Every pregnancy is special and every pregnant woman must receive special care.The Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan (PMSMA) is being introduced to ensure quality Antenatal to over 3 crore pregnant women in the country.
Under the campaign, a minimum package of antenatal care services would be provided to the beneficiaries on the 9th day of every month at the Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Clinics to ensure that every pregnant woman receives at least one checkup in the 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy.
Rashtriya bal swasthya karyakram (RBSK) is a health programme launched for screening of over 27 crore children from 0 to 18 years for 4 Ds - Defects at birth, Diseases, Deficiencies and Development Delays including Disabilities by the ministry of health and family welfare under national rural health mission (NRHM) in india
RMNCH+A approach has been launched in 2013 and it essentially looks to address the major causes of mortality among women and children as well as the delays in accessing and utilizing health care and services. The RMNCH+A strategic approach has been developed to provide an understanding of ‘continuum of care’ to ensure equal focus on various life stages.
The RMNCH+A appropriately directs the States to focus their efforts on the most vulnerable population and disadvantaged groups in the country. It also emphasizes on the need to reinforce efforts in those poor performing districts that have already been identified as the high focus districts.
Launched by the ministry of health & family welfare, government of India, under the national health mission.
It envisages Child Health Screening and Early Intervention Services
An initiative of Ministry of Health & Family Welfare to leverage information technology for ensuring delivery of full spectrum of healthcare and immunization services to pregnant women and children up to 5 years of age.
Rashtriya bal swasthya karyakram (RBSK) is a health programme launched for screening of over 27 crore children from 0 to 18 years for 4 Ds - Defects at birth, Diseases, Deficiencies and Development Delays including Disabilities by the ministry of health and family welfare under national rural health mission (NRHM) in india
RMNCH+A approach has been launched in 2013 and it essentially looks to address the major causes of mortality among women and children as well as the delays in accessing and utilizing health care and services. The RMNCH+A strategic approach has been developed to provide an understanding of ‘continuum of care’ to ensure equal focus on various life stages.
The RMNCH+A appropriately directs the States to focus their efforts on the most vulnerable population and disadvantaged groups in the country. It also emphasizes on the need to reinforce efforts in those poor performing districts that have already been identified as the high focus districts.
Launched by the ministry of health & family welfare, government of India, under the national health mission.
It envisages Child Health Screening and Early Intervention Services
An initiative of Ministry of Health & Family Welfare to leverage information technology for ensuring delivery of full spectrum of healthcare and immunization services to pregnant women and children up to 5 years of age.
- List the goals of good antenatal care.
- Diagnose pregnancy.
- Know what history should be taken and examination done at the first visit.
- Determine the duration of pregnancy.
- List and assess the results of the side-room and screening tests needed at the first visit.
- Identify low-, intermediate- and high-risk pregnancies.
- Plan and provide antenatal care that is problem orientated.
- List what specific complications to look for at 28, 34 and 41 weeks.
- Provide health information during antenatal visits.
- Manage pregnant women with HIV infection.
This short presentation demonstrates important adverse effects of common anti-psychotic medications in clinical practice and how to effectively manage the adverse events.
The main focus of this presentation is to discuss all the drugs used nowadays in clinical practice to treat/ manage bronchial asthma. Along with the mechanism of action, use and adverse effects of anti-asthma drugs, we have given a highlight of the pathophysiology of asthma and how the drugs individually act at individual set point(s) to bring the clinical outcome.
This is a slideshow made essentially for undergraduate MBBS students to have a working knowledge about CT scan of brain in diagnosing common medical and surgical conditions. It includes detection of major anatomical structures in CT and prompt diagnosis of emergency conditions like head trauma and cerebrovascular accident. Last but not the least, I have also touched the areas where CT scan is not the first mode of diagnosis (like diagnosis of brain tumor and evaluation of headache).
This presentation comprises of congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract made concise and in depth for PG preparation. It contains all important topics of the regarding subject covered in detail.
Hypertensive retinopathy is a very important topic for PG examinations of all types. Especially, the fundal changes are important; Keith and Wegner Grading is also a repeated topic in PG. This slide represents all information in a compressed fashion. Have fun!
