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Forest ecosystem
- 1. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OFFOREST & GRASS LAND Presented by MOHAMMED M S5 EEE 1
- 2. Overview Introduction FOREST GRASS LAND Abiotic component Biotic component producers consumers Decomposers 2
- 3. Introduction FOREST ECOSYSTEM Typeof terrestrial ecosystem Usually of plant or animal origin Optimum conditions of temperature and ground moisture responsible for growth of trees Includes a complex assemblage of different kinds of biotic communities. Contains essential nutrients, such as fats, proteins, vitamins, or minerals Each type of forest has its own flora and fauna are present 3
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- 5. Different components ofForest ecosystem Forest ecosystem Abiotic component Biotic components 5 Producer organisms Consumer Organisms Decomposers
- 6. Abiotic component Theseare the inorganic as well as organic substances present in the soil and atmosphere. Some trace elements are also present in soil 5
- 7. Producers These aremainly trees that show much species diversity The trees are of different kinds depending upon the kind of forest formation. Trees are also present shrubs and ground vegetation The main producers are flora Other producers ( Tectona grandis, Butea frondosa,etc) In temperate deciduous forest (Acer,Betula,picea etc) 5
- 8. consumers Primary consumers. These are herbivores that include the animals feeding on tree leaves as (Ants,beetles,leaf hoppers,spiders,etc.) And large animals eats fruits of Producers(Elephants,Nilgai,Deer,flying foxes,etc) Secondary consumers It consumes Primary consumers .(Snakes,birds,lizards,fox,etc) Tertiary consumers It consumes secondary consumers.(lion,tiger etc) 8 Leaf hoppers Birds Lion
- 9. Decomposers These arewide variety of micro-organisms including Fungi (species of Aspergillus,polyporus,Trichoderma,etc..) Bacteria (species of Bacillus,Clostridium,etc…) Actinomycetes (species of Streptomyces.) Rate of decomposition in tropical and subtropical forests is more rapid than that in the temperate. 9 Polyporus Clostridium Actinomycetes
- 10. GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEM Thisecosystem is found where rainfall is about 25 to 75cm per year. Grassland typically occur in the interiors of continents. Includes the tall grass prairies,short grass prairies. It founds the steppes of Eurasia,the Veldt of Africa and pampas of south America 10
- 11. Different components of Grasslandecosystem Grassland ecosystem Abiotic component Biotic components 11 Producer organisms Consumer Organisms Decomposers
- 12. Abiotic component Theseare the nutrients present in soil and the aerial environment.(C,H,O,N,P,S,etc..) Some trace elements are also present in soil 5
- 13. Producers These aremainly grasses that as species of (Cynodon,Dismodium,Digitaria,etc..) A few forbs and shrubs also contribute to primary production. Consumers Primary consumers The herbivores feeding on grasses are mainly such grazing animals(deer,sheep,rabbit,etc..) There are some insects as (Leptocorisa,Cicincella,etc..) that feeds on the leaves of grasses Secondary consumers These are the canivores feeding on herbivores.(fox,snakes,lizards,etc..) 5
- 14. Decomposers These arewide variety of micro-organisms including Fungi (species of Aspergillus,polyporus,Trichoderma,etc..) Bacteria (species of Bacillus,Clostridium,etc…) Actinomycetes (species of Streptomyces.) Rate of decomposition in tropical and subtropical forests is more rapid than that in the temperate. 14
- 15. REFERENCE A BASIC COURSEIN ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES WIKIPEDIA CONTACT EMAIL ID:mohammedbuccani@gmail.com
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