Presentation on simple os
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This is the presentation on Simple OS(Operating System). A simple project explaining the Master and Slave Mode in Operating System was done using C programming language. This presentation is of the same work. For code; you can contact at: znithraee9841@outlook.com
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The document discusses the differences between user mode and kernel mode in operating systems. It explains that processors run in two modes: user mode which has restricted access, and kernel mode which has full access to hardware. When a process requires hardware resources, it makes a system call that switches the processor to kernel mode. After the kernel completes the task, it switches back to user mode. The key difference is that user mode processes are isolated from the system for security, while kernel mode has direct control over hardware. Real-time operating systems are also discussed, which must guarantee response times, unlike non-real-time systems which are non-deterministic.
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This document discusses operating systems. It defines an operating system as software that controls computer resources and provides an interface between applications and hardware. It describes the main types of operating systems as simple batch systems, time-sharing systems, and network operating systems. The document also outlines the main functions of an operating system as application management, input/output management, device management, CPU management, and hardware management. It briefly mentions the structures of operating systems and lists some popular examples including Windows 7, Ubuntu, Linux, Mac, and Windows 10.
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The boot process for an x86 system involves the system BIOS checking the system and launching the first stage boot loader from the MBR. The first stage boot loader then loads the second stage boot loader from the /boot/ partition. The second stage boot loader loads the kernel into memory, which loads modules and mounts the root partition read-only before transferring control to the /sbin/init program.
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The document discusses the differences between user mode and kernel mode in operating systems. It explains that processors run in two modes: user mode which has restricted access, and kernel mode which has full access to hardware. When a process requires hardware resources, it makes a system call that switches the processor to kernel mode. After the kernel completes the task, it switches back to user mode. The key difference is that user mode processes are isolated from the system for security, while kernel mode has direct control over hardware. Real-time operating systems are also discussed, which must guarantee response times, unlike non-real-time systems which are non-deterministic.
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Boot
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- SMP systems involve two or more identical processors connected to a single shared memory, controlled by a single operating system instance that treats all processors equally.
- Any processor can execute any thread, including kernel code, applications, and interrupts, allowing full exploitation of each processor's capabilities.
- Scalability tests show the algorithm running with different matrix sizes on an SMP system with four 6 GFLOPS performance cores. Performance increases from 1 to 4 threads as more cores are utilized.
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This document discusses caching and the SMRR mechanism introduced by Intel to prevent cache poisoning attacks on SMRAM. It explains that:
1) Memory caching types like write-back can allow data in CPU caches to be modified without writing to physical memory.
2) Early researchers exploited this to poison SMRAM caches and gain unauthorized access to protected memory.
3) Intel addressed this with the System Management Range Register (SMRR) that defines a restricted memory range for SMRAM and prevents caching of that memory when not in SMM.
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This document discusses multiprogramming and time sharing. Multiprogramming allows a single processor to execute multiple programs simultaneously by having several processes reside in memory at once and switching between them when one is waiting for I/O. Time sharing extends this by dividing processor time into slices and allocating them fairly among competing jobs, enabling interactive processing where users do not have to wait. The degree of multiprogramming, or number of processes, can increase CPU utilization as it decreases the probability that all are waiting on I/O at once. Advantages include efficient memory usage, increased throughput, and high processor utilization.
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1) An operating system acts as an interface between users and hardware, allowing for convenient and efficient usage of resources while providing information protection and parallel processing.
2) Operating systems include components for job scheduling, simultaneous CPU execution and I/O handling, and offline processing to avoid wasted CPU cycles.
3) Other characteristics of operating systems include time sharing, multiprocessing, distributed systems, and supporting real-time applications with rapid response times.
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SA_IT241_3
WHAT ARE THE SECURITY VIOLATION CATEGORIES?
