The reproductive child health programme was launched in 1997 with the main aims of reducing infant and maternal mortality rates. It has elements of safe motherhood, child survival, and fertility regulation. The objectives include meeting all contraceptive needs, reducing infant and maternal morbidity and mortality rates.
The programme interventions include essential and emergency obstetric care, immunization services, and interventions for maternal, neonatal and child health. It provides drugs, medical equipment and kits to different levels of healthcare facilities. The programme has been implemented in two phases with the second phase strengthening referral systems and integrating management of neonatal and childhood illnesses.
Minimum Need's Programme, Presented By Mohammed Haroon Rashid Haroon Rashid
Subject - Community Health Nursing II, Topic - Minimum Need's Programme, Presented By Mohammed Haroon Rashid, Basic B.Sc Nursing 4th year in Florence College Of Nursing
Minimum Need's Programme, Presented By Mohammed Haroon Rashid Haroon Rashid
Subject - Community Health Nursing II, Topic - Minimum Need's Programme, Presented By Mohammed Haroon Rashid, Basic B.Sc Nursing 4th year in Florence College Of Nursing
Waste management in the center and clinicsKrupa Mathew
community health nursing - Role of community health nurse in waste management in the center and clinics --- for bsc nursing students --- hospital waste management ---biomedical waste management
This ppt gives you the details about the NRHM scheme. The SWOT analysis has been done which helps you to know the strength and weakness part of the NRHM program.
BY: Dr.Pavithra R (M.H.A)
The orderly process defining national Health problems, identifying the unmeet needs, surveying the resources to meet them, and establishing the priority goals to accomplish the purpose of proposed Programme.
Waste management in the center and clinicsKrupa Mathew
community health nursing - Role of community health nurse in waste management in the center and clinics --- for bsc nursing students --- hospital waste management ---biomedical waste management
This ppt gives you the details about the NRHM scheme. The SWOT analysis has been done which helps you to know the strength and weakness part of the NRHM program.
BY: Dr.Pavithra R (M.H.A)
The orderly process defining national Health problems, identifying the unmeet needs, surveying the resources to meet them, and establishing the priority goals to accomplish the purpose of proposed Programme.
oth Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are lymphomas — a type of cancer that begins in a subset of white blood cells called lymphocytes. Lymphocytes are an integral part of your immune system, which protects you from germs.
Central nervous system defects include disorders caused by an imbalance of cerebrospinal fluid (as in hydrocephalus) and a range of disorders resulting from malformations of the neural tube during embryonic development (often called “neural tube defects”). These defects vary from mild to severely disabling.
Spina bifida is a birth defect where there is an incomplete closing of the backbone and membranes around the spinal cord. It is a developmental congenital anomaly
Navigating the Health Insurance Market_ Understanding Trends and Options.pdfEnterprise Wired
From navigating policy options to staying informed about industry trends, this comprehensive guide explores everything you need to know about the health insurance market.
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
Welcome to Secret Tantric, London’s finest VIP Massage agency. Since we first opened our doors, we have provided the ultimate erotic massage experience to innumerable clients, each one searching for the very best sensual massage in London. We come by this reputation honestly with a dynamic team of the city’s most beautiful masseuses.
CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
The Promise: CRISPR offers exciting possibilities:
Gene Therapy: Correcting genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis.
Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
The Peril: Ethical concerns demand attention:
Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
The Path Forward: Responsible development is crucial:
International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
Prioritize Safety and Ethics: Safety and ethical principles must be paramount.
CRISPR offers a powerful tool for a better future, but responsible development and addressing ethical concerns are essential. By prioritizing safety, fostering open dialogue, and ensuring equitable access, we can harness CRISPR's power for the benefit of all. (2998 characters)
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
Leading the Way in Nephrology: Dr. David Greene's Work with Stem Cells for Ki...Dr. David Greene Arizona
As we watch Dr. Greene's continued efforts and research in Arizona, it's clear that stem cell therapy holds a promising key to unlocking new doors in the treatment of kidney disease. With each study and trial, we step closer to a world where kidney disease is no longer a life sentence but a treatable condition, thanks to pioneers like Dr. David Greene.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
3. INTRODUCTION
•State of complete physical , mental and
social well being and not merely absence of
disease.
•It implies that people are able to have a
satisfying and safe sex life.
•The definition was adopted by ICDP (
International conference of population
development).
9. MATERNAL HEALTH INTERVENTION
•ESSENTIAL OBSTETRIC CARE:-
EARLY REGISTRATION OF PREGNANCY
PROVISION OF 3 AN CHECK UPS
IMMUNIZATION
INSTITUTIONAL DELIVERIES
3 POST NATAL CHECK YUPS
10. MATERNAL HEALTH INTERVENTION
•EMERGENCY OBSTETRIC CARE:-
IDENTIFYING AND STRENGTHENING FIRST
REFERRAL UNITS UNDER THE RCH
PROGRAMME.
