This group presentation discusses global warming and the Kyoto Protocol. It introduces the group members and explains that global warming is caused by increased greenhouse gas emissions from human activities like rapid industrialization and energy consumption. It then describes the Kyoto Protocol, an international treaty that sets binding emissions reduction targets for developed countries. The presentation outlines the Kyoto Protocol's three market-based mechanisms - Joint Implementation, Clean Development Mechanism, and International Emissions Trading - which allow countries to meet emissions targets by purchasing credits from other countries.

1. GROUP PRESENTATION
CREATED BY
 ANTHONY SINGH
 DIKSHA SINGH
 RIITIK HARSH
 GAURAV BORUAH

2. We will Talk About
• Global Warming
• Kyoto Protocol and its
mechanisms

3. GLOBAL WARMING
• It is the long-term rise in the
average temperature of the
Earth’s climate system.
• An increase in the
concentration of greenhouse
gases leads in the
magnitude of greenhouse
effect

6. Climate Change
Rapid Industrial Growth
Increased energy consumption
Increased CO2 and other GHG emissions
Global Warming due to increased concentration of GHG
Increased
Sea Level
Changes in
wind and
precipitation
Changes in
Crop yields

7. Global warming potential of
GHG
Carbon
dioxide
GWP: 1
Hydrofluorocarbons
GWP: 11,700
Methane
GWP: 21
Sulphur
hexafluoride
GWP: 23,900
Nitrous
oxide
GWP: 298
Perfluorocarbons
GWP: 9,200

8. Kyoto Protocol
• International Treaty
• Objective – Lower Overall GHG Emissions
• Annex – 1 Countries
• Annex – 2 Countries
• Non – Annex 1 Countries

9. Kyoto Mechanisms
• Three Mechanisms:
– Joint Implementation
– Clean Development
Mechanism
– International Emission
Trading

10. • JI – Earning of ERUs(Emission Reduction
Units)
Joint Implementation

11. What is CDM?
• Clean Development Mechanism
• A Flexibility Mechanism
• CERs - standardized emissions offset
instrument
• 2 Objectives
– to help developed countries fulfil their
commitments to reduce emissions
– to assist developing countries in achieving
sustainable development.

13. Emissions
Trading
• IET – International Emissions Trading
• Monetary value to the cost of polluting the
air
• Has place in Balance Sheet
• Currently there are six exchanges trading
in carbon allowances - the Chicago
Climate Exchange, European Climate
Exchange etc.