Identification of all areas contributing to problems and determining scope of projects are challenges for many organizations. A method to improve the outcomes can help reduce risk - find out how!
This PPT gives information about details about of layout of a research report or project report which is a sub-topic in Report Writing. These notes will be helpful for students (U.G & P.G) who have the subject Business Research. Method
For detailed notes kindly refer to my other PPTs
logical study about the market plan, the course of action to be taken. It related with the market aspects of the project in terms of satisfying the customer need
This lecture helps to learn how different types of processes are managed while executing a software project. this is core responsibility and one the most technical and difficult task of project manager.
Project management is a methodical approach to planning and guiding project processes from start to finish. According to the Project Management Institute, the processes are guided through five stages: initiation, planning, executing, controlling, and closing. Project management can be applied to almost any type of project and is widely used to control the complex processes of software development projects. In this presentation, various dimensions of Project Management are included like Project Finance, Project Report, Project Managers, Life cycle of the Project and many more.
This presentation covers the topic of project formulation and project appraisal. It covers the meaning of project formulation, its various stages and phases. It talks about the meaning, contents and significance of a project report. It also contains a mention about the guidelines by the Planning Commission to formulate a project report. It sheds light in the meaning project appraisal and it explains its various aspects. Enjoy learning!
Identification of all areas contributing to problems and determining scope of projects are challenges for many organizations. A method to improve the outcomes can help reduce risk - find out how!
This PPT gives information about details about of layout of a research report or project report which is a sub-topic in Report Writing. These notes will be helpful for students (U.G & P.G) who have the subject Business Research. Method
For detailed notes kindly refer to my other PPTs
logical study about the market plan, the course of action to be taken. It related with the market aspects of the project in terms of satisfying the customer need
This lecture helps to learn how different types of processes are managed while executing a software project. this is core responsibility and one the most technical and difficult task of project manager.
Project management is a methodical approach to planning and guiding project processes from start to finish. According to the Project Management Institute, the processes are guided through five stages: initiation, planning, executing, controlling, and closing. Project management can be applied to almost any type of project and is widely used to control the complex processes of software development projects. In this presentation, various dimensions of Project Management are included like Project Finance, Project Report, Project Managers, Life cycle of the Project and many more.
This presentation covers the topic of project formulation and project appraisal. It covers the meaning of project formulation, its various stages and phases. It talks about the meaning, contents and significance of a project report. It also contains a mention about the guidelines by the Planning Commission to formulate a project report. It sheds light in the meaning project appraisal and it explains its various aspects. Enjoy learning!
Customerlogo hereProject Name Project CharterCompanyOllieShoresna
Customer
logo here
Project Name: Project Charter
Company
logo here
Project Name:
Value Driven Project and Portfolio Management in the Pharmaceutical Industry
Project Charter
Project:
Value Driven Project and Portfolio Management in the Pharmaceutical Industry
Title:
Project Charter
Document number:
Version
0.1
Document status:
Final
Author:
Chellyn Jones
Responsible:
Date created:
14/08/2021
Protection class:
"For internal use only"
Document history
Version
Date
Author
Comment/Change
0.1
10/08/2021
Draft
14/08/2021
Final
Page
1Background/Project purpose or justification4
2Goals5
2.1Goals
2.2Scheduling goals/milestones
3Project product description6
4Delivery units7
4.1Delivery units/services
5Project success criteria8
6High-level risks9
7Key stakeholders10
8Assumptions, restrictions and external dependencies11
9Responsibility of the customer12
9.1Tasks
9.2Resources and staffing
10Project category13
11Project budget (overview)14
12Project startup15
13Project end16
13.1Signatures for release
Annex17
A.Glossary and abbreviations17
B.References, accompanying documents
1.
Background/Project Purpose or Justification
Pharmaceuticals' perspective has shifted as a result of the rising healthcare expenses that are currently affecting everyone, and pharmaceuticals are focusing on the generation of value in research and development. Value-driven portfolio management is a term that has long been associated with the financial sector but has recently gained popularity in the pharmaceutical industry. The notion of value-driven portfolio management focuses on connecting a company's strategic goals and objectives with resource allocation. A corporation can raise the value of pharmaceuticals while also lowering healthcare expenses by focusing on studying the risks and effects.
The project's purpose is to create a value-driven project for the pharmaceutical company by following a set of decision-making stages. The steps will include developing a targeted product profile, defining a timeframe, developing a budget that is consistent with the goal product profile, and ultimately developing a stage gate decision-making system.
2. Goals
This section addresses the goals of the project which indicate what the project intends to achieve and the milestones related to the goals established.
a. Goals
Goal
Description
Efficiency
Efficiency in the drug development process will mean that pharmaceuticals develop drugs through maximum utilization of the resources and ensuring that the waste products from the process are as minimal as possible.
