Isaac Newton was an English scientist born in 1642 who discovered gravity when an apple fell on his head. Francisco de Goya was a Spanish painter born in 1746 who produced works ranging from colorful scenes to darker subjects reflecting his disillusionment. His works commented on Spanish society and politics, and he documented the Spanish independence movement and Napoleonic invasion. In his later years, Goya painted a series of dark works reflecting his depression and criticism of the Spanish government.

1. TWO IMPORTANT PEOPLE FROM
ENLIGHTENMENT: NEWTON AND
GOYA

2. Isaac Newton was an English scientist. He
was born in 1642 and he died in 1726.

3. Isaac Newton
accidentally
discovered
gravity when he
was under a
tree and an
apple fell on his
head.

4. Gravity is the
force that the
Earth has. It
pulls objects
toward it.

5. Francisco de
Goya

6. Francisco de Goya y
Lucientes was born
in Fuendetodos
(Zaragoza) en 1746
and died in Burdeos
(France) in 1828. He
is one of the most
important painters in
History.

7. His paintings developed
from nice and colourful
topics and scenes to
darker and sadder ones.

8. El Quitasol

9. La Gallina Ciega

10. La Condesa de
Chinchón

11. La Familia de Carlos IV

12. Los Duques de Osuna
y sus Hijos

13. Los Caprichos
It is a collection of 80 pictures.
Goya drew them with aquatint (ink)
so they are called prints
(grabados). He critisized and
made fun of some people at the
time (parents, priests, doctors,
teachers, etc.)

14. Against cruelty
with children.

15. He critizeses
the poor
education of
teachers at
that age.

16. He is against
poor education
of doctors.

17. La Maja Desnuda

18. La Maja Vestida

19. Many years ago,
there was a
device that hid the
second version
because people
considered that
showing naked
people was a sign
of bad taste.

20. Godoy was
Carlos IV's
valido.

21. GOYA AND THE
INDEPENDENCE WAR

22. Goya painted some pictures about the
Spanish Independence War from France.
In this war, Napoleón, the French
Emperor, asked Carlos IV for help. He
said to him that if Spain helped France to
conquer Portugal, they would divide
Portugal into two parts. But they French
army conquered Spain too.

24. El Dos de Mayo de 1801 o la Carga de los Mamelucos

25. Los Fusilamientos del 3 de mayo

26. THE BLACK PAINTINGS

27. Goya was really depressed at the end of his
life. He was disappointed with the Spanish
Government and he went to Burdeos in
France. He became deaf and so, he started
to decorate his house with dark-coloured
paintings with sad and sometimes horrible
topics.

28. Saturno devorando
a sus hijos.
Saturn was a roman
god. Saturn and Titan
were brothers. Titan
told Saturn that he
would be the ruler of
the world only if he
didn't have children.

29. Saturn had many children but he ate all
of them so that he could be ruling the
world. One of his sons, Jupiter, was
hidden by his mother Ops and then he
defeated Saturn.

30. Duelo a garrotazos

31. It represents a duel but not as duels were
normally done. Rich people did duels with
swords or guns, they had a godfather and
there were rules. Here, there are no rules, no
godfathers and no swords.
It criticizes the civil war: war that takes place
between people from the same country.
It also criticizes the way people solved
problems: fighting and not talking.

32. La lechera de Burdeos