Nutrition in animals

Nutrition in Animals
Nutrition – A basic need

Nutrition in Animals - Jaideep Nalwade , Prathamesh Chavan and Nimish Tembhurne
1 Different types of Animals – A brief Introduction
• 1.1 Flowchart
• 1.2 Food Intake
2 The food chain
3 Nutrition Based Division of Animals
• 3.1 Nutrition Based Division of Animals
4 Why do animals require nutrition?
• 4.1 Balanced diet
• 4.1.1 Obesity
• 4.1.2 Malnourishment
• 4.2 Essential Nutrition
5 The digestive system
• 5.1 Digestion
• 5.2 Continuation
Contents
2

6 Modes of Digestion
• 6.1 Intracellular Digestion
• 6.2 Extracellular Digestion
• 6.3 Digestive Systems in Different Animals
• 6.3.1 AVES
• 6.3.2 MOLLUSCA
7 Nutrition
• 7.1 Nutrition and digestion chart
8 Modes of Nutrition
• 8.1 Autotrophic mode of nutrition
• 8.2 Heterotrophic mode of nutrition
• 8.3 Examples
• 8.4 Composition
9 Conclusion
Thank you
Nutrition in Animals - Jaideep Nalwade , Prathamesh Chavan and Nimish Tembhurne 3

1Different types of Animals – A brief Introduction
Animalia
Reptilia
Mammalia Nematoda
Arthropoda Mollusca
Amphibia
Aves
Pisces
Porifera
Nutrition in Animals – Jaideep Nalwade , Prathamesh Chavan and Nimish Tembhurne
1.1Flowchart
Fig 1.1
4

1.2 Food Intake
• Bacteria
• PlanktonPorifera
• Insects
• Other insectsArthropoda
• Meat
• VegetablesMammalia
• Chicken
• WaxwormsReptilia

• Bug larvae
• BacteriaNematode
• Small Animals
• AlgaeMollusca
• Other Fish
• PlanktonPisces
• Worms
• Small AnimalsAves
• Worms
• FliesAmphibia

2 The food chain
Fig 2.1
7

3 Nutrition Based Division of Animals
• Animals eat whenever they get the opportunity.
• The categories of their diets are :
Animals
Omnivores
Ex : Humans
Herbivores
Ex : Cows
Carnivores
Ex : Bengal tiger
8

3.1 Nutrition Based Division of Animals
Ex : Humans, Bears, RaccoonsOmnivores
• Omnivores are animals that eat both plants and animals or even algal matter
Ex : Cows, Hares, GorillasHerbivores
• They are animals that mainly eat autotrophs, i.e. Plants
Ex : Sharks, Snakes, Lions, TigersCarnivores
• They are animals that eat other animals and meat

4 Why do animals require nutrition?
• Animals are heterotrophs that require food for various
reasons. Three of them are :
Chemical EnergyFuel
• The cells in the body require energy to work. Nutrition provides the energy required for
cellular action to take place.
BiosynthesisBone Growth
• Bone cells grow rapidly during the growth of an animal. Nutrition provides energy for
Biosynthesis in which the carbon cells make new cells.
Ready-made formNutrients
• Animals cannot make all the nutrients required all by itself using raw materials. These
nutrients are fed to the animal in a readymade form.
10

4.1 Balanced diet
• It is important to consume the right amount of nutrition or
calories.
• Consuming too much can lead to Obesity.
• Consuming calories less than the required amount can lead
to Malnourishment.

4.1.1 Obesity
• Obesity is the result of
excessive consumption of
Nutrients or calories,
especially fats and
cholesterol.
• Obesity is a growing problem
in Humans. It is important to
control it for a healthy living.
• Instead of using the excessive
fat cells, the body stores it.
Fig 4.1
Obese lab rats

4.1.2 Malnourishment
• Malnourishment is the result of deficiency of calories
• It is important to consume enough nutrition for the body to
function properly.

4.2 Essential Nutrition
Fig 4.1
14

5 The digestive system
• Digestion begins in the mouth where food is chewed
with the teeth. The process stimulates exocrine
glands in the mouth to release digestive enzymes
such as salivary amylase, which aid in the breakdown
of food, particularly carbohydrates. Chewing also
causes the release of saliva, which helps condense
food into a bolus that can be easily passed through
the oesophagus.
5.1 Digestion
Fig 5.1
15

5.2 Continuation
• The food enters the stomach upon passage through
the cardiac sphincter. In the stomach, food is churned
and thoroughly mixed with a digestive fluid,
composed chiefly of hydrochloric acid, pepsin and
mucus ,to further decompose it chemically for a few
hours. As the acidic level changes in the stomach and
later parts of the digestive tract, more enzymes are
activated or deactivated to extract and process various
nutrients.
Fig 5.2
16

