Adoption of Sustainable Agriculture Practices among Kentucky Farmers and Thei...Bijesh Mishra
The adoption of sustainable agricultural practices (SAPs) has been very helpful to attain agricultural sustainability. However, practices are localized and site specific and, thus, less understood in Kentucky. A research was conducted throughout the Kentucky using double stratified survey method to understand farmer’s perception about their farm and farming practices sustainability, adoption of sustainable agriculture practices (SAPs) and adoption barriers of sustainable agriculture practices. The research found that farmers generally perceive that their farm and farming activities are sustainable. The results of negative binomial regression analysis suggest that row crop growers, farmers in favor of diversification, and formal education level increase probability of SAPs adoption. Vegetable growers, and farmers with irrigation facilities also increase probability of the adoption. Income from agro-tourism, land operated, age are significant variables of the adoption of SAPs in Kentucky. Inadequate knowledge, perceived difficulty of implementation, lack of (adequate) market, negative attitude about technologies, and lack of (appropriate) technologies were major adoption barriers of SAPs in Kentucky.
Analyzing Farm Productivity of Kentucky using Regression ModelBijesh Mishra
Kentucky is facing decline in farms numbers and farmland
with increasing average size. It suggest that small farmers
are moving away from the farming business and large
farmers are increasing. Kentucky agriculture is based on
small and family farmers as about 90% of farm are owned
by family. The research was done using secondary data to
identify factors responsibilities for agriculture productivity
in Kentucky in changing farming condition. Average farm
size, total irrigated area and farmers average age has
significant effect in farm productivity in Kentucky. Average
years in farming has negative relation with farm
productivity. All other variables have positive relation
though some are not significant.
Relationship between Profile and Food Consumption Pattern of Tribal Families ...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
This paper examines the relationship between profile and food consumption pattern of the tribal families from Palghar district. The study was conducted at the Palghar district. Samples of 120 tribal families were considered as respondents for present study. The respondents were interviewed with the help of specially designed schedule. Collected data was classified, tabulated and analysed by using various statistical methods. The result of the study showed that the relationship between family education status and food consumption pattern, family size and food consumption pattern, annual income of the family and food consumption pattern, cropping pattern and food consumption pattern, resource availability and food consumption pattern was found to be 'positive' and 'significant'. The relationship between major occupation and food consumption pattern, land holding and food consumption pattern, farming experience and food consumption pattern, social participation and food consumption pattern was found to be 'non-significant'. The extension workers should consider these facts while planning and executing programmes for development of the tribal families living in Palghar district.
Adoption of Sustainable Agriculture Practices among Kentucky Farmers and Thei...Bijesh Mishra
The adoption of sustainable agricultural practices (SAPs) has been very helpful to attain agricultural sustainability. However, practices are localized and site specific and, thus, less understood in Kentucky. A research was conducted throughout the Kentucky using double stratified survey method to understand farmer’s perception about their farm and farming practices sustainability, adoption of sustainable agriculture practices (SAPs) and adoption barriers of sustainable agriculture practices. The research found that farmers generally perceive that their farm and farming activities are sustainable. The results of negative binomial regression analysis suggest that row crop growers, farmers in favor of diversification, and formal education level increase probability of SAPs adoption. Vegetable growers, and farmers with irrigation facilities also increase probability of the adoption. Income from agro-tourism, land operated, age are significant variables of the adoption of SAPs in Kentucky. Inadequate knowledge, perceived difficulty of implementation, lack of (adequate) market, negative attitude about technologies, and lack of (appropriate) technologies were major adoption barriers of SAPs in Kentucky.
Analyzing Farm Productivity of Kentucky using Regression ModelBijesh Mishra
Kentucky is facing decline in farms numbers and farmland
with increasing average size. It suggest that small farmers
are moving away from the farming business and large
farmers are increasing. Kentucky agriculture is based on
small and family farmers as about 90% of farm are owned
by family. The research was done using secondary data to
identify factors responsibilities for agriculture productivity
in Kentucky in changing farming condition. Average farm
size, total irrigated area and farmers average age has
significant effect in farm productivity in Kentucky. Average
years in farming has negative relation with farm
productivity. All other variables have positive relation
though some are not significant.