1. Breach of confidentiality: unauthorized reading of data.
2. Breach of integrity: unauthorized modification of data.
3. Breach of availability: unauthorized destruction of data.
4. Theft of service: unauthorized use of resources.
5. Denial of Service(DOS): Prevention of legitimate use.
WHAT ARE THE SECURITY VIOLATION METHODS?
1. Masquerading (authentication breach): pretending to be an authorized user.
2. Replay Attack: Replaying the same message or adding a modification to it.
3. Man-in-the-middle attack: intruder sits in data flow, masquerading as sender to receiver and vice versa.
4. Session hijacking: intercepting a session which is already on going to by-pass authentication.
5. Privilege escalation: A really Common attack, access of resources that a user is not supposed to have.
WHAT ARE THE OTHER VARIATIONS OF HYPERVISORS?
1. Paravirtualization: guest OS is modified to work with VMM.
2. Programming-environment virtualization: VMMS do not virtualize hardware which creates optimized virtual system (Used by Oracle Java and Microsoft.Net).
3. Emulators: Allows applications written for one hardware to run on different hardware environments.
4. Application Containment: Not virtualization but, provides features like it by segregating application making them more secure and manageable.
Oracle Solaris Zones, BSD Jails, IBM AIX WPARs.
• Much variation is due to breadth, depth, and importance of virtualization.
WHAT ARE THE STEPS OF LIVE MIGRATION?
1. VMM start connection with the target VMM.
2. Target created a new guest (by creating a new VCPU).
3. VMM sends read-only files to target VMM.
4. VMM sends read-write files to target VMM.
5. Repeat 4 unit done as not all read-write data can be sent (could be a dirty read).
6. If step 4 and 5 becomes very short then, VMM freezes guest, send remaining stuff.
7. Target starts running the freezed guest.
WHAT ARE THE REASONS FOR DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS?
1. Resource sharing
Sharing files, information, printing.
Using remote GPUs.
2. Computation speedup
dsitribute processing needed to multicomputers.
Load balancing: moving jobs to more lightly-laoded sites.
3. Reliability: detect and recover failurs.
WHAT ARE THE WIDELY USED ARCHITECTURES?
1. Client-server model.
2. Cluster-based model.
WHAT ARE THE CHALLENGES?
1. Naming and transparency.
2. Remote file access.
3. Caching and caching consistency.
WHAT WAS GFS WAS INFLUNECNED BY?
1. Hardware failure should be expected routinely.
2. Most files are changed by appending new data (rather than overwriting existing data).
3. Modularized software layer MapReduce sit on top of GFS to carry out large-scale parallel computations.
WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF DISK CACHES?
1. Reliable
2. Cached data kept on disk do not need to be fetched again while recovery.
ADVANTAGES OF MAIN MEMORY CACHES?
1. Can make workstations diskless.
2. Quicker data access.
3. Performance speed up in bigger memories.
4. Server c
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The document discusses kernel mode and user mode in operating systems. It defines the kernel as the core software that manages computer resources and allows users to share them. The kernel can interact directly with hardware and runs with privileged access, while user applications run in user mode with restrictions to prevent crashes. A process switches from user to kernel mode by making a system call to access privileged resources like hardware, files or memory. Interrupts from devices can also trigger a switch to kernel mode to handle the interrupt.
Microkernel
This document discusses microkernel operating system design. It begins by explaining the differences between kernel mode and user mode. It then describes different approaches to system structure, including monolithic, layered, and microkernel designs. The main advantages of microkernels are that they improve reliability, security, and extensibility by running most operating system services outside the kernel in user space. Specific microkernel-based operating systems mentioned include Mach, QNX, MINIX 3, and Apple MacOS Server.
OPERATING__SYSTEM_PROCESS.pptx
This document discusses operating system processes. It defines a process as the basic unit of work in a system. It describes different process states including ready queues that hold processes waiting to execute and device queues for processes blocked waiting for I/O. It also covers conditions that require context switching like multitasking and interrupt handling. The importance of process creation and termination is discussed as well as the differences between processes and threads.
