Comparison Between Tablets Granulation Methods The document compares different tablet granulation methods including wet granulation, dry granulation, and moisture activated dry granulation (MADG). MADG is described as a simple, one-pot process that creates granules using a small amount of water without the need for drying. It saves time and money compared to wet granulation by skipping drying, milling, and screening steps. MADG results in granules with good physical properties and flowability at a lower cost than conventional wet granulation.

1. Comparison Between Tablets Granulation Methods
Presented by
Prof. Devender Sharma
Goenka College of Pharmacy, Sikar, Rajasthan
M. Pharm

2.  Introduction
 How I am better than other ?
 Need of work
 Objective
 Conclusion
 Reference
2
Contents

3. 3
ntroduction

4. 4
What is MADG process ?
Simple process that creates granulation with very good physical properties and
finished products with satisfactory quality attributes.
Granules are producing with required amount of moisture and a granulating
binder.
It is 'one-pot' granulation process.
Advance form of conventional wet granulation process.
In this process drying, milling and screening process skip to save time and
money.

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Wet granulation
This is the oldest and still most widely used method of tablet preparation
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a. Permits mechanical handling of powders without loss of quality of blend.
b. The flow properties of powder are improved by increasing particle size and sphericity.
c. Increases and improves the uniformity of powder density.
d. Improves cohesion during and after compaction.
e. Air entrapment is reduced.
f. Reduces the level of dust and cross contamination.
g. Allows for the addition of a liquid phase to powders.
h. The hydrophobic surfaces are made hydrophilic.
Advantages of wet granulation
Limitation of wet granulation
a. The greatest disadvantage of wet granulation is its cost. It is an expensive process because of
labor, time, equipment, energy and space requirements.
b. Loss of material during various stages of processing.
c. Stability may be major concern for moisture sensitive or thermo labile drugs.
d. Multiple processing steps add complexity and make validation and control difficult.
e. An inherent limitation of wet granulation is that any incompatibility between formulation
components is aggravated.

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Moisture Activated Dry Granulation (MADG)
MADG is a process in which moisture is used to activate granule formation,
without the need to apply heat to dry the granules.
There are two main stages in MADG:
Agglomeration
Moisture distribution/ Absorption
Agglomeration:
 In agglomeration, drug is blended with diluents' and binder in the powder
form, to obtain a uniform mixture.
 The amount of water used in process is very small as compared to the other
conventional wet granulation techniques.
 The particle size of the agglomerates generally falls in the range of 150–500
μm.
 Involves distribution of moisture to induce agglomeration – drying time is
reduced

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Agglomeration
stage
Moisture distribution-
Absorption stage
API + Diluents +Binder Sifting 40# mesh
Water spray
Continuous mixing 5-7 min.
Add Moisture absorbent
& Mixing for 2-5 min
Add Disintegrates
Mixing for 2-5 min
Add Lubricant
Compression
Mixing in RMG
(2-5 min)
% LOD
FIG.: MOISTURE ACTIVATED DRY
GRANULATION PROCESS
Process Flow Sheet of MADG process
% LOD
% LOD
% LOD
% LOD

8. Advantages of MADG process
 Short processing time.
 Suitable for continuous processing.
 It decreases drying time and produces granules with excellent flow ability.
 Single production equipment (rapid mixing granulator).
 Lower tablet sticking.
 Cost effective.
 Reproducible and scalable
 Moisture sensitive and high moisture absorbing API is poor candidates.
 Formulations with high dose are difficult to develop.
 Could be other issues with the API, with high-drug load formulations being
particularly difficult to develop
 Less familiarity with the process.

9. How I am better
than other?

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DRY GRANULATION WET GRANULATION
MOISTURE ACTIVATED DRY
GRANULATION
Dispensing and Shifting Dispensing and Shifting Dispensing and Shifting
Dry mixing Dry mixing Dry mixing
Slugging Slugging Granulation Granulation
Half lubrication Lubrication Pre-drying Pre-drying
Compression Compression Shifting Shifting
Milling Drying Drying
Shifting Pre-mixing (unlubrication) Pre-mixing (unlubrication)
Final lubrication Lubrication Lubrication
compression Compression Compression

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Dispensing and Shifting
(15 min.)
Dry mixing
(15 min.)
Granulation
(5 min.)
Pre-drying
(1Hr.)
Shifting
(5 min.)
Drying
(1 Hr.)
Pre-mixing (unlubrication)
(10 min.)
Lubrication
(3 min.)
Compression
(1 Hr.)
Dispensing and Shifting
(15 min.)
Dry mixing
(15 min.)
Granulation
(5 min.)
Pre-drying
(1Hr.)
Shifting
(5 min.)
Drying
(1 Hr.)
Pre-mixing (unlubrication)
(10 min.)
Lubrication
(3 min.)
Compression
(1 Hr.)
Comparison of
Cost of wet
granulation Vs
cost of MADG
process
Comparison of
Time of wet
granulation Vs
time of MADG
process
MOISTURE ACTIVATED DRY GRANULATION WET GRANULATION

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Need and
Objective of work

13. This process saves time, money and wastages.
In wet granulation process use of excessive
solvent is saved.
Reduction in the use of solvent avoids drying of
the granules leading to the reduction in
power consumption and man power.
Reduce the cleaning operation of number of
assets.
Drugs of sticking nature can be manufactured by
this process.

14. Aim & Objective of work
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What is needs of industries ?
Production cost of tablets can be reduced.
Reducing the excessive steps (drying and screening).
Time consumption reduced than conventional wet granulation
method.

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Conclusion
The moisture activated dry granulation method was found to be simple,
reproducible, easily controllable, economical, and continues process.
Additionally, the excipients used for the formulation of tablets were cheap and
easily available. Other drugs for the use in moisture activated dry granulation
method can be incorporated in the formulation of tablets. Therefore, these
types of moisture activated dry granulation method for tablets can be
commercially processed easily and potentially better other than wet
granulation method for formulation of tablets.

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References
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 Michael D.Tousey, the granulation process: basic technologies for tablet making.
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