The document discusses various topics related to soil pollution and conservation efforts. It describes how soil is formed and its composition. Several causes of soil erosion are mentioned, including deforestation, poor farming methods, overgrazing, and mining. Agricultural practices like unskilled irrigation and excessive use of chemicals can also pollute soil. Methods of soil conservation discussed include maintaining soil fertility, controlling grazing, terracing, and reforestation. The importance of forests is outlined, noting their role in environmental quality, wildlife support, and providing commercial products. Reforestation programs have been implemented to help reduce pollution.

1. PRESENTATION ON SOIL POLLUTION BY- Priya Gandhi(P.D.I.M.T.R) Pranali Raut (P.D.I.M.T.R Pranita Giri (P.D.I.M.T.R) Guided by, Mr. Ashish Ghorpade tqma2z.blogspot.com

2. POLLUTION “ Any addition to air , water , soil & food that threatens the health , survival , capabilities or activities of humans or other living organisms is called pollution .”

3. LAND POLLUTION: The outer covering of the land is called “Lithosphere” which is formed by minerals organic matter ,water contained & air which is called “Soil”. Proportion of these components in soil are- 25% Organic matter 20-50% Water 10-25% Air 40-50%Minerals

4. Arable Land: 10% Permanent Crops:1% Permanent Pastures:26% Forest & Woodland:32% Urban Areas:1.5% Other:30% Irrigated Land:2,481,250km 2 Land Use

5. Causes Of Soil Erosion a)Natural Causes Of Soil Erosion: 1.Wind 2.Water b)Human Generated Causes: 1.Deforestation 2.Poor Fanning Method 3.Overgrazing 4.Mining

6. Soil Pollution Due To Agricultural Patterns Unskilled Irrigation Use of chemical fertilizers Use of pesticides

7. Soil Conservation : “ Soil Conservation means checking soil erosion & improving soil fertility.” METHODS:- Maintenance of soil fertility Control of Grazing Terracing Aforestation

8. SOIL DEGRADATION Soil Salination Soil Erosion Salinity From Drylands Salinity From Irrigation

9. REASONS OF DEFORESTATION a) Exploitation of Timber b) Fire Wood from Forest c) Shifting Cultivation

10. EFFECTS OF DEFORESTATION a)Soil Erosion b)Loss of Forest Product c)Disturbing Eco-System d)Micro Scale Consequences

11. SOLUSION OF DEFORESTATION a)Agro Forestry b) Social Forestry: 1.Farm Forestry 2.Community Plots 3.Forestry Plots c) Net Forestry Practices

12. AFORESTATION AFORESTATION A forestation restricts the soil run off and help to reduce the environmental pollution” The Central & State Government have launched several A forestation Programmes through out the country as a part of Forest Conservation Policy. The “Social Forestry Programmes “ was launched in 1976. The A forestation Programmes includes planting of new tress & protecting the existing ones.

13. FOREST Forest is complex ecological system in which trees are the dominant life form. Forest types are distinguished from each other according to species composition(which develops in part according to the age the forest),the density of tree cover type of soils found there & the geological history of the forest region.

14. IMPORTANCE OF FOREST 1)Forest improves the environment in many ways: Maintain life-supporting quality of the atmosphere Prevention of soil erosion Forest bring rain 2)Forest Support Wild Life 3)Forest Provide Commercial Products

15. Lumbering should be minimized.(Cutting of trees for timber) Prevention of forest fires. Control of insects, pests & diseases. Plantation of new tress. Preservation of wild animals. Forests , specially the national parks & Sanctuaries should be declared protected places. Cutting or damaging tree has been made a legal offense in most urban areas.

16. Thank You….