Strategic alignment
The goal is to come up with projects that are aligned with financial and strategic goals of pharmaceuticals.
b. Scheduling Goals/Milestones
Schedule
Description
Phase 1
· Defining the scope and the budgets for the projects
· Developing the goals of the project.
· Evaluation of the potential risks
Phase 2
· Coming up with the key performance indicators
· Tracking per ...
This documents provides a glance on the planning activity by illustrating the associated concepts such as,
Nature of Planning
Importance and purpose of planning process
Steps in Planning and Planning Premises
Types of plans
Objectives
Decision Making
Types of planning
Hierarchy of plans
FuturePMO 2017 - Dr Andrew Schuster, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLPWellingtone
Are you looking to maximise the value that PMOs play in your organisation? Although there are many types and designs of a PMOs, each plays a role in the transformation of an organisation and the attainment of organisational goals. This presentation explores lessons of designing, delivering and assuring organisational transformation from the perspective of the PMO Cockpit. It will explore the relationships of your PMO with business as usual functions, organisational governance and other PMOs. The presenter hopes that some of the insights will help put you in the drivers seat when designing your future PMO.
Sapient Services specializes in Techno-Economic Viability (TEV), providing invaluable insights for businesses navigating technological initiatives. Our seasoned professionals conduct thorough analyses, considering costs, benefits, and risks to ensure the economic viability of technology projects. With a commitment to strategic decision-making, Sapient Services empowers businesses to align technological investments with financial goals. Trust us to guide your organization towards sound and economically viable technological solutions
ISPE guidelines - checklist for Project Managers to submit the Business case and feasibility. Really useful.
Mainly for the construction of Pharmaceutical facility, one must try to furnish these information before getting ahead
Software Engineering - Modelling Concepts + Class Modelling + Building the An...Prakhyath Rai
Software Engineering - Part 2 which describes the following topics:
Introduction, Modelling Concepts and Class Modelling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO Modelling history. Modelling as Design technique: Modelling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modelling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams.
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data Modelling Concepts.
Software Engineering - Introduction + Process Models + Requirements EngineeringPrakhyath Rai
Software Engineering - Part 1 which describes the following topics:
Introduction: The evolving role of software, The changing nature of software, Software engineering, A Process Framework, Process Patterns, Process Assessment, Personal and Team Process Models, Process Technology, Product and Process.
Process Models: Prescriptive models, Waterfall model, Incremental process models, Evolutionary process models, Specialized process models.
Requirements Engineering: Requirements Engineering Task, Initiating the Requirement Engineering process, Eliciting Requirements, developing use cases, Building the analysis model, Negotiating Requirements, Validating Requirements, Software Requirement Document.
Ethics, Professionalism and Other Emerging TechnologiesPrakhyath Rai
The Slide focusses on providing insights on following topics,
* Technology and Ethics
* Digital Privacy
* Accountability and Trust
* Threats and challenges
* Block Chain Technology
* Cloud and Quantum Computing
* Autonomic Computing
* Computer Vision
* Cyber Security
* 3D Printing
The Slide focusses on providing insights on following topics,
* Overview of IoT
* History of IoT
* Advantages of IOT
* Challenges of IOT
* Architecture of IOT
* Devices and Network
* Applications of IOT
* IOT Tools and Platforms
The slide helps to get an insight on the concepts of Artificial Intelligence.
The topics covered are as follows,
* Concept of AI
* Meaning of AI
* History of AI
* Levels of AI
* Types of AI
* Applications of AI - Agriculture, Health, Business (Emerging market), Education
* AI Tools and Platforms
The slide aids to understand and provide insights on the following topics,
* Overview for Data Science
* Definition of Data and Information
* Types of Data and Representation
* Data Value Chain - [ Data Acquisition; Data Analysis; Data Curating; Data Storage; Data Usage ]
* Basic concepts of Big Data
Emerging Exponential Technologies - History & IntroductionPrakhyath Rai
The Slide focusses on providing insights on following topics,
* Evolution of Technologies
* Introduction to Industrial Revolution
* Historical Background of the Industrial Revolution
* Introduction to Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0)
* Role of Data for Emerging Technologies
* Enabling Devices and Networks for Emerging Technologies (Programmable Devices)
* Human to Machine Interaction
* Future Trends in Emerging Technologies
The slide provides an insight towards management activities like directing, leadership, communication, coordination and controlling. The slide also illustrates the scheduling of activities in a network and computation of critical path.