Operating System.ppt
An operating system (OS) is a fundamental software component that manages and controls computer hardware and provides a platform for running other software applications. It acts as an intermediary between the hardware and the user applications, ensuring that hardware resources are utilized efficiently and that users can interact with the computer in a user-friendly manner. Here are some of the key functions and components of an operating system:
Process Management: The OS manages processes, which are individual programs or tasks running on the computer. It allocates CPU time, memory, and other resources to these processes and ensures they run smoothly.
Memory Management: The OS controls the allocation and deallocation of memory resources, ensuring that each process gets the required amount of memory and that memory is efficiently used.
File System Management: It manages the storage and retrieval of data on storage devices, such as hard drives and solid-state drives. This includes file creation, deletion, and organization.
Device Management: The OS communicates with and manages hardware devices like keyboards, mice, printers, and network adapters. It provides drivers to enable these devices to work with the computer.
User Interface: The OS provides a user interface, which can be a command-line interface (CLI) or a graphical user interface (GUI), to enable users to interact with the computer and its applications.
Security and Access Control: Operating systems implement security mechanisms to protect data and resources. This includes user authentication, file permissions, and encryption.
Networking: The OS facilitates network communication, allowing computers to connect to the internet and interact with other devices on a network.
Error Handling: It monitors the system for errors and hardware failures and provides error messages or takes appropriate actions to prevent system crashes.
Unit 2_OS process management
This document discusses process management in operating systems. It covers key topics like process control blocks, scheduling queues, types of schedulers (long-term, short-term, medium-term), context switching, multithreading models (many-to-one, one-to-one, many-to-many), and scheduling algorithms. The document provides details on how operating systems manage processes and computer resources to ensure efficient execution of programs.
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Virtualization allows multiple operating systems to run on a single physical machine by dividing the machine's resources virtually. It works by applying hardware and software partitioning to create isolated execution environments for each virtual system. There are different types of virtualization functions such as sharing, aggregating, emulating, and insulating virtual resources. While virtualization started on mainframes to improve resource utilization, modern virtualization aims to address challenges like rising infrastructure costs and insufficient disaster protection. Virtualization abstracts computer resources and separates privilege levels through defined interfaces, but this also introduces constraints that virtualization aims to overcome.
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This document discusses multiprogramming and time sharing in operating systems. It defines multiprogramming as allowing multiple programs to execute concurrently by assigning pending work to idle processors and I/O devices. Time sharing extends multiprogramming by rapidly switching between programs so that each program executes for a fixed time quantum, giving users the impression that the entire system is dedicated to their use. The key aspects covered are the concepts of processes, CPU scheduling, and how multiprogramming and time sharing improve resource utilization.
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An operating system coordinates activities between computer hardware, provides means for users to communicate with the computer and software, and manages computer resources. There are multi-user operating systems that allow multiple users to access a computer at once and single-user systems that allow one user but multiple programs. Operating systems features include time sharing to allocate portions of time to jobs, multiprocessing to run programs simultaneously, distributed systems to share jobs across networked computers, and real-time systems to perform tasks within time constraints. Common operating systems include Windows, Mac OS, and the goals of operating systems are efficient hardware use and easy resource access.
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This document discusses symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) systems. Key points:
- SMP systems involve two or more identical processors connected to a single shared memory, controlled by a single operating system instance that treats all processors equally.
- Any processor can execute any thread, including kernel code, applications, and interrupts, allowing full exploitation of each processor's capabilities.
- Scalability tests show the algorithm running with different matrix sizes on an SMP system with four 6 GFLOPS performance cores. Performance increases from 1 to 4 threads as more cores are utilized.
Smm and caching
This document discusses caching and the SMRR mechanism introduced by Intel to prevent cache poisoning attacks on SMRAM. It explains that:
1) Memory caching types like write-back can allow data in CPU caches to be modified without writing to physical memory.