Relationship between Profile and Food Consumption Pattern of Tribal Families ...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
This paper examines the relationship between profile and food consumption pattern of the tribal families from Palghar district. The study was conducted at the Palghar district. Samples of 120 tribal families were considered as respondents for present study. The respondents were interviewed with the help of specially designed schedule. Collected data was classified, tabulated and analysed by using various statistical methods. The result of the study showed that the relationship between family education status and food consumption pattern, family size and food consumption pattern, annual income of the family and food consumption pattern, cropping pattern and food consumption pattern, resource availability and food consumption pattern was found to be 'positive' and 'significant'. The relationship between major occupation and food consumption pattern, land holding and food consumption pattern, farming experience and food consumption pattern, social participation and food consumption pattern was found to be 'non-significant'. The extension workers should consider these facts while planning and executing programmes for development of the tribal families living in Palghar district.
The SDGs consist of 17 goals and 169 affiliated targets that provide an opportunity to combine development goals and focus on all countries (National Bureau of Statistics and UNDP, 2016)
What Drives Generation of Agro-Food Waste Typologies among Urban Agro-Produce...Premier Publishers
The aim of this study was to evaluate the drivers of agro-food waste typologies generation among urban agro-producer households in Kenya. To accomplish this, an electronically-structured questionnaire was administered to 456 agro-producer households to collect disaggregated self-reported data. Descriptive and Fractional Response models were employed for data analysis. The results revealed significant disparities of waste generation profiles among livestock and mixed agro-producers; age of the household head, number of enterprises, inability to sell produce frequency, home ownership and market guarantee. The daily per capita food waste generated was 0.67kg while the daily per capita agricultural waste was 10.75kg. The regression results indicated both socioeconomic (age and number of enterprises) and behavioural attributes (perceived behavioural control and attitude) were among the most important drivers in agro-food waste typologies generation. Number of mature agri-enterprises were consistently the highest contributor of predicted marginal changes in agricultural, food, edible, inedible, crop and animal waste portions generated among urban households. Results implied that agricultural education and behavioural interventions meant to foster enterprise specialization and adoption of effective methodologies in exploitation of benefits associated with agro-food waste meant to support the urban food system are urgently required. Findings could instil micro-level self-awareness in generation and self-regulation in management of agro-food waste for betterment of the urban agroecology.
Comparative Study of Agricultural Production Diversity and Household Diet Div...BRNSS Publication Hub
This study was conducted to find out agricultural production diversity and household diet diversity
in farming households and examine their statistical relationship. Data on production, consumption,
and socioeconomic factors were collected from the cross-sectional survey using the semi-structured
questionnaire in 2018, in which 120 respondents (60 from Kailali district and 60 from Syangja district)
were interviewed. Agricultural production diversity was defined from species count for each household,
and household diet diversity was obtained from dietary diversity score (DDS) using 12 food groups by
the FAO in preceding 24 h recall period. Data analysis in the SPSS showed that the average species
count of each household was 11.79 with average crop and livestock count of 7.95 and 3.88, respectively.
Average DDS was 7.7 with minimum value 4 and maximum value 10. Agricultural production diversity
and household diet diversity were positively correlated (0.249, at 0.01 level). Household diet diversity
was positively correlated with size of landholding and size of kitchen garden. The consumption behavior
shows that 100% of household have consumed cereals, 75% have consumed milk products, 52% have
consumed fruits, and only 21% of the respondents have consumed meat and egg in the last 24 h recall
period. Percentage of household consuming milk and milk products were higher in Syangja, whereas
households consuming meat, egg, and fish were higher in Kailali. Wheat items were major alternative
staple food in Kailali, whereas maize, millet, and wheat items were common alternative staple foods in
Syangja. This study suggests that diversified agricultural production system is a promising strategy to
provide diversified diet and ultimately improve food and nutrition security of farming households.
