Network topologies determine how devices are physically connected in a network. There are several common topology types: - Bus topology connects all devices to a single backbone cable. A break in the cable disrupts the entire network. - Ring topology connects each device directly to its neighbors in a circular configuration. A break disrupts connections until the break is repaired. - Star topology connects all devices to a central hub or switch. Failure of the hub stops the entire network until repaired. - Hierarchical/tree topology allows expansion by connecting devices in a branching structure with control points. - Mesh topology fully connects each device to every other device for continuous communication if any connection fails.

1. Network Topologies
Gujral
B.Ed

2. Topology
It refers to the arrangement or physical
layout of computer cables and other
components on the network. It can also
be called the physical layout, design,
diagram, or map of the network.
Choosing a type is a very important for it
will draw a great impact in the type of
equipment to be used in the network, in
the capabilities of the equipment, in
network growth and management.

3. Topology
 Basic geometric layout of the
network
The way computers on the
network interconnected

4. Topologies
Bus Ring
Star Hierarchical/Tree
Mesh

5. Bus Topology
Single backbone
• All hosts directly connected to backbone
• Each end of the bus must be properly terminated with a resistor or a
terminator.
• Data passes back and forth to cable until it reaches the receiving station.

6. Pros and Cons
 Advantages:  Disadvantages:
 Less Cable.  Heavy Traffic can
 Inexpensive slow down the
media and easy network, difficult
to install, simple, to isolate
reliable, easy to problems, break
extend, less in cable will
component affect many
requirement. users.

7. Ring Topology
 No backbone
 A host is directly connected to each of its
neighbors.

8. Pros and Cons
 Advantages:  Disadvantages:
 Even computer  Breakdown of a
access as well as computer will affect
performance even the rest of the user
in the presence of in the network,
many users. difficult to isolate
problems, changes
in the network
configurations will
disrupt user
operation.

9. Star Topology
 All devices connected to a central
point.
 Center of star is usually a hub or a

10. Pros and Cons
 Advantages:  Disadvantages:
 Centralized  When hub fails,
management and the rest of the
monitoring of
network
network, easy
addition and connection fails.
modification of
computer,
independence of
each other in case
of breakdown.

11. Hierarchical/Tree Topology
 Like the extended star except a computer controls
traffic—not a hub or a switch.
 Allows for expansion of an existing network.

12. Mesh Topology
 Each host has its
own connection to
every other host
 Used in situations
where
communication must
not be interrupted.