2) Early researchers exploited this to poison SMRAM caches and gain unauthorized access to protected memory.
3) Intel addressed this with the System Management Range Register (SMRR) that defines a restricted memory range for SMRAM and prevents caching of that memory when not in SMM.
Multiprogramming×haring
This document discusses multiprogramming and time sharing. Multiprogramming allows a single processor to execute multiple programs simultaneously by having several processes reside in memory at once and switching between them when one is waiting for I/O. Time sharing extends this by dividing processor time into slices and allocating them fairly among competing jobs, enabling interactive processing where users do not have to wait. The degree of multiprogramming, or number of processes, can increase CPU utilization as it decreases the probability that all are waiting on I/O at once. Advantages include efficient memory usage, increased throughput, and high processor utilization.
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The document provides an overview of operating systems with the following key points:
1) An operating system acts as an interface between users and hardware, allowing for convenient and efficient usage of resources while providing information protection and parallel processing.
2) Operating systems include components for job scheduling, simultaneous CPU execution and I/O handling, and offline processing to avoid wasted CPU cycles.
3) Other characteristics of operating systems include time sharing, multiprocessing, distributed systems, and supporting real-time applications with rapid response times.
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This document proposes hardware-aware thread scheduling on asymmetric multicore processors like the AMD Bulldozer. It presents a workload characterization technique using hardware performance counters to identify threads that are floating-point intensive. An optimized scheduler then performs scheduling decisions based on hardware resource usage and workload characterization to improve occupancy of processing units on Bulldozer chips. Evaluation on SPEC CPU2006 and SciMark2.0 benchmarks shows the approach improves performance over default OS scheduling by better distributing integer and floating-point workloads across the cores.
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The operating system is software that enables all programs to run by organizing and controlling the hardware resources and providing interfaces. It manages processes, memory, storage devices, and input/output. Operating systems have evolved from simple batch processing systems to today's multiprogramming, time-sharing, and distributed systems that allow many processes to run concurrently while sharing resources. The operating system acts as an interface between programs, hardware, and users.
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The document discusses the CPU cycle and its components. The CPU, which executes programs stored in memory, consists of an arithmetic logic unit, control unit, and registers. It performs two phases - instruction and execution. In the instruction phase it fetches and decodes instructions, while the execution phase carries out the instruction and stores results. Various measures gauge processing speed like clock speed and multiprocessing improves it by executing instructions simultaneously. Main memory provides the CPU a working storage area for programs and data in forms like RAM, ROM, and cache.
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Similar to Presentation on simple os
1_to_10.pdf
SA_IT241_3
WHAT ARE THE SECURITY VIOLATION CATEGORIES?
1. Breach of confidentiality: unauthorized reading of data.
2. Breach of integrity: unauthorized modification of data.
3. Breach of availability: unauthorized destruction of data.
4. Theft of service: unauthorized use of resources.
5. Denial of Service(DOS): Prevention of legitimate use.
WHAT ARE THE SECURITY VIOLATION METHODS?
1. Masquerading (authentication breach): pretending to be an authorized user.
2. Replay Attack: Replaying the same message or adding a modification to it.
3. Man-in-the-middle attack: intruder sits in data flow, masquerading as sender to receiver and vice versa.
4. Session hijacking: intercepting a session which is already on going to by-pass authentication.
5. Privilege escalation: A really Common attack, access of resources that a user is not supposed to have.
WHAT ARE THE OTHER VARIATIONS OF HYPERVISORS?
1. Paravirtualization: guest OS is modified to work with VMM.
2. Programming-environment virtualization: VMMS do not virtualize hardware which creates optimized virtual system (Used by Oracle Java and Microsoft.Net).
3. Emulators: Allows applications written for one hardware to run on different hardware environments.
4. Application Containment: Not virtualization but, provides features like it by segregating application making them more secure and manageable.
Oracle Solaris Zones, BSD Jails, IBM AIX WPARs.
• Much variation is due to breadth, depth, and importance of virtualization.
