This Presentation is all about the generation of computer, their development...

2. Generation of Computer
Computer develops after the first
electronic Computer ENIAC- [
Electronic Numerical Interigrater and
Calculator ] are classified into five
generation is baised on the Technology
used in architectural development of
computers. It also includes
Computational Technic. Input and
output devices and programming
languages used.

3. First Generation:
1943-1956
World’s first electronic
digital computer.
Used to produce
WWII ballistic firing
tables for the U.S.
Defense Department.
Electronic Numerical Integrator
and Calculator (ENIAC)

4. Features of First Generation
Computers  First Generation Computer
were too bulky in size and
requiring large rooms for
installation.
 In first Generation
computer used thousands of
Vacuum tubes that emitted
large amount of heat and
burnt out Frequently.
 Each Vacuum Tube
Consumed about half watt of
power.

5. 1956 IBM 350 RAMAC
Second generation [1959-64]
 Used transistors,
developed by Bell Labs.
 Up to 32K of memory.
 Programming in
computer languages,
such as FORTRAN and
COBOL.

6. Features of Second Generation
Computers
Second Generation Computer were
Smaller than First Generation
Computers and required Smaller
Space.
 They Consumed less Power and
dissipated less heat then the First
Generation Computers.
 The Area in Which the Second
Generation Computers were located
Still required to be Properly air
Conditioned.
They were more reliable and less
Power to hardware failures then the
first Generation Computers.

7. As Vacuum tubes used
filaments, they had limited life
Because a c0mputer used
thousands of vacuum tubes. These
Computers were prone to frequent
hardware failures.
 Due to low mean time between
failures , these Computers required
Constant maintenance.
 Since first generation computers
were difficult to program and use,
they limited commercial use.

8. Third Generation:
1965-1971
 Used integrated
circuits.
 Up to 3 million bytes of
memory.
 Lower cost, smaller
size, and increasing
processor speed.

9. Features of Third Generation
Computers
Third Generation
Computer were more
powerful than second
generation computers. They
were Capable of Performing
about one million
instructions per second.
They were more reliable
and less prone to hardware
failures than second
generation Computers
requiring lower maintenance

10. Time sharing Operating System
allowed interactive usage and
simultaneous use of these systems by
multiple users.
Standardization of high level
Programming languages allowed
programs written for one Computer
to be easily ported to and executed
on another Computer.
Time Sharing Operating System
also made online Systems feasible
resulting in usage of these Systems
for new on line applications.
Minicomputers of third Generation
made Computers affordable

11.  Personal computers or PCs.
 Usually cost about $2,000 or less.
 Process over 1 billion operations per
second.
 “Stand-alone” or connected
to other computers as a
network system.
Fourth Generation:
1972-Now
Microcomputers
TEA

12. Features of Fourth Generation
Computers
PCs were smaller and Cheaper
than mainframes or minicomputers
of third Generation.
 They Consumed less Power than
Third Generation Computers.
 They were More Reliable and less
prone to hardware failures than
Third Generation Computers
requiring negligible maintenance
Cost.
 They had Faster and larger
primary and Secondary Storage as
Compared to Third Generation
Computer.
 They were General Purpose
Machines.

13. Use of Standard High level
Programming language allowed Programs
written for one Computer to be easily
ported to and executed on another
Computer.
Graphical User Interface (GUI) enabled
new Users to Quickly learn how to Use
Computers.
PC based applications made PCs a
Powerful tool for both Office and Home
Usage.
In addition to unbundled Software,
these Systems also used add-on hardware
feature that allowed users to invest only in
the hardware Configuration and software
of their need and value.
 PCs of fourth Generation made
Computers affordable even by individuals
for their personal use at home.

14. Fifth Generation [1990 to Present]
The Development of Super
Computers was the key
motivation of 5th Generation
Computer. Super Computer
were develop with ULSI(Ultra
Large Scale Integration). These
are Knowledge Processing
System. Concept Like Artificial
Intelligence and Distributed
Processing were incorporated
.fifth Generation Desktop PCs
and Workstations are several

15. Features of Fifth Generation
Computers
Portable PCs (Called notebook
Computers) are much Smaller and
handy than PCs of fourth
Generation allowing Users to Use
Computing Facility even while
travelling.
fifth Generation Desktop PCs
and Workstations are Several times
more Powerful than PCs of Fourth
Generation.
They are more Reliable and less
prone to hardware failures then 4th
generation computers.

16.  Fifth Generation Computer is
more User Friendly interfaces with
multimedia features make the
systems easier to learn and use by
anyone ,including Children.
 Newer and more powerful
applications including multimedia
features make the Systems more
useful in every occupation.
 Explosion in the size of the
Internet Coupled with Internet based
tools and applications have made
these systems influence the life of
even Common People.
 These System also use the
Concept of Unbundled software and

17. Evolution of Dr. U’s Computer
1990 2004 Factor
Speed 16 MHz 2 GHz 125x
Storage 20 MB 120 GB 6000x
Memory 1 MB 1 GB MB 1000x
Cost $2250 $750 .33x

18. Computers ProgressUNIVAC
(1951-1970)
(1968 vers.)
Mits
Altair
(1975)
IBM PC
(1981)
Macintosh
(1984)
Pentium
IV
Circuits Integrated
Circuits
2 Intel
8080
Microchip
Intel 8088
Microchip
- 29,000
Transistors
Motorola
68000
Intel P-IV
Microchip
- 7.5 million
transistors
RAM
Memory
512 K 265 Bytes 256 KB 256 MB
Speed 1.3 MHz 2 KHz 4.77 MHz 3200 MHz
= 3.2 GHz
Storage 100 MB
Hard Drive
8” Floppy
Drive
Floppy
Drive
Floppy
Drives
Hard
Drive,
Floppy,
CD-Rom
Size Whole
Room
Briefcase
(no monitor)
Briefcase
+ Monitor
Two
shoeboxes
(integrated
monitor)
Small
Tower
Cost $1.6 million $750 $1595 ~$4000 $1000 -
$2000