It describes abnormalities occur in calves which may be lead to dystocia.

1. Fetal monster in bovine
presented
By
Dr.Sulake Fadhil Abbas

2. Note
These pictures and there information were
download from:
http://www.drostproject.org/en_bovrep/guide.html

5. Six-legged Calf.
This six-legged Holstein calf was stillborn at term to a pluriparous cow.
The delivery required only minimal assistance. The head, tail and four
other limbs appeared normal. The extra set of hindlimbs narrowed as
they approached the pelvis and were attached near the head of right
femur.
Roodzant JP (2007)

6. Polymelia - Incomplete Twin.
Six-legged Holstein calf. Aberrant duplication of the development of the
hind legs during the early embryonic stage.
Mayo D (2013)

7. Polymelia - Incomplete Twin.
Right lateral view of a six-legged Holstein calf. Aberrant duplication of
the development of the hind legs during the early embryonic stage. Two
rear legs and a small part of an extra abdominal wall are shown between
the main hind legs.
Mayo D (2013)

8. Polymelia -
Incomplete Twin.
Rear view of a six-
legged Holstein calf.
Aberrant partial
duplication of the
development of the
hind legs during the
early embryonic
stage. Two rear legs
and a small part of
an extra abdominal
wall are shown
between the main
hind legs.
Mayo D (2013)

9. Polymelia -
Incomplete Twin.
Rear view of a six-
legged Holstein calf.
Aberrant partial
duplication of the
development of the
hind legs during the
early embryonic
stage. Two rear legs
and a small part of
an extra abdominal
wall are shown
between the main
hind legs.
Mayo D (2013)

10. Three-legged
Angus Calf.
Complete
congenital
absence of the
left front leg.
Dow CA
(2009)

11. Three-legged
Angus Calf.
Complete
congenital
absence of the
left front leg.
Dow CA
(2009)

12. Three-legged Holstein Calf.
Complete congenital absence of the left hind leg.
Varsano S (2012)

13. Parasitic Limb.
This Angus calf was born with a parasitic forelimb protruding from the
right side of its poll, a rare occurrence. A more common location for a
parasitic limb is the area of the whithers.
Miskimins DW (2009)

14. Conjoined Hereford Twins.
Complete Hereford twins conjoined at the chest
(thoracopagus).
Drost M (1984)

15. Conjoined Holstein Twins.
Complete Holstein twins conjoined at the chest. One head was severed
with the fetatome to enable vaginal delivery.
Drost M (1984)

16. Conjoined Twins.
These conjoined twins were born along with a small normal calf at term.
They were dipygus, tetrapus, tetrabrachius, monocephalus, and had 4
kidneys and a hernia.
Roberts SJ (1973)

17. Conjoined Twins.
Twins conjoined at the chest and with eight legs and one head.
Drost M (1984)

18. Conjoined Twins.
Twins conjoined at the thorax (thoracopagus) and with eight legs and
one head.
Drost M (1984)

20. Conjoined Twins.
Twins conjoined at the hindquarters with two pelvises and six legs.
Varsano S (2012)

21. Cyclops.
Cyclops found at the slaughter house. This calf weighed 60 kg, had long
hair and did not have a pituitary gland, suggestive of postmaturity as a
result of failure by the calf to initiate parturition.
Drost M (1968)

22. Fetal Giant.
Lateral view of the skull of a postterm (12 months) fetal giant showing a
cerebral hernia. While the brain was defective, the pituitary gland was
normal in this Guernsey fetus, yet the fetus did not initiate parturition.
The hypothalamus may have been deranged.
Roberts SJ (1973)

23. Fetal Giant.
Dorsal view of the skull of a postterm (12 months) fetal giant showing a
cerebral hernia. While the brain was defective the pituitary gland was
normal in this Guernsey fetus.
Roberts SJ (1973)

24. Perosomus Elumbis.
Perosomus elumbis; complete lack of development of the hindquarters.
Roberts SJ (1986)

25. Perosomus Elumbis.
Perosomus elumbis; lack of development of the hindquarters and
ankylosis of the hind limbs. The calf also has an abnormally short
mandible (brachygnathia; "sow mouth").
Roberts SJ (1973)

26. Perosomus Elumbis.
This severe congenital defect is characterized by vertebral defects caudal
to the thoracic region, and a deformed pelvis. In addition there is
ankylosis of the rear limbs.
Willis LA (2007)

27. Congenital Dropsy.
Congenital dropsy and anasarca in a 5-month old aborted, crossbred
fetus. The cow was a Red Holstein, the sire a Hinterwaelder
("Backwoods") bull.
Benz M (2009)

28. Fetal Anasarca.
Congenital dropsy and anasarca in a 5-month old aborted, crossbred
fetus. The cow was a Red Holstein, the sire a Hinterwaelder
("Backwoods") bull.
Benz M (2009)

29. Abdominal Dropsy.
Congenital dropsy and anasarca in a third trimester Holstein fetus. The
distended abdomen had to be lanced to permit vaginal delivery
Shipley C (2006)

30. Pulmonary Hypoplasia with Anasarca.
Posterior view of a Maine-Anjou fetus with Pulmonary Hypoplasia with
Anasarca (PHA). The huge bilateral swelling is due to fluid, not muscle.
The scrotum is the size of a 2-year old bull and is also filled with fluid.
The calf was delivered by cesarean section.
Kaiser L (2007)

31. Achondroplasia (Bulldog Calf).
Achondroplastic term Ayrshire calf (bulldog calf). [size of the square
tiles is 15 cm].
Roberts SJ (1986)

34. Pulmonary Hypoplasia with Anasarca.
Enlarged edematous head with swollen tongue. The ears are almost
invisible and the eyes appear as slits. This newborn calf was sire by a
purebred Maine-Anjou, the dam was a registered Chianina.
Kaiser L (2007)

