cescpptfinal-220424133321 [Autosaved].pptx

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT,
SOLIDARITY, AND CITIZENSHIP
Grade 12- HUMSS

What is Community?
 It is a small or large social unit that has
something in common, such as norms,
religion, values, or identity.

WHY DO WE NEED TOLEARN
ABOUT COMMUNITIES?

Different Social Science
investigation and critical analysis to develop a body of knowledge
D
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 is the scientific study of society, patterns of social
relationships, social interaction, and culture of everyday life. It is
a social science that uses various methods of empirical
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acceptance, and change or social evolution
 is the study of humans and human behavior and societies in
the past and present.
Political Science
is a social science which deals with systems of governance,
and the analysis of political activities, political thoughts, and
political behavior.

Social Psychology
 It refers to the branch of psychology that scientifically
studies social behavior
, especially the interaction and
influence of individuals and groups on each other
.
Public Administration
Isthe implementation of government policy and also an academic
discipline that studies this implementation and prepares civil servants for
working in the public service.
Human Geography
 The branch of geography dealing with how human activity
affects or is influenced by the earth’s surface
Linguistics
 Isthe scientific study of language. Itinvolves analyzing language in context.

Development Studies
 Isa multi-disciplinary branch of socialscience.
Economics
 Isthe social science that studies the production, distribution
and consumption of goods and services.
History
 Refer to the academic discipline which uses
a narrative to examine and analyse a sequence of past
events, and objectively determine the patterns of cause
Law
a
n
deffect that determine them.
 Isa system of rules that are created and enforced
through social or governmental institutions to

COMMUNITY
Community • Late Middle English
term
Communita
(Latin
• Which means
“Fellowship”
Communis
(Latin Root)
• Means
“Common

PERSPECTIVEOFA COMMUNITY
Social Science Perspective
Interaction Relationships
Bond formed by
individuals with
other individuals

Below are some general definitions of community using a social science
perspective:
 An informally organized social entity, characterized by a
sense of identity;
 A group of people living in the same defined area,sharing
common basic values, organization, and interest;
 A population which is geographically focused existing as
unique social entity with a collective identity and purpose;
and
 A group of people with diverse characteristic, linked by
social ties, formed and consolidated by their collective
aspirations , sharing and exchanging perspectives, and are
collectively engaged to do some concerted action in a
geographical location or setting.

INSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVE
SOCIAL INSTITUTION
Is social structure and social mechanism of social order and
cooperation that govern the behavior of its members.
Is a group of social positions, connected by social relations,
performing a social role

Institution
 Are established rules that ensure the regular and
predictable behavior of actors within a community.

CATEGORIESOFINSTITUTION
Formal Institution
Are explicitly communicated, embodied in legally codified
documents or artifacts
These serve as basis for the authority to be executed or
expressed.

Informal Institutions
Are practices, norms, traditions, culture, conduct, and
belief systems of a community.
These are not codified or written, but are
nonetheless embedded in communities, operating
due to the interactive process of preference
exchanges and social expectations that occur therein.
Normative
Refers to the ideal standards, models, or conduct
that is based on what is collectively considered as
appropriate or proper

CIVIL SOCIETY PERSPECTIVE
Civil Society
 Refers to a political community of
organized groups operating within the
authoritative parameters of the state.

Non-Government Organization
 An organization that operates independently
of any government, typically one whose
purpose is to address a social or political issue.

Peoples Organization
Are independent, autonomous entities, officially
registered and acknowledged as organizations
according to the rules and standards set by the state

 Is the agency of the Government of the
Philippines responsible for regulating
the securities industry in the Philippines. In addition
to its regulatory functions, the SECalso maintains the
country's company register.

Beneficiary- Is the recipient of the results of the
development efforts
Legitimate- Lawfully/recognized organization
Bogus- Fake or Spurious organization

Social Movement
 Isa form of collective behavior which springs largely
from the attitudes and aspiration of its participants
Mass Action
 Operates based on planned strategies and tactics for
pursuing goal and objective.

ORGANIC PERSPECTIVE
 Refers to local or grassroots groups within a
particular locale that are driven and organized
because of community issues and concerns.

DI
INDIVIDUAL
MENSIONS OF A
COMMUNITY

Interrelationship
 Itcan be facilitated through familial relations, affinities
or feeling of kinship, and social network

Organization
 Is an entity comprising multiple people, such
as an institution or an association, that has a
particular purpose.

