The document discusses recent developments in pre-trained language models including ELMO, ULMFiT, BERT, and GPT-2. It provides overviews of the core structures and implementations of each model, noting that they have achieved great performance on natural language tasks without requiring labeled data for pre-training, similar to how pre-training helps in computer vision tasks. The document also includes a comparison chart of the types of natural language tasks each model can perform.

1. Pre-trained Language
model - from ELMO to GPT-2
Jiwon Kim
jiwon.kim@dpschool.io

2. Why ‘pre-trained language model’?
● Achieved great performance on a variety of language
tasks.
● similar to how ImageNet classification pre-training helps
many vision tasks (*)
● Even better than CV tasks, it does not require labeled data
for pre-training.
(*) Although recently He et al. (2018) found that pre-training might not be necessary for image segmentation task.

3. The problem of
previous
embeddings
feat., Gensim, NLTK, Scikit-learn

4. Then, what’s difference between
“I’m eating an apple”
and
“I have an Apple pencil”?

5. The gradient - Sebastian Ruder

6. Embeddings Dependent on Context

7. ELMO
ULMFiT
BERT
GPT-2

8. ELMo: Deep contextualized word
representations
AllenNLP

9. ELMO - core structure

10. ELMO - code
feat. tensorflow hub

11. ULMFiT: Universal Language Model
Fine-tuning for Text Classification
fast.ai

12. ULMFiT - core structure
Transfer-learning!

13. ULMFiT

14. ULMFiT
feat. fastai

15. BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional
Transformers for Language Understanding
Google

16. BERT - core structure

17. BERT - code

18. BERT - code
feat. huggingface

19. “You know, we could just
throw more GPUs and data at
it.”

20. GPT-2: "Language Models are
Unsupervised Multitask Learners"
OpenAI

21. GPT-2 - core structure

22. GPT-2 - code

23. A text generation sample from OpenAI’s GPT-2 language model

24. Comparing the Model
What tasks can we do with these models?

25. 1 - tricky to implement and not good accuracy
SQuAD NER SRL Sentiment Coref Text Generation
ELMO 4 3 3 3 3 2
ULMFiT 1 2 2 5 2 4
BERT 3 4 4 4 4 3
GPT-2 5 1 1 2 1 5
5 - possible and easy