PROVIDING OBSTETRIC KIT
PROVISION OF SKILLED MAN POWER
11. MATERNAL HEALTH INTERVENTION
•24 hrs. DELIVERY SERVICES AT PHC:-
TO PROMOTE INSTITUTIONAL DELIVERIES
24 hrs. SERVICE TO WOMEN IN LABOUR
12. MATERNAL HEALTH INTERVENTION
•MTP(MEDICAL TERMINATION OF
PREGNANCY)
PROVISION OF MTP EQUIPMENT
ASSISTING STATES FOR ENGAGING DOCTORS
TRAINED IN MTP
PROVISION OF MTP EQUIPMENTS
13. MATERNAL HEALTH INTERVENTION
•PREVENTION MANAGEMENT CONTROL OF
RTI
•PROVISION HAS BEEN MADE FOR
TRANSPORT FACILIY
•TRAINING OF TRADITIONAL BIRTH
ATTENDENT
•PROVISION OF CONTRACEPTIVES
14. CHILD HEALTH INTERVENTION
•UNIVERSAL IMMUNIZATION
PROGRAMME:-
CHILDREN ARE IMMUNIZED AGAINST 6
KILLER DISEASES T.B ; DIPTHERIA ;
POLIOMYELITIS ; MEASELS ; NEONATAL
TETANUS
15.
16. CHILD HEALTH INTERVENTION
•REDUCE DROP OUT RATE
•PULSE POLIO IMMUNIZATION IS CARRIED
TO ERADICATE POLIO
•HEPATITIS – B INTRODUCED AS A PART OF
UNIVERSAL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAMME.
•CONTROL OF ARI’s
17. CHILD HEALTH INTERVENTION
•ESSENTIAL NEW BORN CARE TO DECLINE
RATE OF IMR
•ORAL REHYDRATION THERAPY FOR
DIARRHOEA CONTROL AMONG CHILDREN
•PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF VITAMIN –
A DEFICIENCY ; ANAEMIA
18. INTERVENTION TO REACH RCH IN
REMOTE AREAS
•BORDER DISTRICT CLUSTER STRATEGY
(BDCS) LAUNCHED ON 3rd MAY 2000
•RCH CAMPS INITIATED IN JANUARY 2001
•RCH OUT-REACH SCHEME LAUNCHED
DURING 2000-2001 INCLUDING DELIVERY
OF IMMUNIZATION IN URBAN SLUMS
•HOME BASED NEONATAL CARE
20. INTRODUCTION
•RCH PHASE 2 WAS INITIATED IN APRIL 2005
TO FURTHER CONSOLIDATE AND
STRENGTHEN RCH PROGRAMME
INTERVENTION TO ACHIEVE REDUCTION IN
MATERNAL AND CHILD MORTALITY AND
MORBIDITY RATE
•CONTINUED WITH ALL THE INTERVENTION
PLANNED IN PHASE- 1
21. ESSENTIAL OBSTETRIC CARE
• PROMOTION OF INSTITUTIONAL DELIVERY
•PROVISION OF SKILLED ATTENDENT AT
EVERY BIRTH
•LINKAGE WITH REFERAL SERVICES FOR
EMERGENCIES AND EFFECTIVE
MANAGEMENT OF ANC
•NORMAL DELIVERY
23. EMERGENCY OBSTETRIC CARE
•MINIMUM STRENGTH OF 20-30 BED
•FULLY EQUIPPED AND FUNCTIONAL LABOUR
ROOM ; OT
•ADEQUATELY EQUIPPED SPECIFIED PLACE IN
LABOUR ROOM
•24 hrs. BLOOD STORAGE
•ARRANGEMENTS OF ELECTRICITY ; WATER
;AMBULANCE
24. STRENGTHENING OF REFERRAL SYSTEM
•PROVIDE TRANSPORT TO WOMEN DURING
OBSTETRIC EMERGENCIES
•BASED ON RCH PHASE – 1 FEEDBACK THE
REFERRAL SYSTEM IS BEING
STRENGTHENED BY INVOLVING LOCAL
NGO’s
25. OTHER STRATEGIES
•TRAINING OF MBBS DOCTORS IN
OBSTETRIC MANAGEMENT ; ANAESTHESIA ;
CAESAREAN SECTION
•PROVIDING FINANCIAL HELP
•USE OF TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
26. INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF NEONATAL
CHILDHOOD ILLNESS
•INTEGRATED SERVICE TO MANAGE CHILDHOOD
DISEASES SUCH AS ARI ; MEASLES ; DIARRHOEAL
etc.