WHAT ARE THE STEPS OF LIVE MIGRATION?
1. VMM start connection with the target VMM.
2. Target created a new guest (by creating a new VCPU).
3. VMM sends read-only files to target VMM.
4. VMM sends read-write files to target VMM.
5. Repeat 4 unit done as not all read-write data can be sent (could be a dirty read).
6. If step 4 and 5 becomes very short then, VMM freezes guest, send remaining stuff.
7. Target starts running the freezed guest.
WHAT ARE THE REASONS FOR DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS?
1. Resource sharing
Sharing files, information, printing.
Using remote GPUs.
2. Computation speedup
dsitribute processing needed to multicomputers.
Load balancing: moving jobs to more lightly-laoded sites.
3. Reliability: detect and recover failurs.
WHAT ARE THE WIDELY USED ARCHITECTURES?
1. Client-server model.
2. Cluster-based model.
WHAT ARE THE CHALLENGES?
1. Naming and transparency.
2. Remote file access.
3. Caching and caching consistency.
WHAT WAS GFS WAS INFLUNECNED BY?
1. Hardware failure should be expected routinely.
2. Most files are changed by appending new data (rather than overwriting existing data).
3. Modularized software layer MapReduce sit on top of GFS to carry out large-scale parallel computations.
WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF DISK CACHES?
1. Reliable
2. Cached data kept on disk do not need to be fetched again while recovery.
ADVANTAGES OF MAIN MEMORY CACHES?
1. Can make workstations diskless.
2. Quicker data access.
3. Performance speed up in bigger memories.
4. Server c
Kernel mode vs user mode in linux
The document discusses kernel mode and user mode in operating systems. It defines the kernel as the core software that manages computer resources and allows users to share them. The kernel can interact directly with hardware and runs with privileged access, while user applications run in user mode with restrictions to prevent crashes. A process switches from user to kernel mode by making a system call to access privileged resources like hardware, files or memory. Interrupts from devices can also trigger a switch to kernel mode to handle the interrupt.
Microkernel
This document discusses microkernel operating system design. It begins by explaining the differences between kernel mode and user mode. It then describes different approaches to system structure, including monolithic, layered, and microkernel designs. The main advantages of microkernels are that they improve reliability, security, and extensibility by running most operating system services outside the kernel in user space. Specific microkernel-based operating systems mentioned include Mach, QNX, MINIX 3, and Apple MacOS Server.
OPERATING__SYSTEM_PROCESS.pptx
This document discusses operating system processes. It defines a process as the basic unit of work in a system. It describes different process states including ready queues that hold processes waiting to execute and device queues for processes blocked waiting for I/O. It also covers conditions that require context switching like multitasking and interrupt handling. The importance of process creation and termination is discussed as well as the differences between processes and threads.
Operating System.ppt
An operating system (OS) is a fundamental software component that manages and controls computer hardware and provides a platform for running other software applications. It acts as an intermediary between the hardware and the user applications, ensuring that hardware resources are utilized efficiently and that users can interact with the computer in a user-friendly manner. Here are some of the key functions and components of an operating system:
Process Management: The OS manages processes, which are individual programs or tasks running on the computer. It allocates CPU time, memory, and other resources to these processes and ensures they run smoothly.
Memory Management: The OS controls the allocation and deallocation of memory resources, ensuring that each process gets the required amount of memory and that memory is efficiently used.
File System Management: It manages the storage and retrieval of data on storage devices, such as hard drives and solid-state drives. This includes file creation, deletion, and organization.
Device Management: The OS communicates with and manages hardware devices like keyboards, mice, printers, and network adapters. It provides drivers to enable these devices to work with the computer.
User Interface: The OS provides a user interface, which can be a command-line interface (CLI) or a graphical user interface (GUI), to enable users to interact with the computer and its applications.
Security and Access Control: Operating systems implement security mechanisms to protect data and resources. This includes user authentication, file permissions, and encryption.
