1. C L A S S I F Y T H E T Y P E S O F F O O D :
CARBOHYDRATES
M A D E BY : N a i f a b d u a l r a h m a n a l j u n a i d i G R O U P ” 3 ”
P B L A s s i s t a n t : D r. M o h a m m e d N a d e e m .
2. WHAT ARE CARBOHYDRATES ?
• Carbohydrates, together with lipids, proteins and nucleic acids, are one
of the four major classes of biologically essential organic molecules
found in all living organisms.
Carbohydrates, all coming from the process of photosynthesis,
the major part of organic substance on Earth, are the most abundant
organic components in the major part of fruits, vegetables, legumes
cereal grains, carry out many functions in all living organisms and are
the major energy source in a Mediterranean-type diet. Finally, they
provide flavor and texture in many processed foods.
3. CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION OF CARBS:
• Carbohydrates, also called Carbs, are defined as aldehydic or ketonic
compounds with a some number of oxydrilic groups.
• On the basis of the number of forming units, three major classes of
carbohydrates can be defined: monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and
polysaccharides.
4. PHYSIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF
CARBOHYDRATES :
• On the basis of their degree of polymerization, they can be
classified as:
• Simple : mono- and disaccharides (also known as “sugars”)
and tri- and tetrasaccharides (oligosaccharides);
• Complex : the polysaccharides.
5. HOW TO MAKE RIGHT CHOICES ?
• Good Carbs:
• Vegetables: All of them. It is best to eat a variety of vegetables every day.
• Whole fruits: Apples, bananas, strawberries, etc.
• Legumes: Lentils, kidney beans, peas, etc.
• Nuts: Almonds, walnuts, hazelnuts, macadamia nuts, peanuts, etc.
• Seeds: Chia seeds, pumpkin seeds.
• Whole grains: Choose grains that are truly whole, as in pure oats, quinoa, brown rice,
etc.
• Tubers: Potatoes, sweet potatoes, etc.
6. • Bad Carbs:
• Sugary drinks: Coca cola, Pepsi, Vitaminwater, etc. Sugary drinks are some of the
unhealthiest things you can put into your body.
• Fruit juices: Unfortunately, fruit juices may have similar metabolic effects as sugar-
sweetened beverages.
• White bread: These are refined carbohydrates that are low in essential nutrients and
bad for metabolic health. This applies to most commercially available breads.
• Pastries, cookies and cakes: These tend to be very high in sugar and refined wheat.
• Ice cream: Most types of ice cream are very high in sugar, although there are
exceptions.
• Candies and chocolates: If you’re going to eat chocolate, choose quality dark
chocolate.
• French fries and potato chips: Whole potatoes are healthy, but french fries and
potato chips are not.
7. THANK YOU FOR
LISETNING !
• References :
• https://www.healthline.com
• Arienti G. “Le basi molecolari della nutrizione”. Seconda edizione. Piccin, 2003
• Belitz .H.-D., Grosch W., Schieberle P. “Food Chemistry” 4th ed. Springer, 2009
