Overview - Functions of an Operating System – Design Approaches – Types of Advanced
Operating System - Synchronization Mechanisms – Concept of a Process, Concurrent
Processes – The Critical Section Problem, Other Synchronization Problems – Language
Mechanisms for Synchronization – Axiomatic Verification of Parallel Programs - Process
Deadlocks - Preliminaries – Models of Deadlocks, Resources, System State – Necessary and
Sufficient conditions for a Deadlock – Systems with Single-Unit Requests, Consumable
Resources, Reusable Resources.
UNIT IV FILE SYSTEMS AND I/O SYSTEMS 9
Mass Storage system – Overview of Mass Storage Structure, Disk Structure, Disk Scheduling and Management, swap space management; File-System Interface – File concept, Access methods, Directory Structure, Directory organization, File system mounting, File Sharing and Protection; File System Implementation- File System Structure, Directory implementation, Allocation Methods, Free Space Management, Efficiency and Performance, Recovery; I/O Systems – I/O Hardware, Application I/O interface, Kernel I/O subsystem, Streams, Performance.
Unit I
Computer System Overview-Basic Elements, Instruction Execution, Interrupts, Memory Hierarchy, Cache Memory, Direct Memory Access, Multiprocessor and Multicore Organization. Operating system overview-objectives and functions, Evolution of Operating System.- Computer System OrganizationOperating System Structure and Operations- System Calls, System Programs, OS Generation and System Boot.
UNIT I OPERATING SYSTEM OVERVIEW
Computer System Overview-Basic Elements, Instruction Execution, Interrupts, Memory Hierarchy, Cache Memory, Direct Memory Access, Multiprocessor and Multicore Organization. Operating system overview-objectives and functions, Evolution of Operating System.- Computer System Organization Operating System Structure and Operations- System Calls, System Programs, OS Generation and System Boot.
Overview - Functions of an Operating System – Design Approaches – Types of Advanced
Operating System - Synchronization Mechanisms – Concept of a Process, Concurrent
Processes – The Critical Section Problem, Other Synchronization Problems – Language
Mechanisms for Synchronization – Axiomatic Verification of Parallel Programs - Process
Deadlocks - Preliminaries – Models of Deadlocks, Resources, System State – Necessary and
Sufficient conditions for a Deadlock – Systems with Single-Unit Requests, Consumable
Resources, Reusable Resources.
UNIT IV FILE SYSTEMS AND I/O SYSTEMS 9
Mass Storage system – Overview of Mass Storage Structure, Disk Structure, Disk Scheduling and Management, swap space management; File-System Interface – File concept, Access methods, Directory Structure, Directory organization, File system mounting, File Sharing and Protection; File System Implementation- File System Structure, Directory implementation, Allocation Methods, Free Space Management, Efficiency and Performance, Recovery; I/O Systems – I/O Hardware, Application I/O interface, Kernel I/O subsystem, Streams, Performance.
Unit I
Computer System Overview-Basic Elements, Instruction Execution, Interrupts, Memory Hierarchy, Cache Memory, Direct Memory Access, Multiprocessor and Multicore Organization. Operating system overview-objectives and functions, Evolution of Operating System.- Computer System OrganizationOperating System Structure and Operations- System Calls, System Programs, OS Generation and System Boot.
UNIT I OPERATING SYSTEM OVERVIEW
Computer System Overview-Basic Elements, Instruction Execution, Interrupts, Memory Hierarchy, Cache Memory, Direct Memory Access, Multiprocessor and Multicore Organization. Operating system overview-objectives and functions, Evolution of Operating System.- Computer System Organization Operating System Structure and Operations- System Calls, System Programs, OS Generation and System Boot.
UNIT V CASE STUDY
Linux System – Design Principles, Kernel Modules, Process Management, Scheduling, Memory Management, Input-Output Management, File System, Inter-process Communication; Mobile OS – iOS and Android – Architecture and SDK Framework, Media Layer, Services Layer, Core OS Layer, File System.
Advanced Operating System- IntroductionDebasis Das
Introduction to Advanced Operating systems. Many university courses run advanced/ distributed operating system courses in their 4 year engineering programs. This is based on WBUT CS 704 D course but matches many such courses run by different universities. If you need to downloaad this presentation, please send me an email at ddas15847@gmail.com
Threads,
system model,
processor allocation,
scheduling in distributed systems
Load balancing and
sharing approach,
fault tolerance,
Real time distributed systems,
Process migration and related issues
For Complete Learning: http://www.thelearnet.com/
What is an Operating System?
Mainframe Systems
Desktop Systems
Multiprocessor Systems
Distributed Systems
Clustered System
Real -Time Systems
Handheld Systems
Computing Environments
INTRODUCTIONTO OPERATING SYSTEM
What is an Operating System?