The document provides an introductory glimpse of management and the history of its evolution.The document also illustrates the nature, characteristics and importance of management. Various levels of management and managerial skills are also illustrated. The document also provides information to distinguish management and administration. Certain theories of pioneers are also mapped onto the document.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
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Water billing management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project entitled “Water Billing Management System” aims is to generate Water bill with all the charges and penalty. Manual system that is employed is extremely laborious and quite inadequate. It only makes the process more difficult and hard.
The aim of our project is to develop a system that is meant to partially computerize the work performed in the Water Board like generating monthly Water bill, record of consuming unit of water, store record of the customer and previous unpaid record.
We used HTML/PHP as front end and MYSQL as back end for developing our project. HTML is primarily a visual design environment. We can create a android application by designing the form and that make up the user interface. Adding android application code to the form and the objects such as buttons and text boxes on them and adding any required support code in additional modular.
MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software. It is a stable ,reliable and the powerful solution with the advanced features and advantages which are as follows: Data Security.MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
2. Introduction
“A project is a whole complex of activities involved in using resources to gain
benefits”
“A project is an organized unit dedicated to the attainment of a goal and the successful
completion of project on time, within budget, in conformance with predetermined
program specification”
Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007
4. Project Selection
“Zeroing-in-process” of the final product/project idea.
SWOT analysis is carried out for before stepping-in or final selection of project.
Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007
5. Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007
Strengt Weaknes Opportuni
!
Threats
SWOT Analysis
6. S W
O T
SWOT Analysis Cont..
SWOT Analysis is a technique founded by Albert Humphrey who led a research
project at Stanford University in the 1960s and 1970s.
Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007
7. What is SWOT Analysis?
SWOT Analysis enables a
group/individual to handle
everyday problems and
look at traditional
strategies from a new
perspective.
It is used as
framework for
organizing and using
data and information
gained from situation
analysis of internal
and external
environment.
SWOT Analysis is a
planning tool used to
understand Strengths,
Weaknesses,
Opportunities and
Threats involved in a
project/business.
SWOT
Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007
8. S W
O T
W
O T
Strengths are:
• Characteristics of the business or team
that give it an advantage over others in the
industry.
• Positive, tangible and intangible attributes,
internal to an organization.
• Beneficial aspects of the organization or
the capabilities of an organization, which
includes human competencies, process
capabilities, financial resources, products
and services, customer goodwill and brand
loyalty.
Strengths
Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007
9. W
O
T
W
O
T
SS Some of the examples of organizational
strengths are as follows:
• Abundant financial resources
• Established brand name
• Economies of scale
• Lower production costs
• Superior management
• Excellent marketing skills
• Good supply chain distribution
• Great Employee commitment
Strengths
10. S W
O T
S
O T
Weaknesses are:
• Characteristics that place the organization
at a disadvantage relative to others.
• Detract the organization from its ability to
attain the core goal and influence its
growth.
• Factors which do not meet the standards
set in the organization.
Weaknesses
Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007
11. S
W
O
T
S
O
T
W
Examples of organizational weaknesses are as follows:
• Limited financial resources
• Low R & D Budget
• Narrow product line
• Weak supply chain distribution
• Higher production costs
• Obsolete or Out-of-date products/technology
• Poor market image and Poor marketing skills
• Weak management skills
• Under-trained employees
Weaknesses
12. S W
O T
S W
T
Opportunities are:
• Chances to make greater profits in the
environment.
• External attractive factors that represent the
reason for an organization to exist and develop.
• Condition of the environment that benefits the
organization in planning and executing
strategies that enable it to become more
profitable.
Organization should be careful and recognize the
opportunities and grasp them whenever they arise.
Opportunities may arise from market, competition,
industry/government and technology.
Opportunities
Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007
13. S W
O T
S W
O
!
Threats are:
• External elements in the environment that
could cause trouble for the business.
• External factors, beyond an organization’s
control, which could place the organization’s
mission or operation at risk.
• Conditions in external environment that
jeopardize the reliability and profitability of
the organization’s business.
Threats compound the vulnerability when they
relate to the weaknesses. Threats are
uncontrollable. When a threat comes, the stability
and survival can be at stake.
