The document provides an overview of literature from the Philippines' pre-colonial and Spanish periods. Some key points:
- Oral literature from the pre-colonial period included riddles, proverbs, songs, chants, epics, myths, legends, fables, and folktales. These were important ways of passing down knowledge before writing.
- When Spain colonized the Philippines from 1565-1898, they introduced the Roman alphabet and Christianity. Spanish became the language of literature and instruction. Ancient oral forms influenced written works during this period.
- The first books published in the Philippines were religious texts in Tagalog and Spanish. Notable early authors included Modesto de Castro. F
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** Disclaimer:
All of the pictures and pieces of information on this site are the property of the respective owners. I do not hold any copyright in regards to these pictures and information. These pictures have been collected from different public sources including various websites, considered to be in the public domain. If anyone has any objection to display of any picture, image or information, it may be brought to my notice by sending an email (contact me) & the disputed media will be removed immediately, after verification of the claim.
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7. Oral Literature
a. RIDDLES
b. PROVERBS
c. SONGS
• Folksongs
• Lullaby
• Serenade
d. Chants
e. Epics
f. Myths
g. Legends
h. Fables
i. Folktales
Forms of Literature
8. Pre-Spanish
Literature
LEGENDS arenarrative prose whichaim to
entertain and tell the story of
how an object, place, or name
originated.
FOLKTALES are narratives about life, quest,
love,horror,and comedy where
one canget lessons about life.
EPICS are long narrative poems that dealt
with the protagonists’ or heroes’
series of heroic achievements or
events.
9. Pre-Spanish
Literature
MYTHS are narratives that describe and
portray in symbolic language the
origin of the basic elements and
assumptionsof a culture
FOLK
SONG
S
are one of the eldest types of
Philippine literaturethat appeared in
the Pre-Spanish time. Folk songs
reflect and preserve the culture of
the earlyFilipinos
10. A. RIDDLES
•are like Proverbs
•demands an answer
•used in battle of wits
•Flippant in nature.
11. Riddle (bugtong)
Made up of one or more measured lines
with rhymes and may consist of 4 to 12
syllables.
Showcase the Filipino wit, literary
talent, and keen observation of the
surroundings.
Involves reference to one or two
images that symbolize the
characteristics of an unknown object
that is to be guessed.
12. Purpose of bugtong
To entertain. Living in remote areas, before the advent of
electricity, families would sit around the fire and the elders would
quiz the younger generation with riddles.
To educate. Riddles serve the function of passing down knowledge
from one generation to the next. They require thinking in order to
solve them.
To excite. Many old Filipino riddles were intended to amuse the
men and shock the women.
To curse, without expressing cursing. A riddle could be made up
against an enemy, rival town, or suitor.
To preserve the culture. Riddles communicate the old ways from
one generation to the next.
19. Examples of ancient Filipino poetry
Dalawang Balon
Hindi Malingon
Sa araw ay Bungbong
Sa gabi ay dahon
20. Examples of ancient Filipino
poetry
Sang dalagang marikit
Nakaupo sa tinik
Kung bayaa’y nabubuhay
Kung himasi’y namamatay
21. Examples of ancient Filipino
poetry
It can fly. It has butter in it. But
you cannot eat it.
It is very entertaining. It
teaches you how to make tea.
Or how to catch a bee. If you
watch it for hours.
You are not free…
22. example
Ate mo, ate ko, Ate ng lahat
ng tao. (My sister your sister,
everyone’s sister)
Atis (Sugar Apple)
23. B. PROVERBS
• Practical observations and
philosophy
• Rhyming scheme
• Entertaining and informative
“Kung ano ang puno, siya ang
bunga” “Kung walang tiyaga,
walang nilaga”
24. Salawikain & Sawikain
Epigrams/ Maxims/ Proverbs
Short poems that have been customarily
been used and served as laws or rules on
good behavior by our ancestors.
