The document discusses different network topologies: 1) Star topology connects each device to a central hub/server with a dedicated point-to-point link. It is easy to install and detect faults but requires more cable and is more expensive. 2) Bus topology uses a single cable to connect all computers. It is simple but heavy traffic can slow it down and breaks in the cable can disable the whole network. 3) Ring topology connects each computer directly in a circle using a token to pass information. It has equal access but failure of one computer affects all and is difficult to troubleshoot.

3.  the first work which deserves to be
considered as the beginnings of
topology is due to Euler. In 1736
Euler published a paper on the
solution of the Königsberg bridge
problem which translates into English
as The solution of a problem relating to
the geometry of position .

4.  The configuration of a
communication network of
'Computer Science' in which the
arrangement in nodes of a LAN
is connected to each other is
known as Topology. It is a term
which defines Topology in a
simple manner.

5.  StarTopology.
 Bus Topology
 Ring/Network Topology
 Tree/Extended Star
Topology.

6.  This type Topology is often called a
multi-port repeater. In a star
topology, each device has a
dedicated point to point link only
to central controller, usually called
a hub/server/host.

8. Advantages- Disadvantages-
 Easy to install  Requires more
and wire. cable length
than a linear
 Easy to detect topology. .
 More
faults and to
remove parts. expensive.

9.  The bus topology is the
simplest and most
common. It is often used
when a network
installation is small,
simple, or temporary.

11. Advantages- Disadvantages-
 In an active topology  Heavy network traffic
network, the computers can slow a bus
regenerate signals and considerably.
are responsible for
moving the data
through the network.
 On a bus network, all
the computer are
 A break in the cable or
connected to a single lake of proper
cable. termination can bring
the network down.

12.  In a ring topology, each
computer is connected directly
to the next computer in line,
forming a circle of cable. It
uses token to pass the
information from one
computer to another.

14. Advantages- Disadvantages-
 All the computers  Failure of one
have equal access to computer can affect
the network. the whole network.
 Even with many  It is difficult to
users, network troubleshoot the ring
performance is even. network.
 Adding or removing
 Allows error
computers disturbs
checking, and the network .
acknowledgement.

15.  Among all the Network
Topologies the Tree
Topology is a combination of
the bus and the Star
Topology.

17. Advantages- Disadvantages-
 Overall length of
 Point-to-point
wiring for each segment is
individual segments. limited by the type
of cabling used.
 If the backbone line
 Supported by
breaks, the entire
several hardware
segment goes down.
and software
 More difficult to
venders.
configure and wire
than other
topologies

18.  The Network of Topology
differs from place to place. But,
however, all of them have their
advantages & disadvantages. If
the server problem occurs or
server gets down, then
Topology faces its failure