Networking: The OS facilitates network communication, allowing computers to connect to the internet and interact with other devices on a network.
Error Handling: It monitors the system for errors and hardware failures and provides error messages or takes appropriate actions to prevent system crashes.
Unit 2_OS process management
This document discusses process management in operating systems. It covers key topics like process control blocks, scheduling queues, types of schedulers (long-term, short-term, medium-term), context switching, multithreading models (many-to-one, one-to-one, many-to-many), and scheduling algorithms. The document provides details on how operating systems manage processes and computer resources to ensure efficient execution of programs.
Kernel | Operating System
The document discusses the kernel of an operating system. It defines the kernel as the core component where the OS code and functionality lies. It is responsible for scheduling processes and allocating memory. The responsibilities of the kernel include device management, handling system calls, memory management, and process management. Kernel mode allows privileged access to hardware while user mode restricts this for security. The dual mode architecture prevents user programs from interfering with the OS or other processes.
Presentation operating system
The document discusses an operating system topic presented by the Ethernet group consisting of three members. It defines an operating system as the set of programs that controls a computer and provides an interface between the user and hardware. The functions of an operating system include process management, memory management, file management, and security management. It also discusses the differences between user mode and kernel mode in an operating system.
How Operating system works.
This Tutorial will provide you information on working of operating system. Main topics are following and further sub-topics are discussed in detail.
1. Kernel Architecture.
2. Initialization of operating system.
3. Process of operating system.
4. Management in operating system.
5. File system.
6.Security in operating system.
7.Interface in operating System.
System structure
The document discusses system structure using a layered approach. It describes how systems are organized into layers, with each layer built upon the one below it. An interface separates each pair of adjacent layers. Typical layers consist of data structures and routines that higher layers can invoke, while lower layers provide operations to the layer above. This modular approach simplifies debugging and verification. The document also discusses microkernel architecture, which assigns only essential functions like address space and scheduling to the kernel. Virtual machines provide a simulated hardware interface identical to the underlying hardware.
Xvisor: embedded and lightweight hypervisor
Xvisor is an open source lightweight hypervisor for ARM architectures. It uses a technique called cpatch to modify guest operating system binaries, replacing privileged instructions with hypercalls. This allows the guest OS to run without privileges in user mode under the hypervisor. Xvisor also implements virtual CPU and memory management to isolate guest instances and virtualize physical resources for multiple operating systems.
Computer system architecture
This document discusses computer system architecture and operating system structures. It covers single and multiprocessor systems, including symmetric and asymmetric multiprocessing. It also discusses clustered systems, operating system operations like interrupts and dual mode, and system calls. Finally, it discusses user interfaces like command line and graphical user interfaces, and simple operating system structures.
What is an Operating Systems?
The document provides an introduction to operating systems, describing their goals and functions. It discusses the components of a computer system including hardware, operating system, application programs, and users. It then describes what operating systems do from different perspectives, such as managing shared resources efficiently. The rest of the document outlines some key operating system concepts like process management, memory management, file system management, and how interrupts, multiprogramming, and multitasking work.
opearating system notes mumbai university.pptx
This document provides information on real time operating systems and their key characteristics:
- A real time operating system (RTOS) ensures that critical processes receive the required system resources within strict time constraints. It prioritizes tasks based on their importance and timing needs.
- An RTOS has deterministic behavior to guarantee processes are completed on time. It aims to provide a response to external events within their deadline. This makes it suitable for applications like robotics and vehicle control systems that require timely processing.
- Key features of an RTOS include process prioritization, preemptive multitasking, small memory footprint, fast interrupt response, and deterministic scheduling algorithms.
