The document provides information on normal chest x-ray anatomy. It discusses technical aspects like exposure, position, and inspiration required. It describes the anatomy of structures visible on chest x-ray like bones, diaphragm, lungs, heart, trachea and vessels. It provides a systematic approach to reading chest x-rays and analyzing different areas. It also summarizes normal measurements and positions of key anatomical structures.
- The document describes the positioning and technical aspects of performing a normal chest x-ray. It discusses the positioning of the patient for PA, AP, and lateral views. It also describes how to assess the quality of the x-ray image and what structures to evaluate, including the bones, heart, lungs, diaphragm and soft tissues. Anatomical variations are also discussed. The goal of the chest x-ray is to evaluate the lungs, heart, bones, and soft tissues for any abnormalities.
The document provides information on normal chest x-ray anatomy. It discusses technical aspects like exposure, position, and inspiration required. It describes the anatomy of structures visible on chest x-ray like bones, diaphragm, lungs, heart, trachea and vessels. It provides a systematic approach to reading chest x-rays and analyzing different areas. It also summarizes normal measurements and positions of key anatomical structures.
- The document describes the positioning and technical aspects of performing a normal chest x-ray. It discusses the positioning of the patient for PA, AP, and lateral views. It also describes how to assess the quality of the x-ray image and what structures to evaluate, including the bones, heart, lungs, diaphragm and soft tissues. Anatomical variations are also discussed. The goal of the chest x-ray is to evaluate the lungs, heart, bones, and soft tissues for any abnormalities.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the abdominal region in 3 sentences or less per section. It begins with the bones, muscles and diaphragm of the abdominal wall. Next, it details the abdominal aorta and its branches, as well as the portal and inferior vena cava veins. The remainder of the document describes the gastrointestinal tract and associated organs section by section, including the esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, kidneys and more. Clinical cases are also mentioned. Diagrams and cross-sectional images supplement the textual descriptions.
The document lists the key anatomical structures and vasculature of the inguinal region and abdominal cavity. It outlines the ligaments and fascial layers that make up the inguinal canal. It then describes the branches of the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, and inferior mesenteric artery that supply the gastrointestinal tract and associated organs. Finally, it briefly mentions the major abdominal veins, including the hepatic, portal, mesenteric and inferior veins.
Radiological Anatomy of pharynx and esophagus abdul finalabduljelil nejmu
This document discusses the anatomy of the pharynx and esophagus. It begins by outlining the gross anatomy, imaging modalities, and subdivisions of the pharynx. It then discusses the introduction, imaging modalities including barium studies and cross-sectional imaging, and vascular and lymphatic anatomy of the esophagus. Key points include that the pharynx is a fibromuscular tube located from the skull base to the level of C6, and the esophagus is a muscular tube that extends from the cricoid cartilage to the stomach at T10. Various imaging modalities can be used to visualize these structures.
Лекция для клиницистов "Исследования органов головы и шеи"mosgorzdrav
07 марта 2017 года в рамках обучающего курса "Лучевая диагностика для клиницистов" состоялся вебинар на тему "Исследования органов головы и шеи: орбиты, ППН, височная кость, мягкие ткани лица"
This document contains descriptions and radiographic images showing various pathologies that can cause collapse or consolidation of the airways, including tracheo-esophageal fistula, relapsing polychondritis, squamous cell carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, tracheal strictures, bronchiectasis, asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, bullae, obliterative bronchiolitis, panbronchiolitis, cryptogenic organising pneumonia, bronchial atresia, complete lung collapse, and right upper lobe collapse. Each image illustrates characteristic radiographic findings for different diseases affecting the trachea, bronchi and lungs.
The document discusses the gastro-intestinal tract and esophagus. It provides details on various conditions that can affect the esophagus including diverticula, ulcers, tumors, and motility disorders. Pharyngeal/esophageal pouches and diverticula are discussed for the upper, middle, and lower third of the esophagus. Esophageal ulceration can be inflammatory from sources like reflux or viral, or neoplastic. Benign esophageal tumors are discussed along with specifics on leiomyoma features on barium swallow and CT imaging.
This document provides information about the anatomy and diseases of the pharynx and larynx. It begins with an overview of the anatomy of these structures and then discusses specific diseases including: Thornwaldt cyst, retropharyngeal abscess, juvenile angiofibroma, squamous cell carcinoma of the nasopharynx, vocal cord paralysis, laryngocele, laryngeal trauma, benign laryngeal tumors, laryngeal carcinoma, and the postsurgical larynx. Radiographic features of many of these conditions are illustrated with CT and MRI images.
