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This document discusses using PI and PID controllers to control the vibration of a bus suspension system. It presents a quarter-bus model to simplify the suspension system to a single mass-spring-damper system. The open-loop response shows oscillations with a large settling time. To address this, closed-loop control with PI and PID controllers is proposed. The controllers use proportional, integral and derivative terms to increase response speed and eliminate steady state error from disturbances. Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink will analyze and improve the bus suspension system response.
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sirishfinalpropsal
This document discusses using PI and PID controllers to control shaking in a bus suspension system. It first describes modeling a quarter-model of the bus suspension as a mass-spring-damper system. The open-loop response shows oscillations and long settling time. PI and PID controllers are then designed and applied in closed-loop control simulations in MATLAB to improve the response by reducing oscillations and shortening settling time. The PI controller uses proportional and integral terms, while the PID adds a derivative term. Both controllers are evaluated and compared based on time and frequency response characteristics.
MODELING AND DESIGN OF CRUISE CONTROL SYSTEM WITH FEEDFORWARD FOR ALL TERRIAN...
This paper presents PID controller with feed-forward control. The cruise control system is one
of the most enduringly popular and important models for control system engineering. The
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cover many important classical and modern design methods. In this paper, the mathematical
modeling for PID with feed-forward controller is proposed for nonlinear model with
disturbance effect. Feed-forward controller is proposed in this study in order to eliminate the
gravitational and wind disturbance effect. Simulation will be carried out . Finally, a C++
program written and feed to the microcontroller type AMR on our robot
Oa3424532456
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Observer-based controller design and simulation for an active suspension system
This document summarizes a study that designed and simulated an observer-based controller for an active suspension system. A quarter car model was created in Simulink to represent the active suspension. An observer-based controller using a Kalman filter was designed to estimate unmeasurable states and regulate the system response. Simulation results showed that the weighted RMS acceleration of the car body was reduced by 10.9% when traveling over a rough road, demonstrating the advantages of applying a Kalman filter to an active suspension system.
Application of Optimal Control theory to HEV
Reference are Google open source and Application of Optimal Control Theory to the HEV
Dynamic Process Based Control Method by ,Ou Jiajie
*
,Li Lifu
Institute of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering
South China University of Technology
Guangzhou, China
oujiajiell@126.com
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1) The document proposes control schemes for a photovoltaic pumping system based on a three-level boost converter and induction motor. A fuzzy logic controller is used for maximum power point tracking and a phase shift technique balances the voltages across the converter capacitors.
2) A cascaded nonlinear predictive controller is applied to control the induction motor, offering advantages over conventional field-oriented control such as improved torque response and parameter sensitivity.
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A MODEL BASED APPROACH FOR DESIGN OF SEMIACTIVE SUSPENSION USING VARIABLE STR...
A MODEL BASED APPROACH FOR DESIGN OF SEMIACTIVE SUSPENSION USING VARIABLE STR...International Journal of Technical Research & Application
This paper presents the modeling and simulation of
a magnetorheological damper based semiactive suspension using
variable structure controllers. Passive suspension systems tend to
limit the trade-off between passenger comfort and road handling.
But Semiactive suspensions can reduce this trade-off margin and
dynamically respond to the damping requirements. Active
suspensions provide the best response since they can add damping
force in any direction, but are prone to higher power consumption.
Semiactive suspensions just change the damping coefficient by
simply applying a control voltage as and when required. The
performance of three controllers- sigma 1, sigma 2 and sigma 3,
are measured and analyzed using nine parameters using peak,
root mean square and normalized approaches. The road
excitations considered are a single road hump and random road
disturbance. The control system is applied to a 2-degree of
freedom quarter car model of a passenger car. A modified BoucWen
model of MR damper is used to cater to the system responses
at near zero velocities. The performance of these controllers is
superior to the uncontrolled case, which is similar to passive
suspension system. Sigma 3 controller is superior to the
uncontrolled system by 63% while sigma 1 and sigma 2 are
superior by 53% when it comes to peak suspension deflection for
a random road disturbance. Both sigma 2 and sigma 3 controllers
are better in terms of performance. The validation of the
semiactive suspension leads to selection of sigma 2 controller over
sigma 3 controller because of its simplicity in implementation in
real-time systems.Recommended
sirishfinalpropsal
This document discusses using PI and PID controllers to control shaking in a bus suspension system. It first describes modeling a quarter-model of the bus suspension as a mass-spring-damper system. The open-loop response shows oscillations and long settling time. PI and PID controllers are then designed and applied in closed-loop control simulations in MATLAB to improve the response by reducing oscillations and shortening settling time. The PI controller uses proportional and integral terms, while the PID adds a derivative term. Both controllers are evaluated and compared based on time and frequency response characteristics.
