The cardiovascular system maintains blood distribution throughout the body. It consists of the heart and blood vessels. The heart is located in the mediastinum behind the sternum and is about the size of a fist. Stress tests evaluate cardiac fitness and chest pains by monitoring the heart's electrical activity and changes in blood pressure and pulse during increasing exercise. Risks include irregular rhythms, chest pain, and heart attack. Cardiac catheterization inserts a thin tube into the heart chambers to collect samples and measure pressures, detecting abnormalities. Risks are bleeding, infection, damage, and allergic reactions. Serum lipoprotein tests blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels to prevent cognitive issues, with minimal risks.

1. Diana Cuevas Presentation 5 –The Cardiovascular System Biology 120

2. The Basics: Main Function: Maintaining the distribution of blood throughout the body. Consists of: The heart and blood vessels (arteries, capillaries, & veins). Location of heart: In the mediastinum. More of the heart is on the left mediastinum than the right. It lies directly behind the sternum. Size of heart: About the size of a clenched fist. The average heart beats about 100,000 times a day.

3. Stress Testing Some reasons for procedure: To evaluate cardiac fitness . To evaluate if complaints of chest pains are heart related. To plan rehab after a heart attack. Process: Heart is monitored by using electrodes (to monitor the electrical activity of heart) the heart's activity is monitored by observing the changes in blood pressure and pulse over through out the test. The patient is placed on a treadmill or a bicycle and then is subjected to increasing levels of work. Some risks of test: Irregular heart rhythm, chest pain, and/or having a heart attack while procedure is being done.

4. Cardiac Catheterization Some reasons for procedure: To collect cardiac blood samples, to determine blood pressure within the heart, to detect abnormalities within the heart. Process: A thin tube called a catheter is inserted into a person (usually through their arm or leg), ran up through the veins, and into chambers of the heart. Some risks of test: Bleeding, infection, and pain where the catheter was inserted, damage to blood vessels, the catheter may scrape or poke a hole in a blood vessel as it's threaded to the heart, an allergic reaction to the dye used.

5. Serum Lipoprotein Level Some reasons for procedure: To measure the amount of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood and to prevent cognitive impairment. Process: Blood is drawn from an individual and tests are ran to determine the serum lipoprotein level. Risks of test: No major risks. It is a very simple procedure.