This document discusses what cardiovascular conditions can be seen on chest x-rays. It outlines several key findings:
1. The size and shape of the heart can indicate heart diseases. Enlargement of one or more chambers suggests dilatation or pericardial effusion.
2. Chamber hypertrophy and dilatation from pressure or volume overload can be seen. Volume overload leads to overall heart enlargement while pressure overload causes less visible changes.
3. Valve calcification seen on x-ray is diagnostic of rheumatic heart disease or congenital aortic stenosis. Pericardial calcification suggests constrictive pericarditis.
The document summarizes the anatomy of the chest wall, bronchial tree, lungs, and pleura. It describes the bones and structures that make up the chest wall, including the ribs, sternum, and thoracic vertebrae. It then discusses the development of the lungs, anatomy of the tracheobronchial tree, histology of the airways, segmentation of the lungs, arterial and venous supply to the lungs, lymphatic drainage, and the two layers of pleura that surround each lung.
Presentation1.pptx, radiological anatomy of the temporo mandibular joint and ...Abdellah Nazeer
The document summarizes the anatomy of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in 3 sentences:
The TMJ is a synovial joint between the mandible and temporal bone that allows complex jaw movements. It contains articular discs that glide over the mandibular condyles and fossa and are surrounded by a joint capsule. The TMJ has multiple ligaments and is innervated by branches of the trigeminal nerve while its blood supply comes from branches of the external carotid artery.
Cross sectional anatomy of chest by Dr. Milan Silwal, Resident, NAMS, Kathman...Milan Silwal
The document provides information on the cross sectional anatomy of the chest, including the boundaries and divisions of the thorax and mediastinum. It describes the contents and boundaries of the superior, anterior, middle, and posterior mediastinum. It also discusses the lungs, bronchopulmonary segments, and six representative chest CT scan levels that are used to interpret mediastinal anatomy. Finally, it presents six clinical cases pertaining to conditions that may appear on chest imaging.
Radiographic anatomy of gastrointestinal tractairwave12
This document provides an overview of how to interpret abdominal x-rays. It discusses the common views taken, important anatomical structures to evaluate, and what various findings may indicate. Key details include identifying the densities seen on x-rays, inspecting films with transmitted light, and assessing structures like the liver, kidneys, bowel loops and psoas muscles. Contrast agents like barium are also outlined for better defining certain structures.
This document discusses imaging of the chest in trauma patients. It describes the use of chest radiographs and CT scans to evaluate for fractures, pneumothorax, hemothorax, pulmonary contusions, diaphragm injuries, and vascular injuries. Specific signs on imaging that indicate various injuries are outlined. CT is highlighted as more sensitive than chest x-ray for detecting many injuries like small pneumothoraces or diaphragm injuries. The document provides an overview of diagnostic imaging of common chest trauma injuries.
trachea,and bronchi, upper respiratoryFaarah Yusuf
The trachea is a tube located in the neck that connects the larynx to the bronchi in the lungs. It is about 10-11 cm long and is composed of C-shaped cartilages. The trachea branches into the right and left primary bronchi at the level of the fifth thoracic vertebra. The primary bronchi then branch further within the lungs. The right bronchus is wider, shorter and more vertical than the left. Both bronchi divide within the lungs to form the bronchial tree that terminates in alveoli in the lungs.
Presentation1.pptx, radiological imaging of the pharyngeal diseasesAbdellah Nazeer
This document summarizes radiological imaging techniques for diagnosing diseases of the pharynx. It discusses anatomy of the hypopharynx and oropharynx. Common imaging modalities include x-rays, CT scans, MRI, and PET CT scans. The document outlines congenital anomalies, inflammatory diseases like pharyngitis and tonsillitis, infections like retropharyngeal and peritonsillar abscesses. It also discusses benign and malignant tumors that can occur in the pharynx such as papillomas, hemangiomas, pleomorphic adenomas, squamous cell carcinomas, and lymphomas. Radiological images are provided to illustrate various pathologies.