Preterm labor is labor that happens too early, before 37 weeks of pregnancy. Preterm labor can lead to premature birth. This means your baby is born before 37 weeks of pregnancy. Babies born this early can face serious health problems. India has the largest number of premature births compared to any other country.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a condition that develops during pregnancy when the body is not able to make enough insulin. GDM affects 2-10% of women during pregnancy.It is important to recognize and treat gestational diabetes as soon as possible to minimize the risk of complications to mother and baby.
This is a presentation which contains basics of polytrauma management,ATLS, triage, critical decision making skills, application of Glasgow coma scale and complications of different management strategies, if not applied properly.
Multiple myeloma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in the world. It is usually seen in elderly individuals of >40 years. In this presentation, all the important aspects of Multiple myeloma have been discussed extensively and in brief..
Ewing's sarcoma is the 3rd most common primary malignant bone tumor in the world. It affects people at first 2 decades. In this presentation, every important aspect of this bone tumor has been described extensively but in brief.
This is a powerpoint slideshow discussing some of the commonest disorders of colon; namely Hirschsprung's disease, Diverticular diseases of colon, ulcerative colitis, pseudomembranous colitis and ischemic colitis.
This is a presentation regarding the most salient features of PCPNDT act, India (formerly known as PNDT act). It is made for undergraduate medical students (MBBS). Hope it will help you in your examinations.
It is one of the most viewed document from Pgblaster India website: Disorders of ocular motility with an emphasis on squint. In this document I have tried to give some important concepts of the different types of squints in simple words.At a glance, it is a much harder and complex topic of ophthalmology but I had made it as simpler as I could. Hope it will help you..
This is a beginner's guide to retinoblastoma. I have briefly covered all the aspects of this most common intraocular tumor of childhood. Hope it will help the undergraduate medical students. Please check out our blog, http://pgblaster.wordpress.com for more presentations and useful stuffs like this one.
More from Department of Health & Family Welfare, Government of West Bengal (20)
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
CDSCO and Phamacovigilance {Regulatory body in India}NEHA GUPTA
The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) is India's national regulatory body for pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Operating under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, the CDSCO is responsible for approving new drugs, conducting clinical trials, setting standards for drugs, controlling the quality of imported drugs, and coordinating the activities of State Drug Control Organizations by providing expert advice.
Pharmacovigilance, on the other hand, is the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems. The primary aim of pharmacovigilance is to ensure the safety and efficacy of medicines, thereby protecting public health.
In India, pharmacovigilance activities are monitored by the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI), which works closely with CDSCO to collect, analyze, and act upon data regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Together, they play a critical role in ensuring that the benefits of drugs outweigh their risks, maintaining high standards of patient safety, and promoting the rational use of medicines.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
1. Edited by:
Prithwiraj Maiti, MBBS
House physician
Department of Internal Medicine,
R.G.Kar Medical College
Author: “An Ultimate Guide to
Community Medicine”
Author: “A Practical Handbook of
Pathology Specimens and Slides”
[Both published by Jaypee Brothers
Medical Publishers, India]
2. Background
• As India strives towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs) and looks ahead to the post-2015 era, progress in reducing
maternal mortality becomes an important frontier.
• Every pregnancy is special and every pregnant woman must receive
special care.
• Any pregnant woman can develop life-threatening complications with
little or no advance warning, so all pregnant women need access to
quality antenatal services to detect and prevent life-threatening
complications during childbirth.
3. Introduction
• The Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan (PMSMA) is being
introduced to ensure quality Antenatal to over 3 crore pregnant
women in the country.
• Under the campaign, a minimum package of antenatal care services
would be provided to the beneficiaries on the 9th day of every
month at the Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Clinics to ensure that
every pregnant woman receives at least one checkup in the 2nd and
3rd trimester of pregnancy.
• If the 9th day of the month is a Sunday/ a holiday, then the Clinic
should be organized on the next working day.
4. Focus
During this campaign, trained service providers and ASHA will focus their
efforts to identify and reach out to:
Pregnant women who have not registered for ANC (left out/missed ANC)
Those who have registered but not availed ANC services (dropout) and
High Risk pregnant women.
It will also be ensured that not only all pregnant women complete their
scheduled ANC visits but also undertake all essential investigation.
Target Beneficiaries: The program aims to reach out to all Pregnant
Women who are in the 2nd & 3rd Trimesters of pregnancy.