•DEVELOP UNDER UNICEF AND WHO
•AIM OF BETTER MANAGEMENT BY:-
ASSESMENT
IDENTIFY AND CLASSIFY THE CONDITION
TREATMENT
FOLLOW UP
27. INTERVENTION IN ALL DISTRICT
•CHILD SURVIVAL
•SAFE MOTHERHOOD
•COMMUNITY NEED ASSESSMENT
APPROACH
•GOOD QUALITY TRAINING
•INFORMATION; COMMUNICATION ; AND
EDUCATION
28. INTERVENTION IN ALL DISTRICT
•RTI/STD’s CLINICS
•ADOLESCENT REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AND
HYGIENE
•SAFE ABORTION
•GOOD QUALITY TRAINING AT ALL LEVEL
30. DRUGS AND KITS PROVIDED
•AT SUB-CENTRE LEVEL
DRUG KIT A
DRUG KIT B
MIDWIFERY KIT
SUB-CENTRE EQUIPMENT KIT
31. DRUGS AND KITS PROVIDED
•AT PHC LEVEL
PHC EQUIPMENT KIT D
32. DRUGS AND KITS PROVIDED
•AT CHC/FRU LEVEL
KIT E- LAPAROTOMY SET
KIT F- MINI-LAPAROTOMY SET
KIT G-IUD INSERTION SET
KIT H-VASECTOMY SET
KIT I –NORMAL DELIVERY SET
33. DRUGS AND KITS PROVIDED
•KIT J- VACUUM EXTRACTION SET
•KIT K –EMBRYOTOMY SET
•KIT L-UTERINE EVACUATION SET
•KIT M –EQUIPMENT FOR ANAESTHESIA
•KIT N-NEONATAL RESUCITATION
•KIT O-EQUIPMENT AND REAGENT FOR BLOOD
TEST
•KIT P-DONOR BLOOD TRANSFUSION SET
34. JANANI SURAKSHA YOJNA
•JSY IS FOR SAFE MOTHERHOOD UNDER
NRHM
•SCHEMES INTEGRATE CASH ASSISTANCE
WITH INSTITUTIONAL ANTENATAL ; NATAL ;
POSTNATAL CARE
•UNDER THIS ASHA [ACCREDITED SOCIAL
HEALTH ACTIVIST]HAS IDENTIFIED AS
EFFECTIVE LINK
35. JANANI SURAKSHA YOJNA
•ASHA IDENTIFIES ; ASSIST PREGNANT
WOMEN IN GETTING CERTIFICATION
•FACILITATES REGISTRATION FOR ANC ,
ASSIST ATLEAST 3 AN CHECK UP,
IMMUNIZATION AND IRON FOLIC ACID
TABLET
36. JANANI SURAKSHA YOJNA
•CONSELS PREGNANT WOMEN FOR
INSTITUTIONAL DELIVERY
•NOTIFY THE BIRTH OR DEATH OF CHILD
AND MOTHER TO ANM
•PAYS VISIT WITHIN 7 DAYS OF DELIVERY
•COUNSELS FOR BREAST FEEDING
37. VANDE MATRAM SCHEME
•TO PROMOTE PUBLIC PRIVATE
PARTERNERSHIP
•LAUNCHED IN 9th FEB ITH INVOLVEMENT
OF INDIAN MEDICAL
ASSOCIATION,FEDRATION OF OBSTETRIC
AND GYNAECOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
38. VANDE MATRAM SCHEME
•VOLUNTARY ENROLLMENT OF DOCTORS, NURSING
HOME; MATERNITY HOME
•SPECIFIC SERVICES:-
ANTENATAL AND POSTNATAL CHECKUP
DISTRIBUTION OF IRON AND FOLLIC ACID TABLETS
IMMUNIZATION
COUNSELLING
REFERAL CASE REQUIRE SPECIAL CARE
39.
40. ROLE OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSE
•CARE ,SUPERVISION ,GUIDANCE OF MOTHER
DURING PREGNANCY AND AFTER DELIVERY
•CARE OF MOTHER AND CHILD SOON AFTER
DELIVERY
•REGISTRATION OF ALL EXPECTANT MOTHER
•MEDICAL AND SURGICAL HISTORY RECORD
OBSTETRICAL HISTORY RECORD
41. ROLE OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSE
•ARRANGING AN CHECK UPS ,
IMMUNIZATION
•PREARATION OF SURROUNDING
EQUIPMENT SUPPLIES AND PLACE DURING
DELIVERY
•PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL
PREPARATION OF MOTHER
42. ROLE OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSE
•EXAMINATION OF FHS; VITALS ;CONTRACTION
DURINF LABOUR PAIN
•GIVING IMMEDIATE CARE TO MOTHER AND
CHILD AFTER DELIVERY
•REGULAR VISIT FOR 7 DAYS IN POST NATAL
PERIODGENERAL EXAMINATION OF MOTHER
LOCHIA, STICHES, BREAST
•GIVING MOTHER HEALTH EDUCATION
REGARDING BREAST FEED AND HYGIENE