The document discusses the normal skull base anatomy and radiography. It describes the five bones that make up the skull base - frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, temporal, and occipital. It details the key structures and foramina of each bone. Common radiographic projections used to image the skull base are described, including the submento-vertical and submento-vertical 20 degrees caudad views. The embryology and development of the skull base is also summarized.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the abdominal region in 3 sentences or less per section. It begins with the bones, muscles and diaphragm of the abdominal wall. Next, it details the abdominal aorta and its branches, as well as the portal and inferior vena cava veins. The remainder of the document describes the gastrointestinal tract and associated organs section by section, including the esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, kidneys and more. Clinical cases are also mentioned. Diagrams and cross-sectional images supplement the textual descriptions.
The document lists the key anatomical structures and vasculature of the inguinal region and abdominal cavity. It outlines the ligaments and fascial layers that make up the inguinal canal. It then describes the branches of the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, and inferior mesenteric artery that supply the gastrointestinal tract and associated organs. Finally, it briefly mentions the major abdominal veins, including the hepatic, portal, mesenteric and inferior veins.
Radiological Anatomy of pharynx and esophagus abdul finalabduljelil nejmu
This document discusses the anatomy of the pharynx and esophagus. It begins by outlining the gross anatomy, imaging modalities, and subdivisions of the pharynx. It then discusses the introduction, imaging modalities including barium studies and cross-sectional imaging, and vascular and lymphatic anatomy of the esophagus. Key points include that the pharynx is a fibromuscular tube located from the skull base to the level of C6, and the esophagus is a muscular tube that extends from the cricoid cartilage to the stomach at T10. Various imaging modalities can be used to visualize these structures.
Лекция для клиницистов "Исследования органов головы и шеи"mosgorzdrav
07 марта 2017 года в рамках обучающего курса "Лучевая диагностика для клиницистов" состоялся вебинар на тему "Исследования органов головы и шеи: орбиты, ППН, височная кость, мягкие ткани лица"
This document contains descriptions and radiographic images showing various pathologies that can cause collapse or consolidation of the airways, including tracheo-esophageal fistula, relapsing polychondritis, squamous cell carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, tracheal strictures, bronchiectasis, asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, bullae, obliterative bronchiolitis, panbronchiolitis, cryptogenic organising pneumonia, bronchial atresia, complete lung collapse, and right upper lobe collapse. Each image illustrates characteristic radiographic findings for different diseases affecting the trachea, bronchi and lungs.
The document discusses the gastro-intestinal tract and esophagus. It provides details on various conditions that can affect the esophagus including diverticula, ulcers, tumors, and motility disorders. Pharyngeal/esophageal pouches and diverticula are discussed for the upper, middle, and lower third of the esophagus. Esophageal ulceration can be inflammatory from sources like reflux or viral, or neoplastic. Benign esophageal tumors are discussed along with specifics on leiomyoma features on barium swallow and CT imaging.
This document provides information about the anatomy and diseases of the pharynx and larynx. It begins with an overview of the anatomy of these structures and then discusses specific diseases including: Thornwaldt cyst, retropharyngeal abscess, juvenile angiofibroma, squamous cell carcinoma of the nasopharynx, vocal cord paralysis, laryngocele, laryngeal trauma, benign laryngeal tumors, laryngeal carcinoma, and the postsurgical larynx. Radiographic features of many of these conditions are illustrated with CT and MRI images.
This document discusses what cardiovascular conditions can be seen on chest x-rays. It outlines several key findings:
1. The size and shape of the heart can indicate heart diseases. Enlargement of one or more chambers suggests dilatation or pericardial effusion.
2. Chamber hypertrophy and dilatation from pressure or volume overload can be seen. Volume overload leads to overall heart enlargement while pressure overload causes less visible changes.
3. Valve calcification seen on x-ray is diagnostic of rheumatic heart disease or congenital aortic stenosis. Pericardial calcification suggests constrictive pericarditis.
The document summarizes the anatomy of the chest wall, bronchial tree, lungs, and pleura. It describes the bones and structures that make up the chest wall, including the ribs, sternum, and thoracic vertebrae. It then discusses the development of the lungs, anatomy of the tracheobronchial tree, histology of the airways, segmentation of the lungs, arterial and venous supply to the lungs, lymphatic drainage, and the two layers of pleura that surround each lung.
Presentation1.pptx, radiological anatomy of the temporo mandibular joint and ...Abdellah Nazeer
The document summarizes the anatomy of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in 3 sentences:
The TMJ is a synovial joint between the mandible and temporal bone that allows complex jaw movements. It contains articular discs that glide over the mandibular condyles and fossa and are surrounded by a joint capsule. The TMJ has multiple ligaments and is innervated by branches of the trigeminal nerve while its blood supply comes from branches of the external carotid artery.