Mainframe Systems
Desktop Systems
Multiprocessor Systems
Distributed Systems
Clustered System
Real -Time Systems
Handheld Systems
Computing Environments
UNIT II PROCESS MANAGEMENT
Processes – Process Concept, Process Scheduling, Operations on Processes, Inter-process Communication; CPU Scheduling – Scheduling criteria, Scheduling algorithms, Multiple-processor scheduling, Real time scheduling; Threads- Overview, Multithreading models, Threading issues; Process Synchronization – The critical-section problem, Synchronization hardware, Mutex locks, Semaphores, Classic problems of synchronization, Critical regions, Monitors; Deadlock – System model, Deadlock characterization, Methods for handling deadlocks, Deadlock prevention, Deadlock avoidance, Deadlock detection, Recovery from deadlock.
UNIT II PROCESS MANAGEMENT
Processes-Process Concept, Process Scheduling, Operations on Processes, Interprocess Communication; Threads- Overview, Multicore Programming, Multithreading Models; Windows 7 - Thread and SMP Management. Process Synchronization - Critical Section Problem, Mutex Locks, Semophores, Monitors; CPU Scheduling and Deadlocks.
UNIT V CASE STUDY
Linux System – Design Principles, Kernel Modules, Process Management, Scheduling, Memory Management, Input-Output Management, File System, Inter-process Communication; Mobile OS – iOS and Android – Architecture and SDK Framework, Media Layer, Services Layer, Core OS Layer, File System.
Advanced Operating System- IntroductionDebasis Das
Introduction to Advanced Operating systems. Many university courses run advanced/ distributed operating system courses in their 4 year engineering programs. This is based on WBUT CS 704 D course but matches many such courses run by different universities. If you need to downloaad this presentation, please send me an email at ddas15847@gmail.com
Threads,
system model,
processor allocation,
scheduling in distributed systems
Load balancing and
sharing approach,
fault tolerance,
Real time distributed systems,
Process migration and related issues
For Complete Learning: http://www.thelearnet.com/
What is an Operating System?
Mainframe Systems
Desktop Systems
Multiprocessor Systems
Distributed Systems
Clustered System
Real -Time Systems
Handheld Systems
Computing Environments
INTRODUCTIONTO OPERATING SYSTEM
What is an Operating System?
Mainframe Systems
Desktop Systems
Multiprocessor Systems
Distributed Systems
Clustered System
Real -Time Systems
Handheld Systems
Computing Environments
UNIT II PROCESS MANAGEMENT
Processes – Process Concept, Process Scheduling, Operations on Processes, Inter-process Communication; CPU Scheduling – Scheduling criteria, Scheduling algorithms, Multiple-processor scheduling, Real time scheduling; Threads- Overview, Multithreading models, Threading issues; Process Synchronization – The critical-section problem, Synchronization hardware, Mutex locks, Semaphores, Classic problems of synchronization, Critical regions, Monitors; Deadlock – System model, Deadlock characterization, Methods for handling deadlocks, Deadlock prevention, Deadlock avoidance, Deadlock detection, Recovery from deadlock.
UNIT II PROCESS MANAGEMENT
Processes-Process Concept, Process Scheduling, Operations on Processes, Interprocess Communication; Threads- Overview, Multicore Programming, Multithreading Models; Windows 7 - Thread and SMP Management. Process Synchronization - Critical Section Problem, Mutex Locks, Semophores, Monitors; CPU Scheduling and Deadlocks.
Operating System Concepts PresentationNitish Jadia
Operating System Concepts was presented by Nitish Jadia in Bhopal null meet, to make people aware of the internal workings of the OS they use.
The contents and explanation of this PPT was inspired and taken from Operating System Concepts by by silberschatz galvin gagne.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
3. Process - Intro
A process is the "heaviest" unit of kernel scheduling. ProcessResources include memory, file handles, sockets, device han
4. Process – Cont'd
Process:- Also called a task- Execution of an individual program- Can be traced list the sequence of instructions that executeProcess, on the other hand, includes:- Current value of Program Counter (PC)- Contents of the processors registers- Value of the variables- The process stack (SP) which typically contains temporary data s- A data section that contains global variables.
5. Identifier
State
Priority
Program Counter
Memory Pointer
Context Data
I/O Status Info
Accounting Info
…....