DI
STRUCTURAL
MENSIONS OF A
COMMUNITY

STRUCTURALDIMENSION OFA COMMUNITY
Geographic Dimension
 It focuses on how a community is shaped by the
physical space it uses and the location of its
resources--- Human, natural, technological.

Socio-Political Dimension
 Refers to the relationships of power and control
between individuals and groups in a community.

Economic Dimension
 Refers to the means by which members of a
community allocate, produce, and distribute
scarce resources to address their wants and
needs.

Exchange Value
 The quantified worth of a good or
service as compared to other objects
in the market.

Cultural Dimension
 Itencompasses the values and beliefs that are
passed on from one generation to another
.

Culture
 Itrefers to the people’s way of life

D
COMMUNITY
YNAMICS AND
PROCESSES

TWO KINDS OFPOWERSTRUCTURESIN A COMMUNITY
Formal Power Structure
 Are form the legal-authoritative basis of elected and appointed
government officials and leaders of civic organization
Informal Power Structure
 Refers to the ability to lead, direct or achieve without anofficial
leadership title
Legal Authoritative decision-makers
 Are individuals or bodies whose authority is based on formal rules
and institution

Influencer
 The person with the most influence, who can lead others to achieve
a goal or accomplish a certain task.
Leadership
Refers to the process and qualities of command
and decisiveness with regard to the necessary
actions that ensure the welfare of the community.

Community Leader
 Are individuals selected, nominated, and appointed as
stewards, vanguard, and champions of issues relevant to a
community

 Production-Distribution-
Consumption
 Socialization
 Social Control
 Social Participation
 Mutual Support
FUNCTIONS OFA COMMUNITY

The community provides its members
with the means to make a living. This
may be agriculture, industry, or
services.
There are fishermen, farmers,
carpenters, vendors and many others.

 PRODUCTION- The creation and/ or
gathering of goods and services.
 DISTRIBUTION- When the products are
ready and are all ready to be sold.
 CONSUMPTION- When these goods
are being used by members of the
community.
 Production-Distribution-Consumption

No community can survive if it does not provide some
way for its people to make a living and obtain the
material resources that they need for living. This
involves, first of all, the industrial sector (broadly
understood). Someone has to take raw material and
fashion it into some sort of useful
product. It is also the transportation/warehousing/retail
sector, since somehow the goods that are produced
have to be moved to and through the market. Finally,
production and distribution are useless if there is no

Specifically stated, when a fisherman
goes to the sea to catch fish, he is in
the process of production. When he
goes back ashore and people buy his
catch, that is distribution. When the
people who buy his catch cook the
fish for the family, that is

 The community has means by which it instills its
norms and values in its members. This may be
tradition, modeling, and/or formal education.
 Children in homogenous neighborhoods may
miss out on opportunities to interact with other
children of differing values and backgrounds,
and children from heterogenous
neighborhoods are more likely to interact with
children of different backgrounds at school or
 SOCIALIZATION

 Second, no community can survive it does not
arrange for its continuation. A way must be
found for children to learn what they will need
to know to be adults; for workers to develop the
knowledge, skills and abilities to do their jobs;
for in-migrants (whether they are from the
neighboring State or from across the ocean) to
learn how we do things here.
 SOCIALIZATION

Housing arrangements and types of houses
affects the interactions among people
living in a neighborhood. In subdivisions
where houses are most often enclosed,
people tend to interact only with residents
within the same subdivision as compared
with a village where houses have no fences
and can interact with anyone.
 SOCIALIZATION

As a young person living in a non-
exclusive community, you can associate
with just anyone and is free to go
anywhere (before the COVID-19
pandemic). Your association with others
- whether people of your age, younger
than you or those who are way older
 SOCIALIZATION

Community involvement influences a
children's socialization, including
physical factors, economic factors,
and social and personal factors. As
you involve yourself in the activities
within the community, you learn
more about others and about
 SOCIALIZATION

 The community has the means to enforce
adherence to community values. This may
be group pressure to conform and/or
formal laws.
 In your respective homes, your parents
have imposed rules. If you or your sibling
fails to follow those rules, you will be
punished. This is called control.
 SOCIAL CONTROL

Cesare Beccaria’s “On Crimes and
Punishments” argues that people will
avoid criminal behavior if their acts
result in harsher punishment, stating
that changes in punishment will act as
a form of social control.
 SOCIAL CONTROL

Sociologist Émile Durkheim also
explored social control in the work
“The Division of Labor in Society” and
discusses the paradox of deviance,
stating that social control is what
makes us abide by laws in the first
 SOCIAL CONTROL

defined by Merriam Webster, is
known as certain rules and
standards in society that keep
individuals bound to
conventional standards as well as
the use of formalized
 SOCIAL CONTROL

