Reducing the energy costs at one’s facility must surely be of the most effective and achievable strategies for lowering operating costs. This workshop gives you practical tools to identify and implement programs and projects to reduce energy consumption in the most effective and practical ways. You will be provided with the skills and latest knowledge on proven methods of making real savings in your energy bills. You can start such programs as soon as you wish, and start saving immediately thereafter. You will be greatly surprised at the levels of energy losses and poor efficiency of some of the devices in your facility that consume power when the facility is operational. You will also be greatly surprised at the energy consumption of your facility when it is not operational. MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/energy-efficiency-design-engineering-and-auditing-13

1. Technology Training that Works
Energy Efficiency,
Design,
Engineering &
Auditing

2. Objectives
• To appreciate the significance of energy efficiency and its implications
for the future of our civilization
• To understand the linkage between energy, environment and climate
change
• Discuss the effects of climate change on human, animal and plant lives
• Be introduced to world bodies tackling these issues, their composition
and organizational structure
• To know the working of Kyoto protocol, its flexible mechanisms and
how carbon credits are claimed and traded
www.idc-online.com/slideshare TTeecchhnnoollooggyy TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt WWoorrkkss

3. Global Energy scenario
• Modern society today critically dependent on energy for its
development
• Overrate of production and consumption of energy causing permanent
damage to our natural habitat
• Measures are to be adopted by all sections of society: the government,
utility companies, industries and individuals
How to contain waste, preserve the environment and
stretch the inventory of current energy resources, until
alternative renewable and more sustainable sources of
energy are developed
• Energy efficiency :
www.idc-online.com/slideshare TTeecchhnnoollooggyy TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt WWoorrkkss

4. Global Energy Scenario
Where We Have Been…
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
Global Energy Use, 1900-2002
1900 1972 1975 1978 1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002
Source: International Energy Agency (IEA)
TPES (millions of tons of oil equivalent)
…and Where We Are Going!?
(if current trends continue)
Past and Projected Global Energy Use, 1900-2030
18,000
15,000
12,000
9,000
6,000
3,000
0
actual projected
2006 2012 2018 2024 2030
1900 1976 1982 1988 1994 2000
Source: International Energy Agency (IEA)
TPES (millions of tons of oil equivalent)
www.idc-online.com/slideshare TTeecchhnnoollooggyy TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt WWoorrkkss

5. Global Energy scenario
• Energy classification:
Primary or Secondary
Commercial or Non-commercial
Renewable or non- renewable
• Global Primary Energy Reserves :
Coal
Oil
Gas
www.idc-online.com/slideshare TTeecchhnnoollooggyy TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt WWoorrkkss

6. Climate change and environmental
concerns
• Major environmental issues of global concern :
Ozone Layer Depletion
Global Warming
Loss of Biodiversity
• Global Warming :
• Present average global temperatures : 0.3–0.6°C warmer than a century ago
Industrial revolution
Human activities
Fossil fuel burning
Deforestation
Altered agricultural practices
• Causes:
www.idc-online.com/slideshare TTeecchhnnoollooggyy TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt WWoorrkkss

7. Global warming potential (GWP)
• HFCs and PFCs Most heat absorbent
• Methane traps over 21 times more heat per molecule
than carbon dioxide
• Nitrous oxide absorbs 270 times more heat per
molecule than carbon dioxide
• Effects of Global warming :
Rise in global temperature
Rise in sea level
Food shortages
www.idc-online.com/slideshare TTeecchhnnoollooggyy TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt WWoorrkkss

8. Loss of bio-diversity
• Number of species of plant, animals, micro-organisms
• Diversity of genes
• Different eco-systems e.g. deserts, rain forests and coral reefs
• Bio diversity boosts ecosystem productivity
• Enables ecosystem to sustain itself against natural disasters
• Strong link between bio-diversity and climate change
• Global warming
• Deforestation
www.idc-online.com/slideshare TTeecchhnnoollooggyy TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt WWoorrkkss

9. Kyoto Protocol
Agreement made under the United Nations Framework
convention on climate change
• Kyoto protocol :
Has to be signed and ratified by a minimum of 55 countries
Legal binding of Annex I parties
• Major GHGs :
Gases
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Methane (CH4)
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)
Hydro fluorocarbons (HFCs)
Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)
www.idc-online.com/slideshare TTeecchhnnoollooggyy TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt WWoorrkkss

10. Kyoto Protocol
• Countries included in Annex B to the Kyoto protocol and their emission targets
Country Target*
EU** -8%
Bulgaria, Czech republic,
-8%
Estonia,Latvia,
Liechtenstein,Lithuania, Monaco,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Switzerland
US*** -7%
Canada, Hungary, Japan, Poland -6%
Croatia -5%
New Zealand, Russian Federation,
-0%
Ukraine
Norway +1%
Australia +8%
Iceland +10%
www.idc-online.com/slideshare TTeecchhnnoollooggyy TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt WWoorrkkss