Process – Cont'd
While program is executing, this process can be c
Stored in data structure known as Process Cont
PCB is created for each process
The creation and management of PCB is done by
6. PROCESS STATES
lThe Creation and Termination of ProcesseslA Two-State Process ModellA Five-State ModellSuspended Processes
7. Process – The Creation
Submission of a batch jobUser logs onCreated to provide a service such as printingProcess (parents process) creates another procCalled as process spawning
8. Process – The Termination
Batch job issues Halt (OS service call for terUser logs offQuit an applicationError and fault conditions
9. Process – The Two State Model
l- Process may be in one of two stateslRunninglNot-running
10. The Two State Model – Cont'd
Dispatcher cannot just select the process that has been in th
Solution: split Not Running into two states:Ready – prepare to execute when given opportunityBlocked/Waiting – process cannot execute until some event o
11. Suspended Process
Processor is faster than I/O so all processes could be waitingSwap these processes to disk to free up more memoryBlocked state becomes suspend state when swapped to diskTwo new statesBlocked, suspend: blocked processes which have been swapReady, suspend: ready processes which have been swapped
13. Process Control – Modes of Execution
User mode
Less-privileged mode
User programs typically execute in this mode
System mode, control mode, or kernel mode
More-privileged mode
Kernel of the operating system
14. Process Control – Process Creation
Assign a unique process identifier
Allocate space for the process
Initialize process control block
Set up appropriate linkages
Ex: add new process to linked list used for scheduling queue
Create or expand other data structures
Ex: maintain an accounting file
15. Process Control – Switch a Process
Supervisor call
Requests I/O operation such as file open
Trap
error occurred from last instruction
may cause process to be moved to Exit state
Interrupt
event that is external to the running process such as completion of I/O
16. Type of Interrupts
Clock interrupt
process has executed for the maximum allowable time slice
I/O interrupt
I/O action has occurred
Memory fault
memory address is in virtual memory so it must be brought into main memory
17. Execution of the Operating System
Non-process Kernel (old)
execute kernel outside of any process
operating system code is executed as a separate entity that opera
Execution Within User Processes
operating system software within context of a user process
process executes in privileged mode when executing operating sy
Process-Based Operating System
major kernel functions are separate processes
Useful in multi-processor or multi-computer environment
19. Single Thread
Single threaded means there is only one thread within the processSingle threaded results in system idle time and user frustration. Fo
20. Multi Thread
In a multithreaded environment, a process is definedA virtual address space that holds the process image. Protected access to processors, other processes (for inter-p
22. Thread - Introduction
“One example of multithreading is when you are downloading a viYou can imagine multitasking as something that allows processesWhen multiple threads are running concurrently, this is known as m
23. How Multi Thread Works
The multithreading can help because usually a normal HTTP executionSo in practice when you have 1 request in which you need to fetch an i
25. How Multi Thread Works
The multithreading can help because usually a normal HTTP executionSo in practice when you have 1 request in which you need to fetch an i
26. Type of Multi Threading
Many To One
In the many-to-one model, many u
Thread management is handled b
However, if a blocking system cal
Because a single kernel thread ca
27. Type of Multi Threading
One to One
The one-to-one model creates a separate kernel thread to handle each
One-to-one model overcomes the problems listed above involving block
Linux and Windows from 95 to XP implement the one-to-one model for
28. Type of Multi Threading
Many to Many
The many-to-many model multiplexes any number of user threads onto a
Users have no restrictions on the number of threads created.
Blocking kernel system calls do not block the entire process.
Processes can be split across multiple processors.
29. Advantages
a. Responsive . Interactive applications to remain responsive even though theb . Resource sharing . Threads share memory and resources with other threadc . Economical . Making a process requires allocating need memory and resoud. Utilization of multiprocessor architectures . Advantage of multithreading can
30. Disadvantage
a. Kernel threads are generally slower to create and m
b. Transfer of control from one thread to another within
31. Symmetric Multi Processing
Symmetric Multiprocessing is a computer architecture of multiproc
Unlike asymmetric processing, any idle processor can be assigned
34. How SMP Works
In a symmetric multiprocessing environment, the CPU's share the same memo
Programs running on symmetric multiprocessing systems may experience a p
The effect in most applications is not so much a performance increase as the
35. How SMP Works Cont'd
Symmetric multiprocessing systems allow any processor to work o
36. Advantages
Symmetric multiprocessing is one of the cheapest ways to improve hardware performance. This
Symmetric multiprocessing is relatively easy to implement.
In situations where more than one program executes at the same time, a symmetric multiproces
37. Disadvantages
On personal computers, symmetric multiprocessing is less useful for applications that have not
It is useless if the system rarely runs more than one process at a time.
41. Microkernel Cont'd
Microkernel is the near-minimum amount of software that can provide the mechanis
A microkernel that is designed for a specific platform or device is only ever going to h
42. Microkernel Cont'd
Microkernel is the near-minimum amount of software that can provide the mechanis
A microkernel that is designed for a specific platform or device is only ever going to h
43. Advantages
Service separation has the advantage that if one service (called a server) fails others can still w
Only that driver need to be restarted rather than having the entire system die. This means more
Different services are built into special modules which can be loaded or unloaded when needed
Message passing allows independent communication and allows extensibility
The fact that there is no need to reboot the kernel implies rapid test and development.
Easy and faster integration with 3d party modules.
44. Disadvantages
Memory foot print is large
Potential performance loss (more software interfaces due to
Message passing bugs are not easy to fix
Process management is complex