The community fulfills the need for
companionship. This may occur in a
neighborhood, church, business, or other
group.
Participation is a very broad concept that
means different things to different people
(Hussein 1995. One commonality to all
definitions is the role of community in
decision-making. As such participation is often
 SOCIAL PARTICIAPATION

 In the context of development, community participation
refers to an active process whereby beneficiaries
influence the direction and execution of development
projects rather than merely receive a share of project
profits.
 Participation means the involvement of intended
beneficiaries in the planning, design, implementation
and subsequent maintenance of the development
intervention. It means that people are mobilized,
manage resources and make decisions that affect their
 SOCIAL PARTICIAPATION

The community enables its members to
cooperate in order to accomplish tasks too
large or too urgent to be handled by a
single person. Supporting a community
hospital with tax dollars and donations is
an example of people cooperating to
accomplish the task of health care.
 MUTUAL SUPPORT

One of the purposes of community is to “share
the journey”, and to motivate and encourage
each other along the way. In fact, some would
say that this is the primary reason for
community (except for mutual support, why
not live as a hermit?). Much of this is done
informally, although we recognize an entire
sector of the economy (the nonprofit, or third
sector) as existing for this purpose.
 MUTUAL SUPPORT

In a support group, members provide each
other with various types of help, usually
nonprofessional and nonmaterial, for a
particular shared, usually burdensome,
characteristic. Members with the same
issues can come together for sharing
coping strategies, to feel more
empowered and for a sense of community.
 MUTUAL SUPPORT

 The help may take the form of providing
and
evaluating relevant information, relating
personal experiences, listening to and
accepting others' experiences, providing
sympathetic understanding and establishing
social networks. A support group may also
work to inform the public or engage in
 MUTUAL SUPPORT

TYPOLOGIESOFCOMMUNITY
Formal-Informal Typology
Emphasizes leadership and power relations in the community.
Formal Community
 Are characterized by institutionally structured hierarchies,
which define the relationship between authoritative and
subordinate actors and groups.

Informal Community
Are seen to typically operate through socio-cultural
mechanisms within the community structures.

Local-Global Typology
Focuses on the scope and breadth of communities with respect to its
geographic dimensions and the reach of its other dimensions.
Local Community
 Isa group of individuals interacting within a shared environment.

Global Community
Stretches beyond the frontiers of a local community,
transcending national, supranational, and regional
d
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i
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s
s
t.of individuals and groups who share
values, beliefs, preferences, needs, risks, interest,
identities, and other attributes beyond physical ,cultural,

Rural-Urban Typology
 Isbased on the distinction in terms of development,
industrialization, ecological conditions, and life style.
Rural Community
Are characterized as pastoral, agricultural, and located
along the periphery of urban centers or in the countryside

Urban Community
 Are described as industrialized and
commercial centers where population
density is relatively high compared to rural
communities.

Community Sector
 Isa broad set of community-based organizations
that voluntarily and autonomously function beyond
government or state.

According to the picture shown, give your own
words/phrases using the acronym below
R U
U R
R B
A A
L N

Group activity: Go to
your respective
group/s.

Arrange the word/words to form a
correct word/s.
1. ytmmuocin

correct word/s.
2. olcatnoilorab

correct word/s.
3. tenmenegag

correct word/s.
4. iplbuc

correct word/s.
5. iytacablpi

correct word/s.
6. eeripdhlas

correct word/s.
7. iunntoicyt

correct word/s.
8. octemnitmm

correct word/s.
9. tiylardsoi

correct word/s.
10.
hisptzencii

correct word/s.
11.
secinceonc

correct word/s.
12. ativepr

correct word/s.
13.
ocectnnion

correct word/s.
14. acydnmi

correct word/s.
15. ctoain

GROUP ACTIVITY RESULT (33+2=35 POINTS)
GROUP 1 GROUP 2 GROUP 3 GROUP 4 GROUP 5 GROUP 6 GROUP 7
1. Community 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2. Collaboration 0 2 2 0 2 0 2
3. Engagement 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
4. Public 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
5. Capability 0 2 2 2 2 2 2
6. Leadership 2 2 2 0 0 2 2
7. Continuity 3 3 0 3 0 3 0
8. Commitment 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
9. Solidarity 3 0 3 3 3 0 3
10. Citizenship 0 0 2 2 2 0 2
11. Conscience 3 0 0 3 3 3 0
12. Private 2 2 2 2 2 0 2
13. Connection 2 2 2 0 2 0 2
14. Dynamic 2 2 2 2 0 2 2
15. Action 2 2 0 2 2 0 0
TOTAL 27+2 25+2 25+2 27+2 26+2 20+2 25+2

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT
 Is a dynamic relational process that facilitates communication, interaction,
involvement, and exchange between an organization and a community for
a range of social and organizational outcomes.
 It refers to the process of working collaboratively with and through
groups of people affiliated by geographic proximity, special interest,
or similar situations to address issues affecting the well being of
those people.