Allegories or parables that impart lessons
for the young
Often expressing a single idea, that is
usually satirical and had a witty ending,
25. Ex. Of salawikain
Ang matapat na kaibigan,
Tunay na maasahan
Lumalakad ang kalabasa,
Naiiwan ang bunga
26. Ex. Of salawikain
Ang matapat na kaibigan,
Tunay na maasahan
Lumalakad ang kalabasa,
Naiiwan ang bunga
27. Ex. Of salawikain
• Ang lubid nalalagot,
Kung saang dako marupok
• Aanhin pa ang damo,
Kung patay na ang kabayo
• Ang sumisira sa bakal,
Ay kanya ring kalawang
28. Ex. Of sawikain
• Kung ano ang ginagawa ng matanda,
Ay siyang gagawin din ng bata
• Nasa Diyos ang awa,
Nasa tao ang gawa
• Pagkahaba-haba man ng prusisyon,
Sa simbahan din ang tuloy.
29. Ex. Of sawikain
• Malakas ang loob,
Mahina ang tuhod.
• Tulak ng bibig,
Kabig ng dibdib.
• Kumukulo ang dugo
• Isulat sa tubig
31. C.SONGS
a. Folk Songs
(Awit ng
Bayan)
Songs with
lines often
describe ad
repetitive,
didactic and
sonorous.
Oralliterature
32. C.SONGS
b. Lullaby (Oyayi)
Consists of
soothing
songs with
lines often
sung to put
babies to
sleep.
Oralliterature
33. C.S
O
N
G
S
Maturug,duduaya
Maturog kad tay
bunga,
Tay lalaki nga
napigsa
Ta inton dumakkel
tay bunga,
Taya mon a ibaga
me.
C.S
O
N
G
S
G to sleep, dear
little one
Will my child
please sleep,
This strong boy
So when the child
grows big
He will obey
Everything that
we say.
Oralliterature
39. Oral
literature
C.C
H
A
N
T
S
Tabi- tabi po, Ingkong,
makikiraan po lamang
(Tagalog)
Bari-bari po, Apo,
umisbo lang ti tao.
(Ilokano)
Ikaw ang nagnanakaw
ng bigas ko
Lumuwa sana ang mata
mo
D.C
H
A
N
T
S
Tabi- tabi po, Ingkong,
makikiraan po lamang
(Tagalog)
Bari-bari po, Apo,
umisbo lang ti tao.
(Ilokano)
Ikaw ang nagnanakaw
ng bigas ko
Lumuwa sana ang mata
mo
Mamaga sana ang
katawan mo
Patayin ka ng mga anito.
42. E. Epics
This is an extended narrative about
heroic exploits often under supernatural
control.
A. Biag ni Lam-Ang- Ilokano
B. Hudhud at Alim- Ifugao
C. Ibalon at Asnon- Bicol
D. Kumintang- Tagalog
44. Epics
E. Maragtas, Haraya at Lagda- Bisaya
F. Hari ng Bukid- Negros
G. Bantugan- Muslim
H. Bidasari- Malay Muslim
I. Indarapatra at Sulayman- Mindanao
J. Hinlawod- Panay
K. Tuwaang- Bagobo
45. F. MYTHS
Symbolic
narratives, usually
of unknown origin
and at least partly
traditional, that
ostensibly relate
actual events and
are especially
associated with
religious belief.
46. F
. MYTHS
Ancient Filipino
myths;
Ex. The Story of
Bathala
Ang Pag-aaway ng
Dagat at LAngit,.
Oralliterature
47. G.LEGENDS
Known as alamat, are
stories that explain
the origin of things
and phenomena in
the surrounding
world.
The Legend of
Mariang Makiling, The
Legent of Mayon, and
The Legend of
Sampaguita
Oralliterature
48. H. Fables
Brief stories for the
children of the native
Filipinos.
Talk about the
supernatural; or
extraordinary people
and usually narrates
to demonstrate a
moral or life lesson.
Oralliterature
49. H. Fables
Use animals as
characters to
represent a particular
attribute or
characteristic.
One of the most
orally narrated
Filipino is Ang
Matsing at ang
Pagong
by Dr. Jose
Oralliterature
50. I. FOLKTALES
(KWENTONG BAYAN)
Stories that deal
with the power of
nature-personified,
their submission to
a deity (Bathala),
and how the deity
is responsible for
the blessings and
the curses in the
form of calamities.
Oralliterature
52. SP
ANISH
PERIOD
(1565-1898)
SpanishInfluences on PhilippineLiterature
Alibata was the earliest Filipino writing system which
was replaced by the Roman alphabet,
The basis for religious practices was theChristian
Doctrine
TheSpanish language, which lent many of its words
to our language, served as the medium of instruction
and language of literature.
