Lab investigations of iron deficiency anemia

1. IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
LAB INVESTIGATIONS
AMIT K. KATIYAR (110301166)

2. Anemia : a state in which blood Hb is below the normal
range for the patients age , sex & altitude of residence
NORMAL:
Males 13- 16 g/dL
Females 11.5- 15 g/dL

3. Cytometric Classification :
1. Normochromic , normocytic anemia
Anemia of chronic disease
Hemolytic anemias
Anemia of acute hemorrhage
Aplastic anemias
2. Hypochromic , microcytic anemia
Iron deficiency anemia
Thalassemias
3. Macrocytic anemia
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Folate deficiency

4. • Iron deficiency anemia
a condition in which the body lacks enough
R.B.C. to transport oxygen to body tissues
Most common form of anemia

5. Causes
> Physiological
Post natal growth spurt
Adolescent growth spurt
Menstruation
Pregnancy
> Iron loss due to bleeding
Hook worm Infestations
Hemorrhage
Peptic ulcers
Erosions from anti-inflammatory drugs
> Inadequate diet
> Malabsorption
Inflammatory bowel disease
Helicobacter pylori gastritis

6. Symptoms:
Fatigue, dyspnoea, palpitations
Dizziness, headache, syncope
Irritability, lack of concentration
Anorexia, bowel disturbances
Angina, intermittent claudication

7. Signs:
Pallor of skin, palm, mucous membrane,
nail beds & palpebral conjunctiva
Tachycardia, wide pulse pressure
Oedema
Hyperdynamic precordium
Ejection systolic murmur

8. Clinical features of IDA
Angular stomatitis
Glossitis
Brittle finger nails
Platonychia
Koilonychia
Pica

9. Plummer-Vinson syndrome
Iron deficiency anemia
Glossitis
Koilonychia
Post-cricoid web (results in dysphagia)

10. • Lab Investigations
1. To confirm Iron deficiency anemia
2. To determine the cause of anemia

11. To confirm Iron deficiency anemia
Blood investigations:
1) Haemoglobin
2) Mean Corpuscular Volume(MCV)
below 80 fL (80-100 fL)
3) Peripheral smear- Microcytosis
Hypochromia
4) Reticulocyte count- Normal (0.5 -1.5 %)

12. Bone marrow study
Moderate erythroid hyperplasia
Bone marrow iron stores - or
absent

13. Plasma Iron
(50-170 μg/dL Female)
(65- 176μg/dL Male )
TIBC (Total iron binding capacity)
(240- 450 μg/dL)
Plasma transferrin saturation (<10% )
(20-50%)

14. Serum ferritin level
(Normal >100 μg/L)
Red cell protoporphyrin
(Normal <30 μg/dL)

15. To determine cause of anemia
> Stool – For occult blood & hook worm
infestation
> Sigmoidoscopy & colonoscopy
> Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
> Barium meal swallow & barium enema
> Urine – for schistosomiasis