Here are two sentences for each focus of the verb: 1. Pokus sa sanhi: - Tumakbo si Mario upang manalo sa laro. - Kinain nila ang karne dahil gutom sila. 2. Pokus sa ganapan: - Kinain nila ang karne sa hapag-kainan. - Pinitas ni Gemma ang mga rosa sa hardin ng bahay. 3. Pokus sa sanhi: - Pinaghugasan ni Rhea ang mga pinggan dahil marumi ito. - Bumili si Karla ng pagkain dahil gut

3. designed to provide the researcher a means of
understanding phenomenon either concepts, opinions,
or experiences by
observing or interacting with the participants of the
study (Denzin &
Lincoln, 2008). to the strategy a writer uses to show
how an idea flows from sentence to sentence,
paragraph to paragraph. Coherence in writing is the
term used to refer to ideas in sentences and
paragraphs that are connected and flow together

4. Ethnographical Research
• Ethnographic research is probably the most popular and
applicable type of qualitative research.
• In ethnography, you engage yourself in the target participants'
environment to understand the behavior, cultures, challenges,
motivations, and themes that occur.
• Ethnography has its roots in cultural anthropology where
researchers engage themselves within a culture, often for years
rather than relying on interviews or surveys; experience the
environment first hand; and sometimes as a “participant
observer”.
• The goal of the standard ethnography qualitative method is to
“learn about a culture from the people who actually live in that
culture” (Pleong, 1999).

5. Ethnographical Research
•Purpose: To describe a
culture's character
•Outcome: Description
of culture

6. • Case study involves an in-depth examination of a
single person single individual or single
institution/organization.
• The goal of a case study is to provide an accurate
and complete description of the case; the principal
benefit of a case study is it can expand our
knowledge about human behavior or attitude.
• It is also useful when the case is too complex and
needs special attention.

7. • Case study often include in-depth interviews with
participants, reviews of his/her previous records,
and observations.
• It provides an opportunity for the intensive
analysis of many specific details, which are often
overlooked by other methods.
• A case study involves a deep understanding
through multiple types of data sources.
• Case studies can be explanatory, exploratory, or
descriptive.

8. • Purpose: To give an in-depth description of the
experience of one person, family, group,
community, or institution
• Outcome: In-depth description of the experience

9. • When you want to describe an event activity, or
phenomenon, the phenomenological study is an
appropriate qualitative method.
• In a phenomenological study, you use a
combination of methods, such as conducting
interviews, reading documents, watching videos,
or visiting places and events, to understand the
meaning that participants place on whatever is
being examined.

10. • You rely on the participants’ perspectives to
provide insight into their motivations.
• Phenomenology is useful for learning about “a
phenomenon that has little research by exploring
the experiences of people in their natural
environment rather than confirming or denying a
preconceived theory” (Powell, Gray, & Reese,
2013).

11. • Purpose: To describe experiences as people lived
(e.g., examine uniqueness of individual’s lived
situations)
• Outcomes: Findings described from subject’s
point-of-view Researcher identifies themes.
• Structural explanation of findings is developed.

12. • Grounded theory looks to provide an explanation or theory behind
the events.
• According to Ralph, Birks, and Chapman (2015), grounded theory
is “methodologically dynamic” which provides a means of
constructing methods to better understand situations that humans
find themselves in. This means that you primarily use interviews
and existing documents to build a theory based on the data.

13. • Purpose: To develop a theory
• Outcome: Theory supported by
examples from data

14. • A synonym of the term ‘narrative’ is ‘story’ or ‘history’
(Kramp, 2004).
• Narratives are related with life stories.
• Moen (2006) defined it as “a story that tells a sequence of
events that is significant for the narrator or audience or
her/his audience”. This means that the narrative approach
weaves together a sequence of events, usually from just one
or two individuals to form a cohesive story.

15. • You conduct in-depth interviews, read documents, and look
for themes; in other words, how does an individual story
illustrate the larger life influences that created it. Often
interviews are conducted over weeks, months, or even years,
but the final narrative doesn't need to be in chronological
order. Rather, it can be presented as a story (or narrative)
with themes, and it can reconcile conflicting stories and
highlight tensions and challenges which can be
opportunities for innovation.

16. • Purpose: To describe and examine events of the past to
understand the present and anticipate potential future
effects
• Outcomes: Select means of presentation—biography,
chronology, issue paper

17. 1. It is an expended observation of social research
and social perspective and the cultural values of an
entire social setting.
2. In this study, the entire communities are
observed objectively.
3. This study requires the researcher to spend more
time to the participants.
4. The data from in-depth interviews as well as
activity on the social media websites will be used.

18. 5. It is the direct description of a group, culture, or
community.
6. It is a research methodology for discovering
theory in a substantive area.
7. It is a development of theory directly based in the
data collected by the researcher.
8. It is used for a research approach with specific
boundaries and can be both qualitative and
quantitative.

19. 9. It is an entity studied as a
single unit, and it has clear
confines and a specific focus
and it is bound to context.
10. It is the straight
explanation of a group,
culture or community.

20. a. Phrases to introduce the counterclaim:
• On the other hand, some people say
• Admittedly, some people say
• Certainly, some people say
b. Phrases to address the original claim:
• However
• Nevertheless
• On the other hand
c. Phrases to conclude the paragraph:
• Thus
• Therefore
• As a result

21. Pokus ng pandiwa
(Sanhi)
Paksa ang
nagpapahayag ng
sanhi ng kilos ng
pandiwa sa
pangungusap.
Sumasagot ito sa
tanong na “bakit”.

23. Pokus ng pandiwa
(ganapan o lokatibo)
Kung ang paksa ay
ang lugar o ganapan
ng kilos.
Sumasagot ito sa
tanong na “saan”.

25. 1. Tumakbo ng mabilis si Mario
upang mahabol ang kalaban.
2. Kinain nila ang karne hanggang
sa buto na lamang ang natira.
3. Ang malaking palanggana ay
pinaghugasan ni Rhea ng mga
pinggan.
4. Pinitas ni Gemma ang mga
pulang rosa sa hardin.
5. Bumili si Karla ng pagkain sa
kantina.

26. Gumawa ng tig-dadalawang
pangungusap mula sa pokus
ng pandiwa.