SOLIDARITY
Refers to the idea of unity or feeling of agreementamong
individuals with a common interest.
 is an awareness of shared interests, objectives, standards, and
sympathies cause creating a psychological sense of unity of groups or
classes.

Citizen A person having
title of citizenship.

CITIZENSHIP
 is the status of a person recognized under the
custom or law as being a legal member of a
sovereign state or belonging to anation.

Kinds of Citizen
1.Jus sanguinis
 parents are citizens
2.Jus soli
 born within a country

Naturalization
 either born in or
outside the Philippines
to non- Filipino parents

Naturalization
 a process by which a
foreigner is adopted and
clothed with the
privileges of a citizen
through qualifications.

A. Republic Act 9139, Administrative
Naturalization Law
Born in the Philippines and residing
therein since birth.
B. Commonwealth 473, Revised
Naturalization Law
Either born in or outside of the
Philippines, provided that they comply
with minimum 10 years residency.

C. Republic Act 10356 & 10148,
Legislative Naturalization Law
Granted for who have rendered
outstanding service and
significantly contributed to the
development of the country and of
the Filipino people.

Individual Activity: MAKE A TAG
CLOUD IN A WORD
“COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT”.
USE YOUR MOBILE PHONES IN
EDITING. (March 29, 2023)
(Any APPLICATION FOR EDITING)

COMMUNITY ACTION AND
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

COMMUNITY ACTION
 A collective action by a community for the
purposes of arresting a crisis, addressing a
challenge, solving a problem, or accomplishing a
specific outcome

PARTNERSHIP BUILDING
Refers to linking and strengthening the shared
interest of sectors and accomplish common
goals and objectives for mutual benefit

PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP
 is a cooperative arrangement between two
or more public and private sectors, typically
of a long-term nature.

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
 is a process where community members come together to
take collective action and generate solutions to common
problems. Community wellbeing (economic, social,
environmental and cultural) often evolves from this type of
collective action being taken at a grassroots level.

PROCESSOFCOMMUNITY DEVELOPMENTHAS THEFOLLOWING CHARACTERISTIC
It involves participation from a big segment of acommunity
It is participated by well informed members
It results to the decisions made through a consensus among
community member
It encourages group building, leadership development, and capacity
building among community members, while addressing the issue at
hand.
It uses a systematic approach in addressing local concerns
It is an examination of community problems issues in its entity and
not as isolated and independent cases
It uses processes that are flexible and may be applied to other
community concerns.
It is initiated often as a result of a potential or locally perceived crisis

CAPABILITY
COMMITMENT
CONTRIBUTION
CONTINUITY
COLLABORATION
CONSCIENCE

ISSUESAND
PROBLEMS OF
COMMUNITIES

ISSUE
 Is a subject matter that people argue about or discus

COMMUNITY PROBLEMS
 Are conditions or qualifications of issues that are undesired
by members of a community

CHARACTERISTICOFA COMMUNITY PROBLEM
Impact It has a direct and adverse impact on
a community
Duration It frequently occurs
Scope
and
Rang
e
It affects many people within the
community and those in proximal
areas.
Severity It disrupts community life
Equity It deprives people of moral and legal
rights
Perceptio It is perceived as a problem by the

END of 2nd Semester-1st QUARTER

Human Rights
 Are rights inherent to all human beings,
regardless of race, sex, nationality, ethnicity,
language, religion, or any other status.