35. Pulmonary Hypoplasia with Anasarca.
Facial view of the enlarged edematous head with swollen tongue, of a
newborn PHA calf. The ears are flat and nearly invisible. The eyes are
mere slits.
Kaiser L (2007)

36. PHA Severe Edema of the Head.
Massive swelling of the head of a calf born with Pulmonary Hypoplasia
Achondroplasia. The ears are difficult to identify and the eyes are mere
slits.
Kaiser L (2012)

39. Schistosoma Reflexus

42. Partial Delivery -
Schistosoma Reflexum.
Cow in the process of
delivering a calf with
Schistosoma reflexum. The
extra-abdominal viscera of
the fetal monster protrude
from the vulva. The gauge of
the fetal intestines readily
distinguish them from
potential maternal viscera.
The ankylosed vertebral
column frequently makes a
vaginal delivery, without the
benefit of a partial fetotomy,
difficult.
Roberts SJ (1973)

43. Schistosoma Reflexum - 70-Day Fetus.
A 70-day old fetus with Schistosoma reflexum (incidental finding as a
slaughterhouse specimen).
Drost M (1979)

44. Schistosoma Reflexum - 70-Day Fetus.
A 70-day old fetus with Schistosoma reflexum illustrating the early
vertebral defect (incidental finding as a slaughterhouse specimen).
Drost M (1979)

45. Vertebral Column Schistosoma Reflexum.
Close-up of the defective vertebral column of a 70-day old fetus
(incidental finding as a slaughterhouse specimen).
Drost M (1979)

46. Schistosoma Reflexum - 6-Month Fetus.
Extreme expression of Schistosoma reflexum in a 6-month old fetus.
Drost M (1978)

47. Schistosoma Reflexum - Holstein Neonate.
Schistosoma reflexum in a newborn Holstein calf. The vertebral column
has doubled back on itself and is ankylosed. Recommended method of
delivery is by fetotomy after severing the umbilical cord, if the calf is
alive.
Roodzant JP (2007)

48. Schistosoma Reflexum - Guernsey Fetus.
Schistosoma reflexum in a newborn Guernsey calf. The vertebral column
has doubled back on itself and is ankylosed. Viscera are distended with
fluid.
Roberts SJ (1973)

49. Schistosoma Reflexum - Jersey Neonate.
Schistosoma reflexum in a newborn Jersey calf. The hind legs are
contained within a sack of skin.
Roberts SJ (1973)

50. Schistosomus Reflexus in a Holstein Cow.
Fetal-size intestines presented at the vulva indicate an eviscerating
Schistosomus reflexus fetus in the process of delivery.
Shipley C (2006)

51. Schistosomus Reflexus in a Holstein Cow.
A term Schistosomus reflexus calf was delivered by traction per
vaginam. These fetal monsters are not large, per se, but they are
contorted.
Shipley C (2006)

52. Schistosomus Reflexus in a Holstein Cow.
A term Schistosomus reflexus calf was delivered by traction per
vaginam. These fetal monsters are not large, per se, but they are
contorted. This calf had a vertebral column that doubled back on itself.
Shipley C (2006)

53. Schistosomus Reflexus in a Holstein Cow.
A term Schistosomus reflexus calf was delivered by traction per
vaginam. These fetal monsters are not large, per se, but they are
deformed. This calf presented with a vertebral column that doubled back
on itself.
Shipley C (2006)

54. Schistosomus Reflexus / Fetal Death.
The everted abdominal wall has been opened up to show the head on the
upper left. The tip of the tongue is sticking out of the right corner of the
mouth. The fetus is completely turned back on itself and is compacted.
Wuenschmann A (2012)

55. Fetal Anasarca.
Generalized massive edema of all parts of the body (anasarca) of the
fetus. As a rule these fetuses are aborted. Most of these fetuses are the
result of an autosomal recessive gene.
Kearns BM (2013)

56. Fetal Anasarca.
Generalized massive edema of all parts of the body (anasarca) of the
fetus. As a rule these fetuses are aborted. Most of these fetuses are the
result of an autosomal recessive gene.
Kearns BM (2013)

58. Congenital Dropsy.
Fetal anasarca or congenital dropsy in an aborted Ayrshire fetus, due an
recessive autosomal gene. [size of the square tile 15 cm].
Roberts SJ (1986)

59. Fetal Ascitis and Anasarca.
Fetal ascitis and anasarca in an aborted 6 month old fetus, due an
recessive autosomal gene. [size of the glove box is 12 x 24 cm]. There is
also pronounced edema of the chorioallantois.
Leduc F (2007)

60. Fetal Edema and Anasarca.
Fetal ascitis and anasarca in an aborted 6 month old fetus, due an
recessive autosomal gene. The thymus gland is grossly enlarged.
Leduc F (2007)

62. Anasarcous 7 Month Fetus.
Male anasarcous Simmental fetus delivered by cesarean section at ~ 7
months of gestation.
Ramírez O (2012)

63. Fetal Globosus Amorphus - 8 mos.

64. Fetal Globosus Amorphus - 8 mos.

69. Two-Headed Calf.
This two-headed calf is an incomplete set of twins. This bicephalic calf had one body.
The conformation may lead to dystocia. Vaginal delivery is effected by partial fetotomy
if the calf is dead, or after severance of the umbilical cord.
Utrecht (1976)

70. Partial Fetotomy.
The head of this term bicephalic calf was reduced in size by making two
cuts with the fetatome, to enable vaginal delivery.
Leduc F (2007)

71. Two-Headed, Five-Legged Calf.
Term fetal monster with two asymmetrical heads and a parasitic (extra)
pelvic limb.
Roberts SJ (1973)