11. Kyoto Protocol
• Flexible Mechanisms (FI) :
Parties may form a group whose emissions are counted
together rather than individually for each party
Joint implementation, clean development and
emissions trading
• Joint Implementation (JI)
Annex I country that has commitments to reduce or limit
its GHG emission can obtain from another Annex I country
GHG emissions reduction and count the emission reduction
units (ERU) against its own target
www.idc-online.com/slideshare TTeecchhnnoollooggyy TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt WWoorrkkss

12. Kyoto Protocol
• Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) :
• Contribute to sustainable development in developing countries
• Help Annex I countries to meet their targets
Submission of the project design document to the
national CDM authority
Registration of the project in the host country
Validation by UNFCCC
Registration with UNFCCC executive board
Monitoring by host country
Verification
Issue of CERs
• Seven Steps:
www.idc-online.com/slideshare TTeecchhnnoollooggyy TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt WWoorrkkss

13. Kyoto Protocol
• Emissions Trading (ET) :
Permits to emit carbon dioxide and other GHGs, calculated in tonnes
of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2e)
• Carbon Sequestration Projects :
Include projects for carbon sequestration
Buyers Market share
Japan 41%
The Netherlands 23%
Carbon finance business* 24%
USA 3%
Canada 3%
Australia and New Zealand 3%
Other EU 3%
Market share of buyers
• Emissions trading market :
www.idc-online.com/slideshare TTeecchhnnoollooggyy TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt WWoorrkkss

14. Kyoto Protocol
• Prototype Carbon Fund (PCF) :
A partnership between seventeen
companies and six governments
Mission is to pioneer the market, for project
based greenhouse reductions within the
framework of joint implementation and clean
development mechanism
www.idc-online.com/slideshare TTeecchhnnoollooggyy TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt WWoorrkkss

15. Can we make better use of the energy?
• Reduce pollution
• Reduce the potential for extreme global warming and climate
changes
• Economic and security: costs of relying on imported fuel from
unstable regions of the world
• Impacts on human health, costs to communities where fuels are
extracted
• Delay the onset and severity of fossil fuel shortages
www.idc-online.com/slideshare TTeecchhnnoollooggyy TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt WWoorrkkss

16. Major user of energy
• Manufacturing Industry
• Power Generation
• Mining
• Agriculture
• Construction
www.idc-online.com/slideshare TTeecchhnnoollooggyy TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt WWoorrkkss

17. Achieving energy efficiency in any industry
• Carry out an energy
audit
• Set up Short Term
Energy Efficiency
Targets
• Exploring Technical
Options
www.idc-online.com/slideshare TTeecchhnnoollooggyy TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt WWoorrkkss

18. How do we channel waste energy into
useful output?
• Energy recycling :
Waste heat recovery is a process that
captures excess heat that would
normally be discharged at
manufacturing facilities and converts it
into electricity and steam
www.idc-online.com/slideshare TTeecchhnnoollooggyy TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt WWoorrkkss

19. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
• Combined heat and power (CHP) :
“An efficient, clean, and reliable approach to generating
electricity and heat energy from a single fuel source. By
installing a CHP system designed to meet the thermal and
electrical base loads of a facility, CHP can greatly increase
the facility's operational efficiency and decrease energy
costs. At the same time, CHP reduces the emission of
greenhouse gases, which contribute to global climate
change.”
www.idc-online.com/slideshare TTeecchhnnoollooggyy TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt WWoorrkkss

20. Summary
• World critically dependant on energy
• Fast depletion of Known sources of non renewable energy (coal,
petroleum and gas)
• Green house gases (GHGs) :
Burning of fossil fuels for generation of
power and transport
Causes:
Ozone layer depletion, global warming and loss of bio
diversity adversely affecting human, animal and plant life
Effects:
• Formation of United nations framework convention on climate change (UNFCCC)
• Formation of Kyoto protocol
Joint implementation, clean development
mechanisms & emissions trading
• Flexible mechanisms :
www.idc-online.com/slideshare TTeecchhnnoollooggyy TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt WWoorrkkss

21. Summary
• Energy efficiency
– Products or systems designed to use less energy for
the same or higher performance than regular
products or systems
– Reduction in the amount of carbon dioxide
emissions into the Earth’s atmosphere
• Energy recycling
– Utilizing energy that would normally be wasted,
usually by converting it into electricity or thermal
energy
www.idc-online.com/slideshare TTeecchhnnoollooggyy TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt WWoorrkkss

22. DO YOU WANT TO KNOW MORE?
If you are interested in further training or information,
please visit:
http://idc-online.com/slideshare
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