This document provides information about submarine cable networks in India. It discusses why satellite communication is not used more widely, provides a brief history of submarine cables, and describes some of the key features of modern submarine cables. It also lists some of the major submarine cable landing stations in India, shows a map of India's submarine cable network, and discusses maintenance and repair of damaged cables.

1. Made By:
Agnimitra Ghosal
Presentation on Int'l Submarine Cable
Network In India
Made By
Agnimitra Ghosal

2. Why we don’t use satellite Communication instead
 Satellites are not use because they cannot carry terabytes of
data for less than a billion dollars per communication line
 The bandwidth available using a single fiber optic cable and
laser beam is much much greater than you can get from a
single satellite radio channel.
 An undersea cable is a bundle of many fiber optic cables. You
can have more channels, each with a higher capacity than you
can build radio channels into satellite.
 The uplinks and downlinks cost and putting the satellite in
space is a huge ask and far more risky.
 It is easy to fix a broken cable undersea where once we launch
the satellite then it will be very difficult to resolve if there is
any issue on satellite.

3. Introduction of submarine cable
 Submarine cable is a cable laid on the sea bed between land-based
stations to carry telecommunication signals across stretches of oceans.
 Modern cables work with optical fiber technology to carry digital data,
which includes telephone, Internet along with private data traffic.
 Now all the continents are connected with each other via submarine
cables across the globe and exchange high amount of data and voice
traffic.

4. Submarine Cables and It’s History
 The first submarine cable in the world was laid in the English Channel in
1851
 In 1863 cable to Bombay, India (now Mumbai) provided a crucial link to
Saudi Arabia
 Submarine cable networks in the world were expanded gradually from
1866
 In 1870, Bombay was linked to London via submarine cable
 In 1872, Australia was linked by cable to Bombay via Singapore and
China
 In 1876, the cable linked the British Empire from London to New
Zealand
As the days past, many submarine cables are landed in India to fulfill the
requirement for high data and Voice communications.

5. General Features of Submarine Cables
 Long Distance Transmission Capability
- Trans Pacific and Trans Atlantic
 Big Bandwidth Transmission Capability
- Suitable for data traffic, voice traffic and voice streaming
 High Reliability
- suitable for international e-commerce business
 State of Art Technology
- High quality services

6. Cross section view of a Submarine Cable

7. Submarine Cable Landing stations in India
 There are now 10 submarine cable landing stations in India, with four
in Mumbai, three in Chennai, and each in Cochin,Tuticorin and Digha,
 Tata Communications owns three cable landing stations, each
in Mumbai, Chennai and Cochin.
 Reliance Globalcom owns the Versova Cable Landing Station in Mumbai.
 Bharti Airtel owns three cables landing stations, two in Chennai and one
in Mumbai.
 Sify Technologies launched its cable landing station in Mumbai in January
2012.
 BSNL owns its first international submarine cable connecting India and Sri
Lanka and its cable landing station in Tuticorin.
 The Digha Cable Landing Station in West Bengal is newly approved in May
2011 by the department of telecommunication (DoT) of India for a submarine
cable project between India and South-east Asia. BNSL is expected to own
the Digha Cable Landing Station.

8. Indian Submarine Cable Network Map

9. Submarine Cable Landing Stations Inception Date
Landing Stations
owned by Capacity of existing Cable Utilized Capacity(GBPS) Length
SMW3 Mumbai July, 2000 VSNL 480GB 20 39000KM
SMW4 Chennai & Mumbai November,2011 Bharti and VSNL 1.8 TB 11, 16 18800KM
SAFE Cochin March,2002 VSNL 5GB 5 13104KM
FLAG (Reliance) Mumbai November,1997 VSNL 160 GB 10 27000 Km
I2I Chennai December,2002 BSNL 8.40 TB 12 3200KM
TIC Chennai March,2004 VSNL 5.10 TB 16 3175 Km
Falcon Mumbai Feb,2006 Reliance 2.56 TB 1 28000KM
Indo- Sri Lanka Cable Tuticorin March, 2006 BSNL 960 GB 40 320KM

10. Fault in submarine cables
Damage to submarine cables and cable networks are sustained mainly
through three causes; negligent human activities, international human
activities and natural hazards

11. Submarine Cable Repair and Maintenance
There is a case in which an optical fiber cable is cut or damaged due to ocean
earthquakes and fishing gears etc..
In the situation, the cable ship is urgently dispatched to the cable failure site and
repairs the cable.
The cable repair procedure normally consists of the followings:
 Localization of the cable failure point.
 Recovery of the failure cable onto the ship
 Cutting and removal of the cable failure section
 Jointing of the recovered cable and the spare cable in the cable tank of the ship
 Confirmation test and reburial of the cable

12. The Future of Submarine Cables
 Today, nearly all voice and Internet traffic, including essential military and
financial transmissions, travels through undersea fiber-optic cables.
 Thus increasing the demand for higher bandwidth at reduced deployment
cost and the need for additional routes to lower the latency and redundant
cable systems.
 $54 billion of undersea fiber optic investment to date.
 2011: $1 billion worth of new systems entered service.
 Market average = $2 billion worth of new systems/year.
 According to a comprehensive market research report by Global Industry
Analysts, cumulative global installation of submarine optical fiber cable is
projected to reach two million kilometers by 2018, up from just over a
million kilometers in 2009.