A common disease of cattle and may also in dog, cat, sheep, goat, mare, Buffalo. The slides contain an introduction, causes of torsion, clinical signs and symptoms, torsion causes, treatment.
In this lecture, the approaches for breeding soundness evaluation of bulls are explained for veterinary students, practitioners, and aspirants of IAS, RAS, and other examinations.
Methods of estrus detection in dairy cows are described. This class lecture would be useful for students of veterinary science, practitioners, and researchers.
Selection and Preparation of the Mare and Stallion for BreedingHorse SA
Abdelsalam Talafha
DVM, Diplomate American College of Theriogenologists
School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences
The University of Adelaide, SA 5371
Australia
A common disease of cattle and may also in dog, cat, sheep, goat, mare, Buffalo. The slides contain an introduction, causes of torsion, clinical signs and symptoms, torsion causes, treatment.
In this lecture, the approaches for breeding soundness evaluation of bulls are explained for veterinary students, practitioners, and aspirants of IAS, RAS, and other examinations.
Methods of estrus detection in dairy cows are described. This class lecture would be useful for students of veterinary science, practitioners, and researchers.
Selection and Preparation of the Mare and Stallion for BreedingHorse SA
Abdelsalam Talafha
DVM, Diplomate American College of Theriogenologists
School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences
The University of Adelaide, SA 5371
Australia
Amniotic sac. A thin-walled sac that surrounds the fetus during pregnancy. The sac is filled with liquid made by the fetus (amniotic fluid) and the membrane that covers the fetal side of the placenta (amnion). This protects the fetus from injury.
F E T A L L I E , P R E S E N T A T I O N , A T T I T U D E A N D P O S I T I...DR MUKESH SAH
Hysterectomy is a surgery to remove the uterus and cervix. “Abdominal” is the surgical technique that will be used. This means the surgery will be done through an incision in your abdomen. A bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is surgery to remove both of your ovaries and fallopian tubes. The hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy will both be done during one procedure. This surgery will remove the uterus, cervix, ovaries, and fallopian tubes. After a hysterectomy you will no longer have periods or be able to become pregnant.
Why am I having this surgery?
There are multiple reasons why your provider may suggest a hysterectomy and salpingectomy:
Heavy periods
Endometriosis
Uterine fibroids
Cancer
You may also need to have a bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy if you are high risk for ovarian cancer, have certain types of breast cancer, or have ovarian masses or cysts.
What happens during this surgery?
Before the procedure, you will be given general anesthesia to sleep. Depending on your reason for surgery, the incision may be made either vertically or horizontally. A horizontal incision is made in your lower abdomen along the pubic hair, or bikini, line. A vertical incision is made above or below your belly button down to right above the pubic bone. The surgeon will remove your uterus, cervix, ovaries, and/or fallopian tubes from this incision.
What are the risks?
This procedure has a small risk of:
Bleeding during surgery, which may require a blood transfusion
Infection of the bladder or surgical site
Damage to surrounding organs (bladder, bowel, and ureters)
Possible need for further surgery
What should I do to prepare for the procedure?
Do not eat or drink anything after midnight the night before your surgery.
You will be under anesthesia for the procedure so you will need someone to drive you to and from your appointment.
Be sure to arrive two hours before your estimated surgery start time.
Ask your provider any questions you may have before the procedure, especially instructions on stopping or continuing to take any existing medications.
Follow the instructions from our office to schedule your pre and post op appointments.
What should I expect during recovery?
After surgery, you will usually need to remain in the hospital for about 2 nights. You should expect a full recovery after surgery to take about 6 weeks.
It is normal to have vaginal bleeding and discharge for 1 to 2 weeks after surgery. The discharge and bleeding should gradually decrease.
For 6 weeks after surgery, you need to avoid strenuous exercise, lifting heavy objects, and sexual activity.
Call your provider if you experience:
Fever greater than 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit
Severe nausea / vomiting or abdominal pain
Heavy bleeding (more than 2 pads soaked per hour)
Redness, swelling, or discharge from your incisions
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
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CDSCO and Phamacovigilance {Regulatory body in India}NEHA GUPTA
The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) is India's national regulatory body for pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Operating under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, the CDSCO is responsible for approving new drugs, conducting clinical trials, setting standards for drugs, controlling the quality of imported drugs, and coordinating the activities of State Drug Control Organizations by providing expert advice.
Pharmacovigilance, on the other hand, is the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems. The primary aim of pharmacovigilance is to ensure the safety and efficacy of medicines, thereby protecting public health.
In India, pharmacovigilance activities are monitored by the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI), which works closely with CDSCO to collect, analyze, and act upon data regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Together, they play a critical role in ensuring that the benefits of drugs outweigh their risks, maintaining high standards of patient safety, and promoting the rational use of medicines.
2. Presentation: The relationship between long axis of
the fetus with long axis of mother. It includes:
1-Longitudinal presentation, which can be anterior
or posterior depending on which fetal extremity is
entering the pelvis .
3. 2- Transverse presentation :The long axis of fetus
makes 90° angle with long axis of mother with
transverse presentation, which may be ventral or
dorsal according to whether the dorsal or ventral
aspect of the trunk is presented .
3- Vertical presentation : The long axis of fetus
makes 90° angle with long axis of mother with
vertical presentation (dorso or ventro )
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9. -In case of Transverse presentation:
Cephaloiliac position (R & L).
-In case of Vertical presentation:
Cephalosacral position.
-In case of Vertical presentation:
Cephalosacral position.