Our songs, corridos,and moro-moros were mostly
about the legends and traditions from Europe.
53. SP
ANISH
PERIOD
(1565-1898)
SpanishInfluences on PhilippineLiterature
Ancient literaturewas translatedand became
available inTagalog and other dialects.
Grammar books were published in different
Filipino languages such as Tagalog, Ilocano,
andVisayan.
Several magazines and periodicals were
written in religious light and tone.
54.
55. SP
ANISH
PERIOD
(1565-1898)
THE FIRSTBOOKS
TheChristian
Doctrine
(DoctrinaCristiana)
This was the first Tagalog and
Spanish book published in the
Philippines in 1593 inXylography.
Libro de losCuatro
Post Primeras de
Hombre
This was the first book publishedin
typography.
Nuestra Senoradel
Rosario
This was the second book printedin
the Philippines authored by Fr
.
Blancas deSan Jose in 1602.
56.
57. SP
ANISH
PERIOD
(1565-1898)
THE FIRSTBOOKS
Ang Barlaanat
Josephat
This book was the first Biblical story
published in thePhilippines.
ThePassion This book narrates the life and sufferings of
Jesus Christ, and it is normally recited
during the lentseason.
Urbana atFelisa The father of Tagalog classic prose,
Modesto deCastro authored this book.
Ang Mga DalitKay
Maria (Psalms for
Mary)
This is a collection of songs praisingVirgin
Mary.
59. Leron, leron sinta
Buko ng papaya,
Dala-dala'y buslo,
Sisidlan ng bunga,
Pagdating sa dulo
Nabali ang sanga
Kapos kapalaran,
Humanap ng iba.
Gumising ka, Neneng,
Tayo'y manampalok,
Dalhin mo ang buslo
Sisidlan ng hinog.
Pagdating sa dulo
Lalamba-lambayog,
Kumapit ka, neneng,
Baka ka mahulog.
Leron, leron sinta
Buko ng papaya,
Dala-dala'y buslo,
Sisidlan ng bunga,
Pagdating sa dulo'y
Nabali ang sanga
Kapos kapalaran
Humanap ng iba
61. SP
ANISH
PERIOD
(1565-1898)
RECREATIONALPLAYS
Tibag This is a ritual to remind the people about the search of
Saint Helena for the Holy Cross where Jesus Christ was
nailed and died.
Lagaylay is a special occasion to get together during the month
of May for the Pilarenos ofSorsogon
Cenaculo is a dramatic performance to re-enact the passion and
death of Jesus Christ. There are two kinds of cenaculo:
a.Cantada which is chanted like the Passion, and the
b.Hablada which has a more dignified theme where the
lines are spoken in a more deliberate manner showing the
rhythmic measure of each verse and stanza.
62.
63. SPANISH
PERIOD
(1565-1898)
RECREATIONALPLAYS
Panunuluyan is a play where the search of Virgin
Mary and Saint Joseph for an inn to
deliver the babyJesus is reenacted.
Salubong is an Easter Sunday play, usually held
before sunrise, stages the meeting of
the Risen Jesus Christ and His
Mother.
Carillo (also known as shadow play) is a
dramatic entertainment
performed during darknights.
64.
65. SPANISH
PERIOD
(1565-1898)
RECREATIONALPLAYS
Zarzuela (also known as theFather of Drama) is
a musical comedyor melodrama.
Sainete is a brief yet exaggerated musical
comedy wherein the characters
depicted came from the lower
class.
Moro-Moro is a play held in every city fiesta for the
individuals to enjoy and
commemorate theirChristianity.
66.
67. SPANISH
PERIOD
(1565-1898)
RECREATIONALPLAYS
Karagatan
/Duplo
is a poetic competition where a
tradition is performed based on a
legend about a princess who dropped
her ring into the middle of the ocean
and who offered her hand in marriage
to anyone who can find it.
Balagtasan is a poetic debate about a socially-
relevant topic or issue. This is held in
honor of Francisco “Balagtas”
Baltazar.
77. ACTIVITY 1
one whole sheet of yellow paper
1.What is the relevance of studying
precolonial forms of literature?
2.Among the five forms of literature
mentioned, what are you most familiar
with and why?