Deforestation involves the removal of forests to clear land for human development like agriculture and settlement. It occurs mainly due to increasing population and food demands, cultivation of land, overgrazing, fuel wood collection, timber extraction, and mining. Deforestation leads to negative environmental impacts such as soil erosion, disruption of the water cycle, loss of biodiversity, increased flooding, and climate change by releasing stored carbon. While Sri Lanka had extensive deforestation, it has implemented successful conservation measures and reduced its deforestation rates. Prevention efforts include planting trees, reducing waste, sustainable farming and harvesting, and increasing environmental awareness.

1. Deforestation

2. What is deforestation?
• Deforestation is the full or
large scale removal of a forest,
or area of tress, in order to
clear land for human
development.
Deforestation
• is the direct or indirect
human-induced conversion of
forested land to non-forested
land

5. How does it
happen?

6. Agriculture
• Population Food
As our population increases, we need
more land to grow crops and food to
feed the people.
http://www.grazulis.com/northwest/images/forest.jpg •http://www.green.net.au/quoll/forests/after.jpg http://www.miamidade.gov/filmiami/gallery/farms_ranches/agriculture/Agriculture6952FE.jpg

7. Cultivation
Countries clear large areas
of land so that they can
grow and develop them.
Nutrients depleted
 fertility of soil is exhausted
due to repeated cropping,
a natural forest area is
destroyed.

8. Overgrazing
Overgrazing in forests
destroyes newly
regenerated growth. It
also makes soil more
compact and impervious.
Overgrazing also
accelerates the soil
erosion.

9. Fuel wood
People living near forests
get fuel wood
charcoal for cooking and
heating
uses such as keeping the
fire on for warmth at night

10. Forest fires
Frequent fires are
the major cause of
destruction of
forests.
Some fires are
incidental while the
majority of them
are deliberate.

11. Timber
Timber and plywood
industries are mainly
responsible for the
destruction of forest
trees.
Thus the increases
demand for timber led
to a rapid depl- etion
of forest.

12. Forest diseases
Many diseases caused by
parasitic fungi, rusts,viruses
cause death and decay of
forest plants.
Diseases such as heart
rot,blister rust,oak
wilt,phloem necrosis and
Dutch elm diseases etc
damage the forest in large
numbers.

13. Land slides
Deforestation due to land
slides in the hills is of
great
developmental activities
were in progress for past
few decades.

14. Acid Rain

15. Mining
Exploitation

16. What are the Effects of
Deforestation?
Erosion of Soil
When forest areas are
cleared, it results in exposing the
soil to the sun, making it very dry
and eventually, infertile, due to
volatile nutrients such as
nitrogen being lost.

18. Disruption of the Water Cycle
Trees contribute in a large way in
maintaining the water cycle. They draw
up water via their roots, which is then
released into the atmosphere. A large
part of the water that circulates in the
ecosystem of rainforests, for instance,
remains inside the plants. When these
trees are cut down it results in the
climate getting drier in that area.

19. Loss of Biodiversity
Due to massive deforestation, about 50 to
100 species of animals are being lost each day.
The outcome of which is the extinction of
animals and plants on a massive scale.

20. Flooding
One of the vital functions of forests is to
absorb and store great amounts of water quickly
when there are heavy rains. When forests are
cut down, this regulation of the flow of water is
disrupted, which leads to alternating periods of
flood.

21. Climate Change
When deforestation occurs, many of the
trees are burnt or they are allowed to rot, which
results in releasing the carbon that is stored in
them as carbon dioxide. This, in turn, leads to
greater concentrations of carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere.

22. DEFORESTATION IN SRI LANKA
Deforestation is one of the most serious
environmental issues in Sri Lanka. In
the 1920s, the island had a 49 percent
forest cover but by 2005 this had fallen
by approximately 20 percent. However
with a long history of policy and laws
towards environmental protection,
deforestation rates of primary cover
have actually decreased 35% since the
end of the 1990s thanks to a strong
history of conservation measures.

23. How to prevent
deforestation:
1. Plant trees and begin doing this in
your yard. Trees also help in
containing water in its roots.
2. Use recycled items such as books or
pad paper, toilet paper, even
shopping bags. If you can, do not
waste any of these products so that
no new raw material would be
required to replace them.

24. 3. If you are a farmer try to rotate your
crops.
4. Cut down only the mature trees. Do
not kill baby trees.
5. Join environmental awareness groups
that would help you be an advocate of
reforestation.
6. Instead of using firewood, use coals to
heat up your fireplaces during the
winter season. Remember that it takes
only a few hours to consume the

25. Let’s all prevent
Deforestation!