 Smart waste disposal could liberate our air,
land and water resources from damage.