forest ecosystem

1. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
OF FOREST & GRASS LAND
Presented
by
MOHAMMED
M
S5 EEE
1

2. Overview
 Introduction
 FOREST
 GRASS LAND
 Abiotic component
 Biotic component
 producers
 consumers
 Decomposers
2

3. Introduction
FOREST ECOSYSTEM
 Type of terrestrial ecosystem
 Usually of plant or animal origin
 Optimum conditions of temperature and ground moisture responsible for growth of
trees
 Includes a complex assemblage of different kinds of biotic communities.
 Contains essential nutrients, such as fats, proteins, vitamins, or minerals
 Each type of forest has its own flora and fauna are present
3

4. Temperate
forest4
forest
Tropical
forest
Sub-tropical
forest
Temperate
forest
Tropical
forest
Sub-tropical
forest

5. Different components of Forest
ecosystem
Forest
ecosystem
Abiotic
component
Biotic
components
5
Producer
organisms Consumer
Organisms
Decomposers

6. Abiotic component
 These are the inorganic as well as organic substances present in the soil and
atmosphere.
 Some trace elements are also present in soil
5

7. Producers
 These are mainly trees that show much species diversity
 The trees are of different kinds depending upon the kind of forest formation.
 Trees are also present shrubs and ground vegetation
 The main producers are
 flora
 Other producers ( Tectona grandis, Butea frondosa,etc)
 In temperate deciduous forest (Acer,Betula,picea etc)
5

8. consumers
 Primary consumers.
 These are herbivores that include the animals feeding on tree leaves as
(Ants,beetles,leaf hoppers,spiders,etc.)
 And large animals eats fruits of Producers(Elephants,Nilgai,Deer,flying foxes,etc)
 Secondary consumers
 It consumes Primary consumers .(Snakes,birds,lizards,fox,etc)
 Tertiary consumers
 It consumes secondary consumers.(lion,tiger etc)
8
Leaf hoppers Birds Lion

9. Decomposers
 These are wide variety of micro-organisms including
 Fungi (species of Aspergillus,polyporus,Trichoderma,etc..)
 Bacteria (species of Bacillus,Clostridium,etc…)
 Actinomycetes (species of Streptomyces.)
 Rate of decomposition in tropical and subtropical forests is more rapid than that in the temperate.
9
Polyporus Clostridium Actinomycetes

10. GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEM
 This ecosystem is found where rainfall is about 25 to 75cm per year.
 Grassland typically occur in the interiors of continents.
 Includes the tall grass prairies,short grass prairies.
 It founds the steppes of Eurasia,the Veldt of Africa and pampas of south America
10

11. Different components of
Grassland ecosystem
Grassland
ecosystem
Abiotic
component
Biotic
components
11
Producer
organisms Consumer
Organisms
Decomposers

12. Abiotic component
 These are the nutrients present in soil and the aerial
environment.(C,H,O,N,P,S,etc..)
 Some trace elements are also present in soil
5

13. Producers
 These are mainly grasses that as species of (Cynodon,Dismodium,Digitaria,etc..)
 A few forbs and shrubs also contribute to primary production.
Consumers
 Primary consumers
 The herbivores feeding on grasses are mainly such grazing
animals(deer,sheep,rabbit,etc..)
 There are some insects as (Leptocorisa,Cicincella,etc..) that feeds on the leaves of
grasses
 Secondary consumers
 These are the canivores feeding on herbivores.(fox,snakes,lizards,etc..)
5

14. Decomposers
 These are wide variety of micro-organisms including
 Fungi (species of Aspergillus,polyporus,Trichoderma,etc..)
 Bacteria (species of Bacillus,Clostridium,etc…)
 Actinomycetes (species of Streptomyces.)
 Rate of decomposition in tropical and subtropical forests is more rapid than that in the temperate.
14

15. REFERENCE
A BASIC COURSE IN ENVIRONMENTAL
STUDIES
WIKIPEDIA
CONTACT
EMAIL ID:mohammedbuccani@gmail.com

16. Thank you
16