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system is widely used because it is very simple to understand and yet the control techniques
cover many important classical and modern design methods. In this paper, the mathematical
modeling for PID with feed-forward controller is proposed for nonlinear model with
disturbance effect. Feed-forward controller is proposed in this study in order to eliminate the
gravitational and wind disturbance effect. Simulation will be carried out . Finally, a C++
program written and feed to the microcontroller type AMR on our robot
Oa3424532456
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
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This document summarizes a study that designed and simulated an observer-based controller for an active suspension system. A quarter car model was created in Simulink to represent the active suspension. An observer-based controller using a Kalman filter was designed to estimate unmeasurable states and regulate the system response. Simulation results showed that the weighted RMS acceleration of the car body was reduced by 10.9% when traveling over a rough road, demonstrating the advantages of applying a Kalman filter to an active suspension system.
Application of Optimal Control theory to HEV
Reference are Google open source and Application of Optimal Control Theory to the HEV
Dynamic Process Based Control Method by ,Ou Jiajie
*
,Li Lifu
Institute of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering
South China University of Technology
Guangzhou, China
oujiajiell@126.com
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1) The document proposes control schemes for a photovoltaic pumping system based on a three-level boost converter and induction motor. A fuzzy logic controller is used for maximum power point tracking and a phase shift technique balances the voltages across the converter capacitors.
2) A cascaded nonlinear predictive controller is applied to control the induction motor, offering advantages over conventional field-oriented control such as improved torque response and parameter sensitivity.
3) Simulation results show the proposed controllers increase hydraulic power by up to 23% during startup and 10% in steady state compared to conventional controllers.
A MODEL BASED APPROACH FOR DESIGN OF SEMIACTIVE SUSPENSION USING VARIABLE STR...
A MODEL BASED APPROACH FOR DESIGN OF SEMIACTIVE SUSPENSION USING VARIABLE STR...International Journal of Technical Research & Application
This paper presents the modeling and simulation of
a magnetorheological damper based semiactive suspension using
variable structure controllers. Passive suspension systems tend to
limit the trade-off between passenger comfort and road handling.
But Semiactive suspensions can reduce this trade-off margin and
dynamically respond to the damping requirements. Active
suspensions provide the best response since they can add damping
force in any direction, but are prone to higher power consumption.
Semiactive suspensions just change the damping coefficient by
simply applying a control voltage as and when required. The
performance of three controllers- sigma 1, sigma 2 and sigma 3,
are measured and analyzed using nine parameters using peak,
root mean square and normalized approaches. The road
excitations considered are a single road hump and random road
disturbance. The control system is applied to a 2-degree of
freedom quarter car model of a passenger car. A modified BoucWen
model of MR damper is used to cater to the system responses
at near zero velocities. The performance of these controllers is
superior to the uncontrolled case, which is similar to passive
suspension system. Sigma 3 controller is superior to the
uncontrolled system by 63% while sigma 1 and sigma 2 are
superior by 53% when it comes to peak suspension deflection for
a random road disturbance. Both sigma 2 and sigma 3 controllers
are better in terms of performance. The validation of the
semiactive suspension leads to selection of sigma 2 controller over
sigma 3 controller because of its simplicity in implementation in
real-time systems.Tracking and control problem of an aircraft
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1 s2.0-s0957415814001354-main
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2) Modern control engineering uses state-space and eigenvector approaches to model multi-input multi-output systems as sets of first-order differential equations.
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An adaptive sliding-mode observer is proposed for sensorless speed control of induction motors. Two sliding-mode current observers are used to make flux and speed estimation robust against parameter variations. An adaptive speed estimation is derived from stability theory based on the current and flux observers. Simulation and experimental results verify the approach and demonstrate its practicality.