The Universal Declaration of
Human Rights
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
(UDHR) is a milestone document in the
history of human rights. Drafted by
representatives with different legal and
cultural backgrounds from all regions of the
world, the Declaration was proclaimed by
the United Nations General Assembly in
Paris on 10 December 1948 (General
Assembly resolution 217 A) as a common
standard of achievements for all peoples
and all nations. It sets out, for the first time,
fundamental human rights to be universally
protected and it has been translated into
over 500 languages

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Article 1 Right to Equality
Article 2 Freedom from Discrimination
Article 3 Right to Life, Liberty, Personal Security
Article 4 Freedom from Slavery
Article 5 Freedom from Torture and Degrading Treatment
Article 6 Right to Recognition as a Person before the Law
Article 7 Right to Equality before the Law
Article 8 Right to Remedy by Competent Tribunal
Article 9 Freedom from Arbitrary Arrest and Exile
Article 10 Right to Fair Public Hearing
Article 11 Right to be Considered Innocent until Proven Guilty

Article 12 Freedom from Interference with Privacy, Family,
Home and Correspondence
Article 13 Right to Free Movement in and out of the Country
Article 14 Right to Asylum in other Countries from Persecution
Article 15 Right to a Nationality and the Freedom to Change It
Article 16 Right to Marriage and Family
Article 17 Right to Own Property
Article 18 Freedom of Belief and Religion
Article 19 Freedom of Opinion and Information
Article 20 Right of Peaceful Assembly and Association

Article 21 Right to Participate in Government and in Free
Elections
Article 22 Right to Social Security
Article 23 Right to Desirable Work and to Join Trade Unions
Article 24 Right to Rest and Leisure
Article 25 Right to Adequate Living Standard
Article 26 Right to Education
Article 27 Right to Participate in the Cultural Life of
Community
Article 28 Right to a Social Order that Articulates this
Document
Article 29 Community Duties Essential to Free and Full
Development

Leah Tanodra-Armamento
Chairperson, Commission on Human Rights

WRITOFHABEAS CORPUS
 Is a recourse in law through which a person can report
an unlawful detention or imprisonment to a court and request
that the court order the custodian of the person, usually a
prison official, to bring the prisoner to court, to determine
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etentionis lawful.
 Is a remedy available to any person whose right to privacy in
life, liberty or security is violated or threatened by an unlawful
act or omission of a public official or employee, or of aprivate
individual or entity engaged in the gathering, collecting or
storing of data or information regarding the person, family,
home and correspondence of the aggrieved party.

ARTICLE III
BILL OF RIGHTS
 Section 1. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due
process of law, nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of the laws.
 Section 2. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses,
papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures of whatever
nature and for any purpose shall be inviolable, and no search warrant or
warrant of arrest shall issue except upon probable cause to be determined
personally by the judge after examination under oath or affirmation of the
complainant and the witnesses he may produce, and particularly describing the
place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized.
 Section 3.
The privacy of communication and correspondence shall be inviolable except
upon lawful order of the court, or when public safety or order requires otherwise,
as prescribed by law.
Any evidence obtained in violation of this or the preceding section shall be
inadmissible for any purpose in any proceeding.

 Section 4. No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech, of
expression, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble
and petition the government for redress of grievances.
 Section 5. No law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion, or
prohibiting the free exercise thereof. The free exercise and enjoyment of
religious profession and worship, without discrimination or preference, shall
forever be allowed. No religious test shall be required for the exercise of civil or
political rights.
 Section 6. The liberty of abode and of changing the same within the limits
prescribed by law shall not be impaired except upon lawful order of the court.
Neither shall the right to travel be impaired except in the interest of national
security, public safety, or public health, as may be provided by law.
 Section 7. The right of the people to information on matters of public concern
shall be recognized. Access to official records, and to documents and papers
pertaining to official acts, transactions, or decisions, as well as to government
research data used as basis for policy development, shall be afforded the
citizen, subject to such limitations as may be provided by law.

 Section 8. The right of the people, including those employed in
the public and private sectors, to form unions, associations, or
societies for purposes not contrary to law shall not be abridged.
 Section 9. Private property shall not be taken for public use
without just compensation.
 Section 10. No law impairing the obligation of contracts shall be
passed.
 Section 11. Free access to the courts and quasi-judicial bodies
and adequate legal assistance shall not be denied to any person
by reason of poverty.

 Section 12.
1. Any person under investigation for the commission of an offense shall have the right to be
informed of his right to remain silent and to have competent and independent counsel
preferably of his own choice. If the person cannot afford the services of counsel, he must be
provided with one. These rights cannot be waived except in writing and in the presence of
counsel.
2.No torture, force, violence, threat, intimidation, or any other means which vitiate the free will
shall be used against him. Secret detention places, solitary, incommunicado, or other similar
forms of detention are prohibited.
3.Any confession or admission obtained in violation of this or Section 17 hereof shall be
inadmissible in evidence against him.
4. The law shall provide for penal and civil sanctions for violations of this Section as well as
compensation to the rehabilitation of victims of torture or similar practices, and their families.
 Section 13. All persons, except those charged with offenses punishable by reclusion
perpetua when evidence of guilt is strong, shall, before conviction, be bailable by sufficient
sureties, or be released on recognizance as may be provided by law. The right to bail shall
not be impaired even when the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus is suspended. Excessive
bail shall not be required.