By Subhasis Mandal, D. Burman, S.K. Sarangi, B.K. Bandyopadhyay, B. Maji (Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, West Bengal, India)
Revitalizing the Ganges Coastal Zone Conference
21-23 October 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh
http://waterandfood.org/ganges-conference/
Adoption of good agricultural practices for sustainable maize and cowpea prod...Premier Publishers
This paper presents a comparative evaluation of maize and cowpea grain yields of 24 farmers in the Forest-Savannah Transition (Atebubu-Amantin) and Guinea Savannah (West-Mamprusi) zones of Ghana for 2012 and 2014 respectively at the inception and completion of the sustainable intensification of crop-livestock integration project. While only 7 and 2 farmers planted maize in rows at project inception, 12 and 9 farmers were recorded at project completion in Atebubu–Amantin and West–Mamprusi districts respectively. During 2012 cropping season, when farmers had access to fertilizer in the form of subsidy, only a farmer in each district did not apply fertilizer. However, the reverse was observed in 2014 where there was no subsidy. Comparing 2012 and 2014 cropping season results, revealed a 25% and 27% increase in maize grain yield in Atebubu–Amantin and West–Mamprusi districts respectively. Economic analysis revealed a high benefit cost ratio in maize and cowpea production in 2014 than in 2012 for both locations. The study has demonstrated that, enabling environment that encourages access to tools and implements for row planting and fertilizer in the form of subsidy would complement good agronomic technology packages introduced to farmers in order to ensure sustainable cereal and legume production.
"Agricultural Biodiversity, Dietary Diversity, and Nutritional Outcomes: Empirical Evidence from Tajikistan" presented by Kamiljon Akramov, Mehrab Malek, at Regional Research Conference “Agricultural Transformation and Food Security in Central Asia”, April 8-9, 2014, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
Impact of providing legume seed subsidies on dietary diversity in MalawiIFPRIMaSSP
This presentation, 'Has the provision of legume seeds subsidies affected dietary diversity? Evidence from FISP,' was presented on 12th December 2018 at the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) in Lilongwe, Malawi. It was presented by Mirriam Matita of the Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (LUANAR).
Evaluating Mozambique’s Agricultural Investment Plan: Round Two - James Thurlow
Presentation at MSU/IFPRI conference on “Agricultural Public Investments, Policies, and Markets for Mozambique’s Food Security and Economic Transformation”, Maputo, Mozambique, 20 November 2014
Portuguese version: http://www.slideshare.net/IFPRIDSG/james-2-port
Characterizing adopters of sustainable intensification innovations: Evidence ...africa-rising
Poster prepared by Beliyou Haile (IFPRI) Carlo Azzarri, Cleo Roberts, Zhe Guo and Maria Comanescu for the International Conference on Integrated Systems Research, Ibadan, Nigeria, 3-6 March 2015
Research advances of HarvestPlus socioeconomic studies in LACCIAT
The socioeconomic area of HarvestPlus LAC seeks to generate information to guide the decision related to biofortified crops in the region. The idea of this seminar is to present advances made in three socioeconomic studies: a. Potential departments/regions for an intervention with biofortified crops (cassava, rice, beans and maize) in Colombia; b. Adoption, consumption and ommercialization of improved rice varieties in Bolivia and c. Preliminary results of a consumer acceptance of a High Iron Bean variety (Super Chiva) in Guatemala.