Fpga based motor controller
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Tracking and control problem of an aircraft
Here our main focus is to monitor and maneuver the flight for a particular distance in a time-scale with absolute control. For this a rigorous formulation of flight mechanics and theories associated with advanced control systems are simplified and analyzed to obtain a feasible & optimized solution.
It is also important to remember that this idea basically involves handling problems of maneuvering control and other pilot-issues of an inner-loop flight-control system and does not dwell on outer loop control systems .
The operational significance of this maneuver is that it allows the pilot to slew quickly without increasing the normal acceleration and turning.
Backstepping Control for a Five-Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive
This paper deals with the synthesis of a speed control strategy for a fivephase
permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive based on
backstepping controller. The proposed control strategy considers the
nonlinearities of the system in the control law. The stability of the
backstepping control strategy is proved by the Lyapunov theory. Simulated
results are provided to verify the feasibility of the backstepping control
strategy.
Turbofan Engine Modelling and Control Design using Linear Quadratic Regulator...
There are many applications in which gas turbine engine is used today, including aircraft propulsion for both commercial and military purposes, and power generation and in all these Control systems technology has played a fundamental role in enhancing performance. Modelling plays a significant role in the development of the entire engine system performance. This paper investigated Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) model-based control method to obtain estimates of performance parameters. The main control variable selected is the fuel flow to control the rotational speed of high-pressure spool speed of the turbofan engine. Firstly a suitable mathematical model of the engine is developed in MATLAB Simulink environment with both the intercomponent volume and the constant mass flow methods used. Equations of the mass flow rate and the torque balance are incorporated in the steady state and dynamic state of the thermodynamic engine model. This represents the engine model by a set of first-order differential and algebraic equations and a linearized model is extracted for the analysis and design of a controller by LQR. It is demonstrated that LQR based controllers can perform better than conventional PID controllers. The settling time, rise time and maximum overshoot for LQR based controller are all less than those for PID based controller. The input also changes more accurately for LQR than the PID controller compared.
1 s2.0-s0957415814001354-main
1) A novel gearshift system is introduced comprising a 2 degree-of-freedom electromagnetic actuator to simplify structure, increase efficiency, and improve shift quality of automated manual transmissions.
2) The gearshift process is divided into non-synchronization and synchronization phases, with different control algorithms designed for each. Extended state observer based inverse system method is used for non-synchronization, while active disturbance rejection controller is used for synchronization.
3) Comparative simulations and experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method in achieving good gearshift performance for the novel system. The control strategy provides a new solution for automated manual transmission applications.
Control systems project report (180501008)(180501016)(180501018)(180501020)
A cruise control system for an electric vehicle has been modeled in MATLAB Simulink. A PI controller controls torque and a PID controller controls speed. The effect of the controllers and different inputs were analyzed. With both controllers, the system became stable, while it was unstable with no controllers. Step, ramp, and sine wave inputs all stabilized. Key parameters like peak time, rise time, and settling time were calculated from the output.
A coordinated mimo control design for a power plant using improved sliding mo...
For the participation of the steam power plants in regulating the network frequency, boilers and turbines should be co-ordinately controlled in addition to the base load productions. Lack of coordinated control over boiler–turbine may lead to instability; oscillation in producing power and boiler parameters; reduction in the reliability of the unit; and inflicting thermodynamic tension on devices. This paper proposes a boiler–turbine coordinated multivariable control system based on improved sliding mode controller (ISMC). The system controls two main boiler–turbine parameters i.e., the turbine revolution and superheated steam pressure of the boiler output. For this purpose, a comprehensive model of the system including complete and exact description of the subsystems is extracted. The parameters of this model are determined according to our case study that is the 320 MW unit of Islam-Abad power plant in Isfahan/Iran. The ISMC method is simulated on the power plant and its performance is compared with the related real PI (proportional-integral) controllers which have been used in this unit. The simulation results show the capability of the proposed controller system in controlling local network frequency and superheated steam pressure in the presence of load variations and disturbances of boiler.
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The document describes research on designing an automatic navigation control system for agricultural vehicles. A hardware platform was built using an ARM chip, RTK-GPS positioning system, and angle sensor. A hydraulic control valve test platform was developed to test and select valves. A navigation valve block was created and tested on a model vehicle to realize electrical control of steering. Navigation control algorithms were studied, including a pure pursuit path tracking model. Experiments showed the system could stably track a straight path in real-time, meeting precision agriculture requirements.