 Section 14.
1.No person shall be held to answer for a criminal offense without due
process of law.
Inall criminal prosecutions, the accused shall be presumed innocent until the
contrary is proved, and shall enjoy the right to be heard by himself and
counsel, to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation against
to have a speedy, impartial, and public trial, to meet the witnesses face to
and to have compulsory process to secure the attendance of witnesses and
production of evidence in his behalf.
2. However
, after arraignment, trial may proceed notwithstanding the
of the accused: Provided, that he has been duly notified and his failure to
appear is unjustifiable.
 Section 15. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be
suspended except in cases of invasion or rebellion, when the public safety
requires it.
 Section 16.All persons shall have the right to a speedy disposition of their

Section 18.
1.No person shall be detained solely by reason of his political beliefs and aspirations.
2.No involuntary servitude in any form shall exist except as a punishment for a crime
whereof the party shall have been duly convicted.
Section 19.
1.Excessive fines shall not be imposed, nor cruel, degrading or inhuman punishment
inflicted. Neither shall death penalty be imposed, unless, for compelling reasons involving
heinous crimes, the Congress hereafter provides for it. Any death penalty already imposed
shall be reduced to reclusion perpetua.
2.The employment of physical, psychological, or degrading punishment against any
prisoner or detainee or the use of substandard or inadequate penal facilities under
subhuman conditions shall be dealt with by law.
Section 20. No person shall be imprisoned for debt or non-payment of a poll tax.
Section 21. No person shall be twice put in jeopardy of punishment for the same offense.
If an act is punished by a law and an ordinance, conviction or acquittal under either shall
constitute a bar to another prosecution for the same act.
Section 22. No ex post facto law or bill of attainder shall be enacted.

 Is a concept of fair and just relations between the
individual and society. This is measured by the
explicit and tacit terms for the distribution of wealth,
opportunities for personal activity, and social
privileges.
Social Justice

“Social Justice as the
humanization of laws
and the equalization of
laws and the
equalization of social
and economic forces by
the so that justice may
at least be
approximated”

Senator Jose W. Diokno
Social Justice is a system of law that
 seeksto attain the following objectives:
 Respect our rights and freedoms as individuals and asa people.
 Eliminate poverty asquickly asour resources and abilities would allow:
 First, Provide everyone with their basic material needs then improve
their standard of living and
Change institution and structures
to address inequalities

ARTICLE XIII
SOCIAL JUSTICE AND HUMAN RIGHTS
Section 1. The Congress shall give highest priority to the
enactment of measures that protect and enhance the right
of all the people to human dignity, reduce social,
economic, and political inequalities, and remove cultural
inequities by equitably diffusing wealth and political power
for the common good.
To this end, the State shall regulate the acquisition,
ownership, use, and disposition of property and its
increments.
Section 2. The promotion of social justice shall include the
commitment to create economic opportunities based on
freedom of initiative and self-reliance.

Four Pillars of Community Engagement
 Information
 Consultation
 Involvement
 Empowerment

Aside from the achievement of the four pillars of
community engagement, successful community
engagement also entails the guidance of various principle
and goals among them:
Increase in the knowledge of community members
about the issues that are being addressed:
Encourage communities to co-create additional
knowledge or views pertaining to issues being
addressed;
Shared application of knowledge and new knowledge
to address the issues of the community and;
Create opportunities for improvement, communication
channels, and engage the community in regular and

Participatory
Development
Is a process through which stakeholders
influence and share control over development
initiatives and over the decision and over the
decisions and resources that affect themselves

Majid Rahnema
Core Characteristics of
Participatory Development
 Cognitive– It generates new
ways of understanding
community issues and
problems
 Political– It capacitates
powerless
 Instrumental– It proposes
alternative solutions

E
SOCIAL EQUITY, GENDER
QUALITY, AND COMMUNITY
ENGAGEMENT

APPROACHES IN
COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT

ETHNOGRAPHY AND THE
FIELD PRACTICUM

CONSID
ETHICAL
FIEL
ERATIONS IN THE
D PRACTICUM

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