The SDGs consist of 17 goals and 169 affiliated targets that provide an opportunity to combine development goals and focus on all countries (National Bureau of Statistics and UNDP, 2016)
What Drives Generation of Agro-Food Waste Typologies among Urban Agro-Produce...Premier Publishers
The aim of this study was to evaluate the drivers of agro-food waste typologies generation among urban agro-producer households in Kenya. To accomplish this, an electronically-structured questionnaire was administered to 456 agro-producer households to collect disaggregated self-reported data. Descriptive and Fractional Response models were employed for data analysis. The results revealed significant disparities of waste generation profiles among livestock and mixed agro-producers; age of the household head, number of enterprises, inability to sell produce frequency, home ownership and market guarantee. The daily per capita food waste generated was 0.67kg while the daily per capita agricultural waste was 10.75kg. The regression results indicated both socioeconomic (age and number of enterprises) and behavioural attributes (perceived behavioural control and attitude) were among the most important drivers in agro-food waste typologies generation. Number of mature agri-enterprises were consistently the highest contributor of predicted marginal changes in agricultural, food, edible, inedible, crop and animal waste portions generated among urban households. Results implied that agricultural education and behavioural interventions meant to foster enterprise specialization and adoption of effective methodologies in exploitation of benefits associated with agro-food waste meant to support the urban food system are urgently required. Findings could instil micro-level self-awareness in generation and self-regulation in management of agro-food waste for betterment of the urban agroecology.
Comparative Study of Agricultural Production Diversity and Household Diet Div...BRNSS Publication Hub
This study was conducted to find out agricultural production diversity and household diet diversity
in farming households and examine their statistical relationship. Data on production, consumption,
and socioeconomic factors were collected from the cross-sectional survey using the semi-structured
questionnaire in 2018, in which 120 respondents (60 from Kailali district and 60 from Syangja district)
were interviewed. Agricultural production diversity was defined from species count for each household,
and household diet diversity was obtained from dietary diversity score (DDS) using 12 food groups by
the FAO in preceding 24 h recall period. Data analysis in the SPSS showed that the average species
count of each household was 11.79 with average crop and livestock count of 7.95 and 3.88, respectively.
Average DDS was 7.7 with minimum value 4 and maximum value 10. Agricultural production diversity
and household diet diversity were positively correlated (0.249, at 0.01 level). Household diet diversity
was positively correlated with size of landholding and size of kitchen garden. The consumption behavior
shows that 100% of household have consumed cereals, 75% have consumed milk products, 52% have
consumed fruits, and only 21% of the respondents have consumed meat and egg in the last 24 h recall
period. Percentage of household consuming milk and milk products were higher in Syangja, whereas
households consuming meat, egg, and fish were higher in Kailali. Wheat items were major alternative
staple food in Kailali, whereas maize, millet, and wheat items were common alternative staple foods in
Syangja. This study suggests that diversified agricultural production system is a promising strategy to
provide diversified diet and ultimately improve food and nutrition security of farming households.
By Subhasis Mandal, D. Burman, S.K. Sarangi, B.K. Bandyopadhyay, B. Maji (Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, West Bengal, India)
Revitalizing the Ganges Coastal Zone Conference
21-23 October 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh
http://waterandfood.org/ganges-conference/
Adoption of good agricultural practices for sustainable maize and cowpea prod...Premier Publishers
This paper presents a comparative evaluation of maize and cowpea grain yields of 24 farmers in the Forest-Savannah Transition (Atebubu-Amantin) and Guinea Savannah (West-Mamprusi) zones of Ghana for 2012 and 2014 respectively at the inception and completion of the sustainable intensification of crop-livestock integration project. While only 7 and 2 farmers planted maize in rows at project inception, 12 and 9 farmers were recorded at project completion in Atebubu–Amantin and West–Mamprusi districts respectively. During 2012 cropping season, when farmers had access to fertilizer in the form of subsidy, only a farmer in each district did not apply fertilizer. However, the reverse was observed in 2014 where there was no subsidy. Comparing 2012 and 2014 cropping season results, revealed a 25% and 27% increase in maize grain yield in Atebubu–Amantin and West–Mamprusi districts respectively. Economic analysis revealed a high benefit cost ratio in maize and cowpea production in 2014 than in 2012 for both locations. The study has demonstrated that, enabling environment that encourages access to tools and implements for row planting and fertilizer in the form of subsidy would complement good agronomic technology packages introduced to farmers in order to ensure sustainable cereal and legume production.
