This document discusses the role of nutrients in metabolism. It begins by defining nutrients as the active chemical components in food that play structural or functional roles in the body. Nutrients are classified as macronutrients, which are needed in large amounts, or micronutrients, which are needed in smaller amounts. The document then examines the roles and metabolism of specific macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, fats, fiber) and micronutrients (vitamins, minerals) in the human body. It concludes that all nutrients are important for health and that each nutrient plays a specific role in the metabolism of the human body.

1. Role of nutrients in metabolism
Presented by : Saliha Khalid
(L1F17BSBC0048)1

2. Contents List
• Introduction
• Functions of food
• Nutrients and types
• Macronutrients and Micronutrients
• Nutrients metabolism
• Conclusion
• Reference
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3. Introduction.
“The things we eat and drink to keep us alive and well, to
help us grow, develop, work and play is called food.”
A food is something that provides nutrients.
• Energy for activity
• Energy for growth
• For breathing
• For digesting food
• For repair of the body
• for keeping the immune system healthy
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4. • Food is a complex combination of numerous components
which can be classified into nutrients and non-nutrients.
These components and their metabolites can also
regulate gene expression and cellular function via a
variety of mechanisms.
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6. What are the nutrients?
• A nutrient is an active chemical component in food that plays a
specific structural or functional role in the body’s activity. Almost
all foods are a mixture of nutrients. They contain different
amounts of sugar, starch, fiber, fat, protein, minerals, vitamins and
water.
• Nutrients have been traditionally classified as
Macronutrients
Micronutrients.
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7. Macronutrients.
• Macronutrients are typically needed in large amounts. The benefits of
consuming macronutrients are self-evident since their subunits serve as
building blocks of cellular structures and as energy substrates in all organisms.
The macromolecules include
• Carbohydrates (sugars)
• Lipids ( fats)
• Proteins
• Fiber
• Water
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8. Micronutrients.
• Micronutrients are essential elements required by organisms in varying
quantities throughout life to perform physiological functions to maintain health.
• As their name indicates (‘micro’ means small) micronutrients are substances
which people need in their diet in only small amounts.
The micromolecules include
• Vitamins
• Minerals
• Organic acids
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9. Nutrient content of the human body.
• Macronutrients
• Micronutrients
• Water
• No one food supplies all the nutrients the body needs. No one nutrient is more
important than the others. Each nutrient does specific jobs. The nutrients work
together to keep us healthy.
Nutrients Weightage
Minerals 6%
Proteins 18%
Fats 14%
Water 62%
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10. First step of metabolism
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11. 11

12. Role
of Macromolecules
in
Metabolism
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13. Carbohydrates.
• Carbohydrates are molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen and
oxygen atoms in specific ratios.
• The main role of carbohydrates in our body is to provide energy.
Here are food groups and a few examples of sources of carbohydrates.
• Dairy. Milk, yogurt, and ice cream.
• Fruit. Whole fruit and fruit juice.
• Grains. Bread, rice, crackers, and cereal.
• Legumes. Beans and other plant-based proteins.
• Starchy Vegetables. Potatoes and corn.
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14. Carbohydrates Provide Our Body Energy
• One of the primary functions of carbohydrates is to provide
your body with energy.
• Most of the carbohydrates in the foods you eat are digested and
broken down into glucose before entering the bloodstream.
• Glucose in the blood is taken up into your body’s cells and used
to produce a fuel molecule called adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
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15. Carbohydrates Provide Stored Energy
• If your body has enough glucose to fulfill its current needs, excess glucose can be
stored for later use.
• This stored form of glucose is called glycogen and is primarily found in the liver
and muscle.
• The liver contains approximately 100 grams of glycogen. The stored glucose
molecules helps to maintain normal blood sugar levels.
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Glucose
Glycogen