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converter model,
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cost function.
Speed Control of PMSM by Sliding Mode Control and PI Control
In order to optimize the speed-control performance of the permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM)
system with different disturbances and uncertainties, a nonlinear speed-control algorithm for the PMSM servo
systems using sliding-mode control and disturbance compensation techniques is developed in this paper.
First, a sliding-mode control and PI control method based on one novel which allows chattering reduction on
control input while maintaining high tracking performance of the controller. Then, an PI control extended
sliding-mode disturbance observer is proposed to estimate lumped uncertainties directly, to compensate
strong disturbances and achieve high servo precisions. Simulation results PI control better than the SMC
control both show the validity of the proposed control approach.
Vehicle Dynamics and Drive Control for Adaptive Cruise Vehicles
This document describes an adaptive cruise control system that uses hierarchical control architecture and PID/feedback controllers to maintain a desired distance and speed relative to a preceding vehicle.
The system uses a lower-level controller to compensate for nonlinear vehicle dynamics and track desired acceleration commands from an upper-level controller. The lower-level controller switches between a PID throttle controller and a feedback brake controller. Computer simulations validate that this hierarchical control approach enables the vehicle to accurately track the speed of the preceding vehicle and maintain the desired inter-vehicle distance.
D011121524
This document describes modeling an adaptive controller for an aircraft roll control system using PID, fuzzy-PID, and genetic algorithm. It begins by introducing the aircraft roll control system and motivation for developing an adaptive controller to minimize errors from noisy analog sensor signals. It then provides the mathematical model of aircraft roll dynamics and describes modeling the real-time flight control system in MATLAB/Simulink. The document evaluates PID, fuzzy-PID, and PID-GA (genetic algorithm) controllers for aircraft roll control and finds that the PID-GA controller delivers the best performance.
Robust second order sliding mode control for a quadrotor considering motor dy...
In this paper, a robust second order sliding mode control (SMC) for controlling a quadrotor with uncertain
parameters presented based on high order sliding mode control (HOSMC). A controller based on the
HOSMC technique is designed for trajectory tracking of a quadrotor helicopter with considering motor
dynamics. The main subsystems of quadrotor (i.e. position and attitude) stabilized using HOSMC method.
The performance and effectiveness of the proposed controller are tested in a simulation study taking into
account external disturbances with consider to motor dynamics. Simulation results show that the proposed
controller eliminates the disturbance effect on the position and attitude subsystems efficiency that can be
used in real time applications.
Introduction of control engineering
This document provides an introduction to control engineering. It discusses several key points:
1) Control engineering deals with designing systems to control dynamic processes and improve response speed, accuracy, and stability. This includes analyzing both classical and modern control methods.
2) Modern control engineering uses state-space and eigenvector approaches to model multi-input multi-output systems as sets of first-order differential equations.
3) Automatic control systems are commonly used, where a controlled variable is measured and compared to a setpoint to generate an output that achieves the desired result. This reduces costs and improves quality and productivity over manual control.
Analytical Evaluation of Generalized Predictive Control Algorithms Using a Fu...
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Autopilot Technology
Autopilot systems perform many of the same functions as human pilots by automatically controlling aircraft, vehicles or other moving objects. They use sensors and controllers to correct for errors and keep the craft on a desired path or attitude. A basic autopilot controls roll, pitch and yaw using effectors like elevators, rudders and ailerons. More advanced autopilots can perform complex maneuvers like landings. Key components include inertial sensors, controllers like Kalman filters and fuzzy logic, and electro-mechanical actuators. Autopilots are used widely in aircraft, vehicles, missiles, spacecraft and marinecraft to reduce workload and enable autonomous operations.
REU spring 2016
This summarizes a document describing a path following control method for experimental car-like robots. It presents a modified proportional control approach that takes a linear combination of proportional gains over cross-track error and heading error as feedback. This method was experimentally tested on a 1/10 scale RC car navigating various paths indoors using real-time motion capture for state feedback. Simulation and experiments showed the combined error approach provided stable control for navigating paths, unlike methods using only one error term, and was able to handle the non-holonomic constraints of the car's motion.