"Agricultural Biodiversity, Dietary Diversity, and Nutritional Outcomes: Empirical Evidence from Tajikistan" presented by Kamiljon Akramov, Mehrab Malek, at Regional Research Conference “Agricultural Transformation and Food Security in Central Asia”, April 8-9, 2014, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
Impact of providing legume seed subsidies on dietary diversity in MalawiIFPRIMaSSP
This presentation, 'Has the provision of legume seeds subsidies affected dietary diversity? Evidence from FISP,' was presented on 12th December 2018 at the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) in Lilongwe, Malawi. It was presented by Mirriam Matita of the Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (LUANAR).
Evaluating Mozambique’s Agricultural Investment Plan: Round Two - James Thurlow
Presentation at MSU/IFPRI conference on “Agricultural Public Investments, Policies, and Markets for Mozambique’s Food Security and Economic Transformation”, Maputo, Mozambique, 20 November 2014
Portuguese version: http://www.slideshare.net/IFPRIDSG/james-2-port
Characterizing adopters of sustainable intensification innovations: Evidence ...africa-rising
Poster prepared by Beliyou Haile (IFPRI) Carlo Azzarri, Cleo Roberts, Zhe Guo and Maria Comanescu for the International Conference on Integrated Systems Research, Ibadan, Nigeria, 3-6 March 2015
Research advances of HarvestPlus socioeconomic studies in LACCIAT
The socioeconomic area of HarvestPlus LAC seeks to generate information to guide the decision related to biofortified crops in the region. The idea of this seminar is to present advances made in three socioeconomic studies: a. Potential departments/regions for an intervention with biofortified crops (cassava, rice, beans and maize) in Colombia; b. Adoption, consumption and ommercialization of improved rice varieties in Bolivia and c. Preliminary results of a consumer acceptance of a High Iron Bean variety (Super Chiva) in Guatemala.
From the 2020 NACD Annual Meeting.
S.T.A.R. (Saving Tomorrow’s Agriculture Resources) is an innovative program that provides a free evaluation tool to increase stewardship on farms through outreach and technical assistance. S.T.A.R. evaluates and verifies adoption of field-level conservation practices and encourages continuous improvement through value chain incentives.
Does irrigation have an impact on food security and poverty? Evidence from Bw...IFPRIMaSSP
The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of irrigation on food security and poverty using a case study of Bwanje Valley Irrigation Scheme in Malawi. Data used in the analysis were collected from 412 households – 169 participants in the irrigation scheme and 243 non-participants. Due to the non-random selection of participants into the irrigation scheme, the study used endogenous switching regression to correct for sample selection bias. Propensity score matching was then used to measure the impact of irrigation on food security and poverty. Daily per capita caloric intake and agricultural income were the proxy measures used to measure food security and poverty, respectively. Despite farmers selling paddy rice at the farm gate on an individual basis and operating in an environment with inadequate water supply, the findings revealed that irrigation had a positive impact on annual agricultural income and daily per capita caloric intake. The impact of irrigation on household annual agricultural income was different among the participants, with those cultivating both rice and maize earning more agricultural income than their counterparts growing rice only. The results also showed a positive impact of irrigation on daily per capita caloric intake was similar with both groups of participants consuming relatively the same amount of daily per capita caloric intake than what they would have consumed if they did not participate in the irrigation scheme. In addition, traditionally marginalized groups such as the youth, female headed and the low-income households earned more agricultural income than what they would have earned if they did not participate in the irrigation scheme. However, the low-income household earned the least amount of agricultural income. The recommendations from the study are that irrigation interventions should be up scaled to other areas with potential irrigable land and should promote the growing of more than one crop. In addition, irrigation schemes should promote bulk marketing of processed rice through contract relationships with institutions (i.e. schools, prisons, hospitals) and private traders
Understanding Climate Change Resiliency of Oklahoma Forests using FVS and Con...Bijesh Mishra
The forest-grassland ecotone in the southcentral US is the tension zone between two major biomes and provides a number of important ecosystem services. Active management in the region using prescribed fire, forest thinning/harvesting, grazing, and herbicides can optimize desired benefits for landowners with a variety of management objectives. However, periodic severe droughts that plague this area and increasing climate variability have profoundly affected the productivity, resilience, and stability of ecosystems. We aim to facilitate sustainable
management of the forest-grassland ecotone for different combinations of objectives such as timber, grazing, and wildlife habitat based on recent conditions and to adapt management to mitigate the negative effects of future drought and potential climate change. To this end, we are assessing the value of timber, cattle forage, and deer habitat. Input and output variables involved in valuation of timber, wildlife and cattle
forage will be discussed. Tailoring research findings with the
appropriate outreach materials will help educate traditional and nontraditional forest stewards in the region.