5. Package of services under PMSMA
1. Routine antenatal check up
2. Diagnostic services
3. Identification and management of high risk pregnancy
4. Counselling on Nutrition, Family Planning, Birth Preparedness, New born
and Post Natal care.
Other components of PMSMA are:
1. Communication for behavioural change
2. Health system strengthening for providing quality services
3. Referral transport.
6. Public Health Facilities to be implementing
this campaign
RURAL AREA URBAN AREA
• Primary health centers
• Community health centers
• Rural hospitals
• Sub-District Hospital
• District Hospital
• Medical College Hospital
• Urban dispensaries
• Urban health posts
• Maternity homes
7. Essential pre-requisites for Facilities organizing
PMSMA
Human resources:
• ANM/GNM
• BEmOC trained Medical Officer
• Lab Technician
• Pharmacist
• ANM/SN/ trained in counselling
USG: Sonologist/Radiologist for USG
Lab Investigations:
• Hemoglobin
• Urine Albumin and Sugar
• Blood Sugar (Dipstick)
• Malaria
• VDRL, HIV, Blood Sugar
• Blood Grouping
9. Movement of the beneficiaries
Registrati
on
Lab
Investigati
ons
• USG &
investigati
ons: Hb,
Urine
Albumin,
RBS, Rapid
Malaria
test, Rapid
VDRL test,
Blood
Grouping,
CBC ESR.
Collection
of reports
• Collection
of all the
reports
before
going to
ANM/SN/
Medical
Officer
ANC OPD
• History
and
examinati
on by
ANM/SN–
BP
measurem
ent
ANC OPD
• Managem
ent and
treatment
by OBGY/
BEmOC/
CEmOC
Medical
Officer
Counselli
ng
• Individual/
Group
Counsellin
g by
ANM/SN/
RMNCHA
counsellor
Receipt of
Medicine
• Inj. TT &
IFA Tablets
Feed back
and
Grievance
Redressal
10. Details of specific services which will be
provided during PMSMA
• A detailed history of all the beneficiaries needs to be taken and then
examined and assessed for any danger signs, complications or any high risk
status.
• Blood Pressure, per abdominal examination and examination for fetal heart
sounds should be done for all the beneficiaries coming for ANC check-up.
• If a woman visiting a public health facility requires a specific investigation,
sample should be collected at the facility itself and transported to the
appropriate centre for testing. ANM/ MPW should be responsible for
transporting the collected sample, conveying the results to the pregnant
women and appropriate follow up.
• After examination by ANM/Staff Nurse, Medical Officer to also examine
and attend to every beneficiary attending PMSMA.
11. • All identified high risk pregnancies should be referred to higher facilities
and JSSK help desks that have been set up at these facilities should be
responsible for guiding the referred women once they reach the facilities.
MCP cards to be issued to all beneficiaries.
• All identified High Risk women including those with complications to be
managed and treated by OBGY/CEmOC/BEmOC Specialist. If needed, such
cases should be referred to higher level facilities and a referral slip with
probable diagnosis and treatment given should be mentioned on the slip.
• One ultrasound is recommended for all pregnant women during the 2nd/
3rd trimester of pregnancy. If required, USG services may be made
available in a PPP mode and expenditure booked under JSSK.
12. • Before leaving the facility every pregnant women to be counselled, may be
individually or in groups, on nutrition ,rest, safe sex, safety, birth
preparedness, identification of danger signs, institutional delivery and Post-
partum Family Planning (PPFP).
• Filling out the MCP cards at these clinics should be mandatory and a sticker
indicating the condition and risk factor of the pregnant women should be
added onto MCP card for each visit:
o Green Sticker: For women with no risk factor detected
o Red Sticker: For women with high risk pregnancy
o Blue Sticker: For women with Pregnancy Induced Hypertension
o Yellow Sticker : Pregnancy with co-morbid conditions such as diabetes,
hypothyroidism, STIs etc.
13.
14. Conclusion
If each and every pregnant woman in India is examined by a Medical
officer and appropriately investigated at least once during the PMSMA,
the Abiyan can play a critical and crucial role in reducing the number of
maternal deaths in our country. Implemented well, it can prove to be a
game changer and a sturdy stepping stone for achievement of the
sustainable development goals.
Thank you.
Resources used: PMSMA GUIDELINES (MATERNAL HEALTH DIVISION
MINISTRY OF HEALTH & FAMILY WELFARE), DATED 18.4.2016.