Os
BITS 1213 Operating System
- Process
- Thread
- Symmetric Multi Processing
- Microkernel
Authors:
Alauddin Maulana Hirzan B031310530
Muhammad Syaifur Rohman B031310522
Aditya Pradana B031310524
Wendy Sarasjati B031310528
Soraya Arum B031310523
Unit 2 ca- control unit
The document discusses different types of control systems for CPUs, including hardwired and microprogrammed control. It explains that microprogrammed control uses sequences of microinstructions stored in memory to interpret instructions, allowing for more flexibility than hardwired control. The execute cycle is categorized into four groups of actions: CPU-memory transfers, CPU-I/O transfers, data processing, and control alterations. Microinstructions are organized into fields that activate control signals, and the main concerns in microinstruction sequencing design are microinstruction size and address generation time.
Computer_Organization and architecture _unit 1.pptx
The CPU or central processing unit is the brain of the computer and performs data processing. It has three main components - the arithmetic logical unit (ALU) which performs calculations, the control unit which directs operations, and registers which temporarily store data. The CPU fetches instructions from memory, decodes them, executes the operations, and stores the results. It has different modes like user mode for programs and supervisor mode for the operating system kernel. Interrupts can cause a break in program execution from events internal or external to the CPU. Computer instructions vary between complex instruction set computers (CISCs) and reduced instruction set computers (RISCs).
OPERATING SYSTEM - SHORT NOTES
The document discusses various topics related to operating systems including:
- An operating system manages computer hardware and acts as an intermediary between users and the computer. It allocates resources and controls programs to prevent errors.
- The kernel is the core of the operating system that runs at all times. Batch systems allow jobs to run without user interaction. Multiprogramming and time-sharing increase CPU utilization by switching between multiple programs.
- Multiprocessor systems have multiple CPUs to improve performance. Process management, memory management, and protection systems are core components of most operating systems.
CPU Scheduling Criteria CPU Scheduling Criteria (1).pptx
The document discusses key concepts related to CPU scheduling in operating systems. It defines CPU scheduling and its purpose of allowing concurrent process execution. It describes the criteria used for scheduling algorithms and their evaluation. It also explains the different states a process can be in, including new, ready, running, blocked/wait, and terminated. The types of schedulers - long term, short term, and medium term - and their different objectives and functions are outlined as well.
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みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの？40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの？えこ...
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みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの？40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの？えこ...
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Presentation on simple os
- 1. PRESENTATION ON SIMPLE OS PRESENTED BY: BIJAY RAI BSC.CSIT 3RD SEMESTER
- 2. CONTENTS •Batch Processing •Block diagram of simple OS •Instruction cycle •Master & Slave Mode •Switching between 2 modes
- 3. BATCH PROCESSING • Execution a series of non- interactive jobs all at one time without manual intervention • It can shift the time of job processing to when the computing resources are less busy so that it avoids the idling of Computer resources. • It loads one user program in the memory at a time for execution so it is also called Uni-Programmed Operating system.
- 4. OS MODEL
- 5. Instruction Cycle : Fetch Cycle =>Instruction is fetched from the memory to be executed. =>Then decoding is performed. Decode Cycle =>Fetched instruction is decoded to be meaningful for operation. Execute Cycle =>Operation is then performed according to instruction
- 6. MASTER & SLAVE MODE Master Mode Master mode also known as Kernel mode has complete access to all the hardware and can execute any instruction the machine is capable of executing. When the CPU is in Master mode, it is assumed to be executing trusted software, and thus it can execute any instructions and reference any memory addresses. Only core operating system components run in kernel mode. Slave Mode Slave mode also known as User mode must request kernel by means of a system call in order to perform privileged instructions, such as process creation or input/output operations. In user mode, only subset of machine instruction is available. Crashes in user mode does not have much affect as in Kernel mode.
- 7. SWITCHING BETWEEN 2 MODES • All processes begin execution in user mode, and they switch to kernel mode only when obtaining a service provided by the kernel. • User mode switches to kernel mode when process face up a situation where it has not privilege to perform further and need to switch to Kernel mode. • When the kernel has satisfied the request by a process, it returns the process to user mode.