Temporal Patterns in the Surface Urban Heat Island Effect and Land Cover Chan...Bijesh Mishra
Urban heat island (UHI) is a term used to describe increased surface and atmospheric temperatures in an urban core relative to surrounding non-urbanized areas mostly due to the conversion of natural surfaces into the built surfaces. Though the phenomenon has been studied in great extent in several cities throughout the world, the phenomenon is less understood for Kathmandu, and thus little documented in researches. This study uses the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer (MODIS) 8-day, 1000-meter product (MYD11A2) to estimate the spatial distribution of surface temperatures and the MODISderived Normalized Vegetation Index (MYD17A2) to quantify the pattern of land surface temperature throughout the year in different land cover types and its spatial correlation with the NDVI for the year of 2000 and 2016. Results suggest that the urban surface temperatures are consistently higher than non-urban areas. However, the rate of increase in temperature is higher in outside the urban area. Also, the NDVI is not spatially coincident with the land surface temperature.
The Urban Heat Island in Kathmandu from 2000 to 2016Bijesh Mishra
The Urban Heat Island in Kathmandu, Nepal:
Evaluating the Spatial Distribution of Changes in
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and Land
Surface Temperatures 2000 to 2016
A comparison of Land Cover Change in Kaski District, NepalBijesh Mishra
Kaski, one the major cities of Nepal, major tourism place and regional headquarter of Western Development
region, attracts large population from surrounding resulting 36.4% increase in population proportion and thus, land cover
is rapidly changing in the area. The research intended to find land cover change over nine years from 2000 to 2009 as well
as possible reason for the land cover change. Landsat images were obtained from USGS Glovis, National boundary data
was clipped and dissolved selecting study area, and demographic data were obtained from Central Bureau of Statistics,
Nepal for the research. Data was analyzed using Supervised Classification method with maximum likelihood parameter.
From the result, it is concluded that the urban area has increased by 47.86% in study area with the decrease in forest area
by 26.25%. The possible reason for the land cover change can be attributed to rapid increase in population growth and
rapid urbanization. Also, decrease in water resource and barren land can also be accounted to rapid urbanization and
rapid change in land use pattern though research provides sufficient room for further research in this area of study
Mapping Recent Earthquake In Nepal and Its Geo-spatial ImpactsBijesh Mishra
Nepal is located in tectonically active zone in-between three main fault lines: The Main Central Thrust, The Main Boundary Fault and The Siwaliks and The Himalayan Frontal Fault running parallel through the country resulting Indian Plate under Eurasian Plate. This country is hit by major earthquakes in every 80 to 100 years resulting into heavy losses of lives, properties and historical and world heritage sites. The story maps developed using ArcGIS online demonstrate the recent 7.6 MW Richter scale earthquake devastated locations and its major destruction in infrastructure, human lives, landscape , and impacts on human settlement and out-migration.