Cross sectional anatomy of chest by Dr. Milan Silwal, Resident, NAMS, Kathman...Milan Silwal
The document provides information on the cross sectional anatomy of the chest, including the boundaries and divisions of the thorax and mediastinum. It describes the contents and boundaries of the superior, anterior, middle, and posterior mediastinum. It also discusses the lungs, bronchopulmonary segments, and six representative chest CT scan levels that are used to interpret mediastinal anatomy. Finally, it presents six clinical cases pertaining to conditions that may appear on chest imaging.
Radiographic anatomy of gastrointestinal tractairwave12
This document provides an overview of how to interpret abdominal x-rays. It discusses the common views taken, important anatomical structures to evaluate, and what various findings may indicate. Key details include identifying the densities seen on x-rays, inspecting films with transmitted light, and assessing structures like the liver, kidneys, bowel loops and psoas muscles. Contrast agents like barium are also outlined for better defining certain structures.
This document discusses imaging of the chest in trauma patients. It describes the use of chest radiographs and CT scans to evaluate for fractures, pneumothorax, hemothorax, pulmonary contusions, diaphragm injuries, and vascular injuries. Specific signs on imaging that indicate various injuries are outlined. CT is highlighted as more sensitive than chest x-ray for detecting many injuries like small pneumothoraces or diaphragm injuries. The document provides an overview of diagnostic imaging of common chest trauma injuries.
trachea,and bronchi, upper respiratoryFaarah Yusuf
The trachea is a tube located in the neck that connects the larynx to the bronchi in the lungs. It is about 10-11 cm long and is composed of C-shaped cartilages. The trachea branches into the right and left primary bronchi at the level of the fifth thoracic vertebra. The primary bronchi then branch further within the lungs. The right bronchus is wider, shorter and more vertical than the left. Both bronchi divide within the lungs to form the bronchial tree that terminates in alveoli in the lungs.
Presentation1.pptx, radiological imaging of the pharyngeal diseasesAbdellah Nazeer
This document summarizes radiological imaging techniques for diagnosing diseases of the pharynx. It discusses anatomy of the hypopharynx and oropharynx. Common imaging modalities include x-rays, CT scans, MRI, and PET CT scans. The document outlines congenital anomalies, inflammatory diseases like pharyngitis and tonsillitis, infections like retropharyngeal and peritonsillar abscesses. It also discusses benign and malignant tumors that can occur in the pharynx such as papillomas, hemangiomas, pleomorphic adenomas, squamous cell carcinomas, and lymphomas. Radiological images are provided to illustrate various pathologies.
The document discusses the normal skull base anatomy and radiography. It describes the five bones that make up the skull base - frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, temporal, and occipital. It details the key structures and foramina of each bone. Common radiographic projections used to image the skull base are described, including the submento-vertical and submento-vertical 20 degrees caudad views. The embryology and development of the skull base is also summarized.
Рентгенограмма легких – суммационное изображение мягких тканей грудной клетки. На пути прохождения рентгеновских лучей некоторые структуры поглощают, а другие отражают излучение. Такая игра отображается на рентгеновской пленке или цифровом носителе.
Врач-рентгенолог читает рентгеновский снимок, состоящий из комплекса теней белого и серого цветов. Их сочетание между собой формирует изображение, которое специалист расшифровывает и делает описание.
Наши специалисты готовы бесплатно расшифровать рентгенограммы читателей. Предлагаем также внимательно разобраться самостоятельно с комплексом рентгеновских затемнений и просветлений.
Рентгеновские снимки легких – норма
Рентгеновские снимки легких (органов грудной клетки) анализируются по схеме «ПоЧиФоРа и ИнРиКоС». Как расшифровать эти термины:
По – положение;
Чи – число;
Фо – форма;
Ра – размеры;
Ин – интенсивность;
Ри – рисунок;
Основные органы грудной клетки, поддающиеся рентгенодиагностике – костная основа (грудина, ребра, лопатки, позвоночный столб); непосредственно органы (легкие, плевра, сердце, сосудистый пучок, средостение, щитовидная железа, вилочковая железа).