6 Modes of Digestion
6.1 Intracellular Digestion
Intracellular Digestion takes place in
the cytoplasm of an organism. This
type of nutrition is observed in
Amoeba and Paramecium
Fig 6.1
17

6.2 Extracellular Digestion
• In this type of digestion,
digestion takes place
outside the cell.
• It takes place either in the
lumen of the digestive
system or the gastric cavity
or other digestive organs, or
even outside the body
• It is found in annelids,
arthropods and vertebrates
Fig 6.2
18

6.3 Digestive Systems in Different Animals
• 6.3.1 AVES
• Birds have no teeth so digestion does not begin in the mouth, all of the food breakdown
must occur within the digestive system. Food enters through the mouth where it passes
down the oesophagus into the crop. This organ is where the food is stored and begins to
soften. From here it moves into the stomach, which churns the food and makes it more
simpler to digest.
• The food moves into the intestine, first into the small intestine and then onto the large
intestine. At the point where the small and large intestine meet are two pouches or caeca,
which absorb the water from the food. The food becomes harder and enters into a
chamber called the cloaca. It then passes out of the body through a lining called
proventriculus.
Fig 6.3
19

6.3.2 MOLLUSCA
• The mollusc digestive system has millions of microscopic hair like
fibres along the main digestive tract and has several divisions for
the different organs. The first section contains the mouth and
oesophagus and is the site of the initial breakdown of food. There
is a specialised file like radula found in the mouth, which acts like
teeth or a tongue in the food breakdown. In many molluscs the
stomach has a flexible rod, which is made up of mucus and
proteins in a crystalline structure. This secretes the digestive
juices and enzymes and acts as a kind of stirring stick, mixing up
the stomach contents to aid digestion. The final section of the
digestive tract contains the intestine and anus, from which the
waste is removed.
Fig 6.5
20

7 Nutrition
• There are six major classes of nutrients
carbohydrates, fats, minerals, proteins, vitamins,
and water.
• Nutrition is the process of breaking down food
and substances taken in by the mouth to use for
energy in the body.
• All these components are essential for living
animals for their everyday work
Fig 7.1
Nutrition sources
21

7.1 Nutrition and digestion chart

8 Modes of Nutrition
• Modes of nutrition mean methods of procuring food or obtaining food by an
organism.
• All the organisms do not obtain their food in the same way.
• Different organisms have different methods of procuring food or obtaining food. In
other words, organisms differ in their modes of nutrition
Mode of
nutrition
Autotrophic
Heterotrophic
23

8.1 Autotrophic mode of nutrition
• In autotrophic nutrition, the organism synthesizes its own food from the inorganic raw
materials like carbon dioxide and water present in the surroundings by using the sunlight
energy.
• Organic material (food) is made from inorganic materials like carbon dioxide and water by
utilizing the sunlight energy. The green plants have an autotrophic mode of nutrition. The
autotrophic bacteria also obtain their food by the autotrophic mode of nutrition (though
most bacteria are not autotrophic). The organisms having autotrophic mode of nutrition are
called autotrophic organisms or just autotrophs.
• Those organisms which can make their own food from carbon dioxide and water are called
autotrophs.
24

8.2 Heterotrophic mode of nutrition
• In heterotrophic nutrition, the organism cannot make its own food from the inorganic raw materials like
carbon dioxide and water, and uses the food made by autotrophic organisms directly or indirectly.
Heterotrophic nutrition is that mode of nutrition in which an organism cannot make its own food from
simple inorganic materials like carbon dioxide and water, and depends on other organisms for its food.
• A heterotrophic organism is a consumer which derives its nutrition from other organisms. That is, a
heterotrophic organism has to eat other organisms for its nutrition. All the animals have a heterotrophic
mode of nutrition. Most bacteria and fungi also have heterotrophic mode of nutrition. The organisms
having heterotrophic mode of nutrition are called heterotrophic organisms or just heterotrophs.
• Those organisms which cannot make their own food from inorganic substances like carbon dioxide and
water, and depend on other organisms for their food are called heterotrophs.

8.3 Examples
Autotrophs
Heterotrophs
Fig 8.3
26

8.4 Composition
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Fats Protein Carbohydrate Other
Nutrition composition in a regular diet

9 Conclusion
• There is a diversity in animals and each type of animal
intakes different type of food to satisfy their nutrition
requirements.
• Not all animals gain nutrition from the same source.
• Different animals require nutrition in Various amounts.
• Therefore, Animal Nutrition is a basic need.

Nutrition in animals

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (20)

Viewers also liked

Viewers also liked (8)

Similar to Nutrition in animals

Similar to Nutrition in animals (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Nutrition in animals