16. Carbohydrates Metabolism
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17. Proteins:
• The proteins are helpful in many biochemical reactions. Proteins are also
used for growth and repair of body.
Some of the foods that are high in protein.
• Eggs. Almonds. Almonds are a popular type of tree nut.
• Chicken breast.
• Oats.
• Cottage cheese.
• Greek yogurt.
• Milk. .
• Broccoli
• Fish
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18. Protein Metabolism
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19. Functions Of Proteins.
• There is protein in bones (collagen), muscles, and tendons;
the hemoglobin that transports oxygen; and enzymes that
catalyze all biochemical reactions.
• Protein is also used for growth and repair.
• Proteins also hold the potential to serve as
a metabolic fuel source.
• They play a role in cleaving the peptide bond.
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20. Fats:
• Fats and oils are concentrated sources of energy and so are important
nutrients for young children who need a lot of energy-rich food.
High-fat foods that are actually incredibly healthy and nutritious.
• Avocados. The avocado is different from most other fruits. ...
• Cheese. Cheese is incredibly nutritious. ...
• Dark Chocolate. ...
• Whole Eggs. ...
• Fatty Fish. ...
• Nuts. ...
• Chia Seeds. ...
• Extra Virgin Olive Oil.
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21. Fats Metabolism
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22. Functions of fats
• Carrier of vitamins
• Structural component
• Blood clotting
• Wound healing and
inflammation
• Cholesterol is a lipid that
plays a role in the
membrane’s fluidity and
permeability.
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23. Fiber:
• Fiber is an indigestible form of carbohydrate. Since humans cannot break
down fiber carbohydrates, they pass through the digestive system whole
and take other waste products with them.
• Eating a diet rich in high-fiber foods boosts metabolism because fiber is
indigestible .
Good sources include
• Barley
• Oatmeal
• Beans
• Nuts
• Breads & Grains.
• Fruits such as apples, berries, citrus fruits, and pears.
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25. Role of dietary fiber in health. Dietary fiber
fermentation products, i.e., SCFAs, have a role in
prevention of obesity, diabetes, heart diseases,
cancer, etc.
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26. Water:
• Water is the medium for various enzymatic & chemical
reactions in the body. It is the solvent of the body and it
regulates all functions, including the activity of everything it
dissolves & circulates.
• Water delivers nutrients to cells and helps remove toxins
and metabolic waste from the cells as well.
• It uses the energy created by Catabolism for synthesizing
hormones, sugars and other important substances for tissue
repair, reproduction and cell growth.
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27. Sources
You also get water
through liquid foods and
beverages such as
• Soup
• Milk
• Tea
• Coffee
• Soda
• Drinking water
• Juices
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28. Vital functions of water in body
• Helps your kidneys flush out all that waste.
• Regulates your body's temperature.
• Cushions organs and tissues.
• Keeps your joints nice and lubricated.
• Transports nutrients and oxygen throughout the body.
• Helps keep you regular.
• Keeps body tissues moist.
• Helps keep your skin looking good.
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29. Water content
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30. Role
of Micromolecules
in
Metabolism
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31. Vitamins
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• Vitamins help the body function effectively. The 13
essential vitamins our body needs are vitamins A, C, D, E, K
and the B vitamins.
• There are two types: water-soluble and fat-
soluble vitamins.
Function
• To dilate blood vessels and help prevent clotting.
• Act as an antioxidant.
• To boost the immune system.

32. Sources Of Vitamins
The food sources of vitamins are
• Iron — meat, poultry, fish, and beans.
• Vitamin A — carrots, sweet potatoes, spinach.
• Vitamin B12 — meat, poultry, fish.
• Vitamin E — nuts, seeds, vegetable oils.
• Vitamin C — citrus fruits, lemon.
• Vitamin D — egg yolk, beef liver, orange.
• Vitamin K — green leafy vegetables.
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33. Minerals
• The five major minerals in the human body are calcium,
phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and magnesium. All of the
remaining elements in a human body are called "trace elements".
Minerals are found in:
• Meat.
• Cereals.
• Fish.
• Milk and dairy foods.
• Fruit and vegetables.
• Nuts
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34. Functions of Minerals.
• Minerals help your body grow, develop,
and stay healthy.
• The body uses minerals to perform
different functions.
• They are helpful in building strong bones
to transmitting nerve impulses.
• Some minerals are even used to make
hormones.
• Minerals helps the body to maintain a
normal heartbeat.
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37. Conclusion
• All the nutrients are very
important for healthy life.
• Each of the nutrient has its
own value and has specific
role in metabolism of human
body.
• The regulation of elements is
very important.
• The body require the
nutrients in specific amounts.
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38. References
• https://www.streetdirectory.com/travel_guide/2
5382/health/raising_your_metabolism_with_prot
ein.html
• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/3282
55836_Fiber_in_Our_Diet_and_Its_Role_in_Health_
and_Disease
• https://www.eufic.org/en/whats-in-
food/article/facts-on-fats-dietary-fats-and-health
• https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/carbohyd
rate-functions
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