The Airports Authority of India (AAI) is responsible for managing airports and providing air traffic control services across India. It generates revenue through airport development, landing/parking fees, and air traffic control services. Key responsibilities include controlling airspace, installing and maintaining communications and navigation equipment, developing and managing terminals, and providing air traffic control, rescue and fire services, and security. AAI oversees air traffic control, sets air routes, and provides area flight information, notices to airmen, and communications, navigation, and surveillance services through technologies like radar, VHF radio, and navigation aids.

2. • Formed under the act of parliament-
AIRPORTS AUTHORITY OF INDIA ACT 1994.
• Organization under the Ministry of Civil
Aviation that manages all the airports in India.
• Major revenue is generated from airports
development, landing/parking fees and fees
charged for providing Air Traffic Control
services to aircraft over the Indian airspace.
Airports Authority of India (AAI)

3. Services Provided by AAI
• Control and management of the Indian air space.
• Installation and maintenance of various
communication, navigation and surveillance aids.
• Design, development, operation and
maintenance of passenger terminals.
• Development and management of cargo
terminals.
• Passenger facilities and information system.
• Rescue and fire services.
• Anti-Hijacking cell.

4. Air Traffic Control
• A wing of AAI.
• Provides control over air traffic.
• Decides air-routes over Indian airspace.
• Responsibilities also includes
1.) Area flight information.
2.) Notice to air-men (NOTAM)
3.) Communication services.
4.) Navigational services.
5.) Surveillance services.

5. Phonetic Alphabet
A- Alpha J- Juliet S- Sierra
B- Bravo K-Kilo T- Tango
C- Charlie L- Lima U- Unifor
D- Delta M-Mike V- Victor
E- Echo N- November W-Whiskey
F- Foxtrot O-Oscar X- X-ray
G-Golf P- Papa Y- Yankee
H-Hotel Q-Quebec Z- Zulu
I - India R- Romeo

7. Communication
• Process of transferring information from one
source to another.
• Ground to Ground: Communication among
stations on the ground.
• Ground to Air: Between pilot and the air
traffic controller.
• Air to Air: Between the pilots of two aircrafts
in the air.

8. Communication
• HF or VHF is used for communication between
controller and pilot.
• Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunication
Network(AFTN) is used for communication
among ground stations.
• AFTN uses basic copper wire as
communication media.

9. Navigation and NAV-AIDS
• It is a process of reading and controlling the
movement of an aircraft from one place to
another.
• NDB: Transmits guiding signals towards a
particular aircraft at a particular frequency.
• DVOR: Directional VHF omni-range measures
the angular orientation of the aircraft with
respect to the magnetic north.

10. Navigation and NAV-AIDS
I.L.S. (Instrument Landing System)
• Localizer : Helps aircraft to identify the central
line of runway.
• Range:- 10-25 NM
• Frequency:- 108-111.9 MHz
• Glide Path : Gives the glide angle i.e. angle of
declination achieve for safe landing.
• Range:- 10 NM(-8 to +8 degrees)
• Safe glide angle:- 2-4 degrees

11. Localizer

12. Glide Path

13. DIAGRAM ILLUSTRATES THE FUNCTIONING AND
POSITIONING OF
NAV-AIDS

14. DISTANCE MEASURING
EQUIPMENT(DME) :
• DME is used in navigational aid which provide a
pilot with visual info regarding his
position(distance) related to ground base DME
station.
• The frequency range used for DME is between
960 MHz to 1215 MHz . This frequency is used
because it has better frequency stability
comparative to next higher frequencies in
microwave band.
• It has less reflection and attenuation.

16. DVOR

18. MSSR POWER SUPPLY Bhopal
Raw
Supply
MCB
1
63A
MCB
2
63A
Main
Surge
filter 1
30KVA
UPS1
30KVA
UPS2MSF 2
40
Batteries
40
Batteries
O/P
SURGE
Filter
MCB
3
63A
DU
MSTD All
Mode
Search
Protection
Main
s BP
PCB
3P
T-1P
T-1P SpareRACK
Spare
T-1PT-1P
PCB
Commutator
Box
I II
Mode - S
Radar

19. Surveillance
• Monitoring from a distance, by means of
equipment installed at each airport, the
movement of all the aircrafts within its region
of operation.
• Primary and secondary radars are used to aid
surveillance in civil as well as military aviation.
• Surface Movement Radar is used to monitor
the movement of the aircraft on runways or
taxiways.

20. Radars at ATC
Primary Radar :
• No role of target.
• Detection range upto 60NM.
• Frequency range is between 2 to 4 GHz.
• Operates at 15RPM.
• Consumes more power.
Secondary Radar:
• Target has to participate in the detection process.
• Target uses a transponder to reflect signal back.
• Detection range is upto 220 NM.
• Frequency range is between 1 to 2 GHz.

21. VHF (Very High Frequency)
• The VHF (very high frequency) range of Radio
Spectrum is the band which extends from 30
MHz to 300 Mhz.
• Band used for communication at the airport is
118- 136 MHz.
• Less affected by atmospheric noise and
interference from electrical equipment.
• Easily blocked by land features than HF.

22. HF(High Frequency)
• The HF (high frequency) range of Radio
Spectrum is the band which extends from 3
MHz to 30 Mhz.
• Ionosphere wave propagation.
• At oceanic regions no LOS communication is
possible, hence HF is used.
• Noise immunity is very low.

23. Security Equipments Used in Airport
X-RAYs
• X -ray is used in x-ray baggage systems. In this
a baggage put in scanner ,then it would show
colour according to material.
Metal Detector
• Handheld Metal Detector
• Door Frame Metal Detector

24. Security Equipments
Baggage
Inorganic
Organic
Metal
HHMD
DFMD

25. Conclusion
• Very enriching experience
• Practical application of theoretical concepts in
form of various equipments and processes
• Cooperative and encouraging staff makes it a
true learning experience

26. Thank You