A Longitudinal Control Algorithm for Smart Cruise Control with Virtual Parame...
This paper presents a longitudinal control algorithm for a smart cruise control with virtual parameters in multiple transitions by a driver and traffic conditions. The object is to achieve driver’s comfort and smooth transition with collision prevention for safety in various driving situations. The proposed algorithm consists of an in-path target selection, a generation of virtual parameters, and longitudinal controller for smart cruise control. The in-path target selection algorithm selects an important target which moves on the driving direction of subject vehicle. In addition, it provides the information in order to drive a subject vehicle smoothly and improve safety in various traffic transitions. Finally, smart cruise control controller with virtual parameters computes the desired acceleration. In order to reduce effects of discontinuous changes caused by traffic conditions or drivers such as time gap, set speed, and automation switching, the virtual parameters are applied to longitudinal control algorithm for smart cruise control. The performance and safety benefits of the proposed smart cruise control system are investigated via simulations using real vehicle driving data
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Quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has superior characteristics such as ability to take off and land vertically, to hover in a stable air condition and to perform fast maneuvers. However, developing a high-performance quadrotor UAV controller is a difficult problem as quadrotor is an unstable and underactuated nonlinear system. The effort in this article focuses on designing and optimizing an autonomous quadrotor UAV controller. First, the aerial vehicle's dynamic model is presented. Then it is suggested an optimal backstepping controller (OBC). Traditionally, backstepping controller (BC) parameters are often selected arbitrarily. The gravitational search algorithm (GSA) is used here to determine the BC parameter optimum values. In the algorithm, the control parameters are calculated using an integral absolute error to minimize the fitness function. As the control law is based on the theorem of Lyapunov, the asymptotic stability of the scheme can be ensured. Finally, several simulation studies are conducted to show the efficacy of the suggested OBC.
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PPTSIRISHPROPOSAL
- 1. Control of vehicle Suspension System using PI and PID Controller BY VENKATA SIRISH KUMAR.A NITHYA SANNAREDDY
- 2. INTRODUCTION • The aim of the advanced bus suspension system is to provide smooth ride and maintain the control of the vehicle over cracks, uneven pavement of the road. Moreover, suspension system modeling has an important role for realistic control design of suspension • PI and PID controllers are designed to control the vibration occurred in bus suspension system using SIMULINK/MATLAB
- 3. PI AND PID CONTROLLERS
- 4. SUSPENSION SYSTEM • Suspension system serves a dual purpose- contributing to the vehicle's road holding/handling and braking for safety purpose and pleasure driving, and keeping vehicle occupants comfortable and isolated from road noise, bumps, and vibrations, etc.
- 5. PROBLEM FORMULATION • When the suspension system is designed, a ¼ model of bus is used to simplify the problem to a one dimensional mass-spring- damper system. Its open-loop performance on the basis of time response is observed which depicts that the bus suspension has oscillations with large settling time. To overcome this problem, closed-loop system is used.
- 6. BASIC EQUATIONS • The dynamic equation by using the Newton’s law. • Equations of Motion of quarter-bus model, given in equations (1) and (2) has been transformed in state-space model, shown in equations (3) and (4) including variable vector, disturbance vector and the input vector by applying some algebraic operations on them.
- 7. CONTROL APPROACH • The combination of proportional and integral terms is important to increase the speed of the response and also to eliminate the steady state error. • The PID controller calculation involves three separate parameters, and is accordingly sometimes called three-term control: the proportional, the integral and derivative values, denoted P, I, and D. The proportional value determines the reaction to the current error, the integral value determines the reaction based on the sum of recent errors, and the derivative value determines the reaction based on the rate at which the error has been changing. • The weighted sum of these three actions is used to adjust the process via a control element such as the disturbances of a bus suspension system.
- 8. PROPOSAL PROJECT PLAN • Finding Response of Bus suspension system using PI & PID controllers. • Preparing the SIMULINK and MATLAB . • Final result and conclusion . • Preparing for final presentation. • Bus suspension system is successfully implemented.
- 9. CONCLUSION • The overshoot of open loop response and settling time can be calculated which indeed signifies that people sitting in the bus feel small amount of oscillation for unacceptably long time. • The proposed model is intended to create and convey the reaction of framework utilizing PID controller up to a superior level.