Threats
14. S
W
O
T
S
W
O
T
Some of the examples of threats for an
organization are as follows:
• Entry of foreign competitors
• Introduction of new substitute products
• Decline in product life cycle
• Changing customer needs/tastes
• New strategies adopted by rival firms
• Increased government regulation
• Economic slowdown
Threats
15. S W
O T
Strengths
(based on
analysis of):
• Strategies
• Restriction &
Control
• Performance
Weaknesses
(based on
analysis of):
• Strategies
• Restriction &
Control
• Performance
Opportunities
(based on
analysis of):
• General Environment
• Industry Environment
• Main Competitors
Threats
(based on
analysis of):
• General Environment
• Industry Environment
• Main Competitors
Objectives of SWOT Analysis
Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007
16. Project Report – Need and Significance
Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007
1he
2at
nd
3he
17. Project Report – Need and Significance Cont..
Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007
4al
5m
6re
19. S
W
O
T
S
W
T
O
Some of the examples of opportunities for an
organization are as follows:
• Rapid market growth
• Complacent rival firms
• Changing customer needs/tastes
• New uses discovered for existing product
• Economic boom,
• Government deregulation
• Decline in demand for a substitute product
Opportunities
20. Project Formulation Cont..
Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007
Financial Analysis
Techno-Economic Analysis
Social Cost-Benefit Analysis
Project Design
Network Analysis
Analysis of Inputs
Project Appraisal
Feasibility Study
21. Guidelines by Planning Commission for Project Report
Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007
A project report should first of all include an analysis of the industry to which the
project belongs. Example: Tourism industry, Infrastructure, Electric motors etc.
A project report should contain information of the promoting company with respect
to its history, board of directors, key executives, details of division etc.
A project report should contain information of the promoting company with respect
to its history, board of directors, key executives, details of division etc.
1. General Information
22. Guidelines by Planning Commission for Project Report Cont..
Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007
A project report should contain current data available on the gap between demand
and supply for the product to be produced.
A project report should contain information on the production capacity, list of
existing and proposed plants/projects, location of plant and its implication.
It should also contain information on calculation on the rate of return on
investment, account of the foreign exchange requirement and alternative cost
calculation vis-à-vis revenues.
2. Preliminary Analysis of Alternatives
23. Guidelines by Planning Commission for Project Report Cont..
Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007
Project report should contain brief description of technology chosen, information
regarding basis of selection of location.
A project report should contain information on assessment of environmental effects
of project such as on water, air, land, population, pollution, flora and fauna etc.
It should also contain a list of operational requirements to start the plant, such as
water, power, labour, transport etc.
3. Project Description
24. Guidelines by Planning Commission for Project Report Cont..
Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007
Project report should contain data on the marketing plan, demand data and
prospective supply.
A project report should contain information on forecasting techniques employed to
determine demand data and basis for selecting particular market areas.
It should also contain data on price sensitivity of the product and analysis of past
trends in prices.
4. Marketing Plan
25. Guidelines by Planning Commission for Project Report Cont..
Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007
The project report has to be as precise as possible with respect to financial
requirements and costs incurred. Information on all cost components should be
carefully collected and presented.
5. Capital Requirements and Costs
Operating costs are those costs that are incurred after the commencement of actual
production, such as raw materials, utilities, labour, transport, maintenance etc.
6. Operating Requirements and Costs
26. Guidelines by Planning Commission for Project Report Cont..
Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007
Financial availability of the project should be reported .
Depreciation calculation must be shown as specified by Bureau of Public Enterprises.
Foreign exchange requirements must be specified.
A balance sheet for the project data should be presented.
A report on tax matters must be enclosed.
7. Financial Analysis
27. Guidelines by Planning Commission for Project Report Cont..
Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007
Social profitability analysis has to be made.
Indirect cost and benefits have to be listed.
Impact on society have to be specified..
Impact of operation on foreign trade has to be reported.
Non-quantifiable things have to analyzed and their importance has to be highlighted.
8. Economic Analysis
28. Guidelines by Planning Commission for Project Report Cont..
Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007
Additional information appropriate to the project have to be included, such as level
of technology, cash flow diagram, future expansion plans, diversification plans,
scale-up plans etc.
9. Miscellaneous Aspects
29. Errors in Project Report
Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007
30. Project Appraisal
Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007
Project appraisal is basically the assessment of a project. It is the analysis of costs
and benefits of a proposed project.
Project appraisal can be carried out for both proposed as well as already-executed
projects. Appraisal of a proposed project is called ‘ex-ante analysis’ while
appraisal of a executed project is called ‘post-ante analysis’.
Project appraisal is a cost-benefit analysis of different aspects of a proposed project
with the objective of judging its viability.
31. Methods of Project Appraisal
Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007
32. Methods of Project Appraisal Cont..
Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007
Techniques for analyzing various issues in the process of project appraisal are as follows,
1. Demand Forecasting Techniques
a. Judgmental Methods
i. Opinion polls
ii. Market Trials
iii. Delphi Technique
iv. Nominal Group Technique
b. Analytical Methods
i. Time series methods
ii. Exponential smoothing
iii. Regression method
33. Methods of Project Appraisal Cont..
Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007
2. Life cycle segmentation analysis