Рентгеновское изображение легких и костной основы грудной клетки – плоскостное (оценить и увидеть объем органов на одном двухмерном снимке не представляется возможным – вот почему для получения объемной картины используется рентгенография в двух проекциях), суммационное (все ткани, что лежат по ходу движения рентгеновского луча, отображаются на снимке) и плотностное (различные оттенки серого цвета отражают различия в плотности тканей), чаще всего негативное. Просветления (в данном случае темного цвета) – соответствуют наименее плотной структуре – мягким тканям, воздуху, и наоборот.
Занятие 4. Рентгеноанатомия легких. Скиалогические эффекты "тень" и
"просветление" на примере основных рентгеновских синдромов при заболеваниях
легких. Рентгеновские методы диагностики заболеваний легких.
Контрольные вопросы:
1. Рентгеноанатомия органов грудной клетки. Анатомический субстрат рентгеновского
отображения грудной клетки. Деление легочных полей на пояса и зоны,
пространственное расположение междолевых щелей в прямой и боковой проекциях.
2. Понятие о скиалогических эффектах "тень" и "просветление".
3. Принцип описания очаговых образований в легких ("ПОЧИФОРА ИНРИКОС").
4. Что является морфологическим субстратом R-симптома "затемнение"? Основные
варианты затемнения легочного поля. Какие заболевания органов дыхания
сопровождаются формированием симптома "затемнение" ("ограниченного затемнения",
"тотального затемнения")?
5. Что является морфологическим субстратом R-симптома "просветление"? Какие
заболевания органов дыхания сопровождаются формированием симптома "просветление"
("ограниченного просветления", "диффузного просветления")?
6. Какие патологические процесс
Лучевая диагностика осложнений в органах грудной полости после операций на легких (1 часть)
1. Лучевая диагностика осложнений в органах грудной полости после операций на легких ( 1 часть) Алексеева Тамара Рубеновна РОНЦ им. Н.Н.Блохина РАМН Отдел лучевой диагностики
9. Причины возникновения пневмоторакса На стороне операции: -остаточный газ (небольшое количество первые 1-2дни) - негерметичность внутриплевральных дренажей - дефект культи бронха (напряжённый пневмоторакс) - не ушитый дефект в оставшейся части лёгкого С противоположной стороны: - разрыв эмфизематозной буллы - установка подключичного катетера
11. Спонтанный пневмоторакс, частичный ателектаз единственного лёгкого Справа –состояние после пневмонэктомии, органы средостения умеренно смещены вправо, слева легкое частично коллабировано.
12. Несостоятельность культи бронха может быть: первичная и вторичная . Причины : - первичный дефект при ушивании культи бронха, - воспалительно-деструктивные изменения в культе бронха, - вторичное расплавление бронхиального шва или стенки бронха на фоне развившейся эмпиемы. Осложнения: - эмпиема плевры, медиастинит, длительно существующая остаточная полость, - клапанный пневмоторакс на стороне операции.
13.
14.
15. Несостоятельность культи бронха после пневмонэктомии 1. Опускание поднявшегося уровня жидкости в плевральной полости. 2. Расширение его в поперечнике. 3. Оттеснение органов средостения в противоположную сторону. 1 1 2 2 3 3
16. Несостоятельность культи бронха после пульмонэктомии Нарастание количества газа в остаточной полости и снижение горизонтального уровня жидкости в ней, Органы средостения занимают срединное положение, выражена эмфиземы мягких тканей грудной стенки.
17. Гиповентиляция оставшейся доли А Б А. Слева состояние после верхней лобэктомии. Оставшаяся доля легкого уменьшена в объеме, уплотнена. Органы средостения смещены влево. Б. После санационной бронхоскопии. Оставшаяся доля частично расправилась. Органы средостения заняли срединное положение. Умеренно выражена эмфизема мягких тканей.
18. Гиповентиляция в оставшемся лёгком А. Слева – состояние после пневмонэктомии, в остаточной полости небольшое количество пристеночно отграниченной жидкости. Справа в нижней доле отмечается сгущение легочного рисунка. Б. После санационной бронхоскопии нижняя доля расправилась. А Б
19. Гематома в ложе удаленной доли Слева – состояние после верхней лобэктомии. На третьи сутки после операции в зоне оперативного вмешательства появилось интенсивное уплотнение.
20. При КТ исследовании в куполе левой плевральной полости подтверждено наличие гематомы. Произведено её удаление.
21.
22.
Editor's Notes
Уфимцев – 06/17084 ПМЗО Периф рак верхней доли левого легкого. АДКЛ. Рак гортано-глотки. Сост после верхней лобэктомии. гиповентиляция оставшейся доли
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