These slides contains information about entrance pattern and entrance exam 2069 of IAAS/TU taken for Undergraduates. (B. Sc. Ag. and B. V. Sc./A.H.). with introduction of Presenter (Some content needs to be updated)
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Predicting the Adoption of Sustainable Agriculture Practices Among Kentucky Farmers and Its Barrier
1. Bijesh Mishra*, Buddhi Gyawali
Kentucky Academy of Science
103rd Annual Meeting
Murray State University
Murray, Kentucky
November 3-4, 2017
*bijesh.mishra@kysu.edu
2. Outline of Presentation
• Introduction and Literature Review
• Objectives
• Hypothesis
• Methods
• Results
• Conclusions
• References
• Acknowledgements
3. • Agriculture has been an
important part of Kentucky
economy.
• $45.6 billion economic impact
in 2013. (Bollinger et al., 2015;
Burney & Davis, 2015).
4. Introduction and Literature Review
• US Congress (1990) defined sustainable agriculture as an integrated system
of plant and animal production practices... that will, over the long-term,
satisfy human food and fiber needs, enhance environmental quality…,
sustain economic viability…, and enhance quality of life.
• The interest in sustainable agriculture and food system can be traced back to
1950s-60s environmental degradation (Pretty, 2008) and gained prominence
after the Brundland Report in 1987 (Velten et al., 2015).
5. • Many researchers identified important roles of socioeconomic,
demographics, farm attributes, awareness, knowledge, skills, etc. in
predicting the adoption of Sustainable Agriculture Practices (SAPs) (Kabii &
Horwitz, 2006; Prokopy et al., 2008; Kornegay et al., 2010; Bertgold et al.,
2012; Carlisle, 2016)
• In contrast, Prokopy et al., (2008) found socioeconomic, demographic,
attitude variables were not significant in major studies conducted in the US
between 1980-2005.
• Adoption of SAPs, its predictors, and adoption barriers in Kentucky are not
well-understood.
Introduction and Literature Review
6. Statement of Problem
6
Designing locally accepted alternative and viable food systems requires
understanding of:
• Factors affecting the adoption of SAPs in relation to demographic and
socioeconomic conditions, farm attributes, knowledge, attitudes and
their relationships with SAPs; and
• Adoption barriers of SAPs.
7. Objectives
The specific objectives of this research are:
• To identify predictors of adoption of SAPs using farm attributes, farmer
attitudes, socioeconomic, and demographic factors.
• To evaluate barriers to adoption of SAPs among Kentucky farmers.
7
8. Hypothesis
8
• The adoption of SAPs among Kentucky farmers has a significant
relationship with farm attributes, farmer attitudes, knowledge,
socioeconomic, and demographic factors.
9. Method and Materials
• Focus group discussion
• Survey Pretested, feedbacks addressed and Mailed Mail survey
• Double-stratified sampling method for survey distribution
• Post-strata weight was applied before analyzing
• Mapped Variables using KY-Shape file.
• Negative Binomial Regression (with and without agriculture districts)
• Factor Analysis
9
19. Conclusions
• Row crop growers, farm with irrigation facilities, farmers in favor of farm
diversification, and farmers an education above a college degree are
significant and positive predictors of the adoption of SAPs.
• Age has negative relationship with the adoption of SAPs; young farmers are
important for the sustainability of agriculture in Kentucky.
• Knowledge and market factors are important to increase adoption of SAPs,
which emphasize the importance of extension outreach activities and
networking among farmers.
• The adoption of sustainable agriculture also varies significantly between
agriculture districts. Thus, it is important to consider spatial component in
research to understand the socioeconomic aspects of agriculture of
Kentucky.
19
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21. Acknowledgements
• Grant: USDA/NIFA- Farm Diversification for Strengthening of Small Farms in
KY- Award # 2014-6800621865.
• Reviewers, Survey Participants.
• College of Agriculture, Food Science and Sustainable Systems, Kentucky State
University.
• USDA/NASS.
Disclaimer: Summaries were derived using data collected in the 2014 Kentucky State University Economic Survey by the National Agriculture
Statistics Service, United States Department of Agriculture (NASS). Any interpretations and conclusion derived from the data not necessarily
represents NASS views.
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