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Andrology lecture 19 impotentia generandi part 2

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DrGovindNarayanPuroh

This document discusses infertility in male domestic animals. It covers various congenital and acquired causes of infertility affecting the testes, epididymis, and accessory sex glands. Congenital issues discussed include testicular hypoplasia, freemartinism, cryptorchidism, and hermaphroditism. Acquired causes include testicular degeneration due to thermal, vascular, infectious, chemical, autoimmune, and neoplastic factors. Specific diseases covered are orchitis and testicular fibrosis. Diagnosis involves semen analysis, ultrasound, and biopsy, with treatment focusing on removing causal factors and antibiotics.

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INFERTILITY IN MALE DOMESTIC ANIMALS Impotentia Generandi -II Prof. Dr. G.N Purohit MVSC, PhD, MNVAS Dean Post Graduate Studies and University Head Dept. Veterinary (Gynecology & Obstetrics) College of veterinary & Animal Science, RAJUVAS Bikaner, Raj., India. Email: gnpobs@gmail.com Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir)
Associated with abnormal semen production Testis Epidiymis Accessory Sex Glands Vas deferens GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
Pathology of Testis Acquired Congenital GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
Structure of Testis GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
Pathology of Testis Congenital  Testicular hypoplasia  Freemartinism  Hermaphroditism  Cryptorchidism GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
Testicular Hypoplasia • Caused by single recessive autosomal gene. • The sperm producing somniferous tubules are poorly developed. Remaining reproductive organ developing normal. • Animal expresses normal libido and mounting behavior. • Leydig cells and testosterone concentration are not affected. • But no sperm within the lumen. • Prognosis: Poor and due to congenital origin. GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
Freemartinism • Female co-twin with the male. • Female 100% Sterile • Male 91% fertile and 9% Non inflammatory degenerative changes. GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
Cryptorchidism • Retention of one or both testes in abdomen. • Testes may be located ectopically under the skin of the ventral caudal abdomen, alongside the penis, rarely in the perineal region, femoral canal or inguinal canal. • Type - Unilateral of Bilateral • Unilateral – Right testis – Common GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
Symptoms and lesion • Cryptorchid testes usual small, soft and flaccid and fail to produce sperm. • Spermatogenesis is completely inhibited by the elevation of the temperature of the affected testis. • Interstitial or Leydig cells are not affected so sexual activity is normal or even exaggerated in bilateral cryptorchids. • Sertoli cell tumor and seminoma common. GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
Hermophroditism Definition : A hermaphrodite or an intersex refers to an animal of equivocal sex, since the physical characteristics including the external genitalia are inconclusive. • Most common in cattle, pigs, and goats. • Based only on the presence of gonads • Divided into three group GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
Types of Hermophroditism Type Gonads External genitalia Sexual Behaviour True Hermaphroditism Ovotestes Female genitalia Female Male Pseudo Hermaphroditism Testes Hypoplastic testis Cryptorchid testis Female Enlarged clitoris Rudimentary penis Male Female Pseudo Hermaphroditism Ovary Male genitalia Female GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
ACQUIRED Testicular Degeneration Orchitis Fibrosis of testis GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
Testicular Degeneration Cause • Thermal causes • Vascular disturbances • Irradiation • Hormonal • Age • Infectious diseases • Chemical Cause • Autoimmunization • Neoplasms of the testis • Testicular tumors in dogs GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
Cause Specific Features Thermal causes Temperature Increased (Cryptorchidism, Direct heating on scrotum etc.) Affects the spermatids, spermatozoa and spermatocytes but does not affect the spermatogonia and Leydig cells. Vascular disturbances  Torsion, Strongyle larvae in testicular artery in Horse, Varicocele Age effects Dogs >10 years , Cat >12 years of age , bulls >8 years of age affected the most. Irradiation  The spermatocytes are most sensitive to irradiation while Leydig and Sertoli cells are quite resistant. Infectious diseases Brucellosis, EPIVAG, IBR-IPV virus, TB etc. GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
Causes Specific Features Hormonal causes  Tumour of the anterior pituitary gland or hypothalamus ( Dystrophia Adiposagenitalis Syndrome) in dogs. Chemical causes  Chlorinated napthalenes, Antimony compounds, cadmium chloride and amphotericin B.  Dipping of rams in arsenic solutions cause degeneration of seminiferous tubules Autoimmunization  Experimentally – S/c of autologous testicular material + Freund’s adjuvant – Degeneration. Testicular Neoplasms Rare in all domestic animals expect dogs  Dogs : Intestitial cell tumors or adenomas or Leydig-cell tumors - most common tumors in old dogs Sertoli cell tumors or tubular adenomas – Least common GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
Clinical signs  Testis size and consistency are not usually altered, expect in bulls with chronic degeneration and resultant to fibrosis.  Increased proportion of detached sperm heads is the first morphological signs of degeneration.  Semen concentration and motility will be varied. It is depending upon the degree and duration of the condition. GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
Diagnosis  Based on semen evaluation (Ex. Decreased semen quality and fertility)  Based on Ultrasonagrapy ( Hyperechoic and acoustic shadowing of testicular tissue).  Based on histological examination ( Testicular biopsy ) GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
Prognosis  Depending upon the causative factor,  Duration  Degree of degeneration and  Age of animal.  Severe testicular degeneration leads to fibrosis and calcification and recovery is never possible. GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
Treatment  Removal of primary causative agent followed by Sexual rest.  Balanced diet supplemented with Vitamin A and Vitamin E.  Exercise require in some cases.  Use of hormones has not been found satisfactory. Testosterone, FSH preparation and thyroxin have not been found to be of therapeutic value in cases of testicular degeneration.  Cold packs may be applied.  Glucocorticoid agents along with the antibiotics might be helpful in reducing the inflammatory reaction. GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
Orchitis  Inflammation of testis caused mostly by bacterial infections (e.g. Brucella abortus) and some viral agents (e.g. Epivag virus).  Commonly unilateral than bilateral.  Ascending infection from the urinary tract is postulated, but haematogenous spread seems more probable.  In acute cases, scrotum becomes hot, painful and oedematous. GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
Conti.. • Treatment includes dressing with antiseptics and application of ice packs. Sexual rest is given to affected animals. Broad range antibiotics with glucocorticoids. GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
Testicular fibrosis • Prolonged testicular degeneration or testicular inflammation leads to testicular fibrosis or testicular Calcification. • Fibrotic changes in testis of buffalo bulls (the testes were hard to palpation) affected with tuberculosis. FIBROSIS GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
Pathology of Epididymis  Epididymitis  Spermiostasis  Aplasia of the mesonephric ducts  Spermatocele GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
Structure of Epididymis GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
Epididymitis • Inflammation of epididymis usually occur secondary to orchitis. • Causes : Infectious causes – Brucellosis , EPIVAG etc. • Ram - REO (Ram Epididymitis Organism) – B.ovis.- Veneral transmission. • Unilateral epididymitis results in reduced fertility, whereas bilateral obstruction results in sterility. GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
Epididymitis EPDIDYMITIS GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
Spermiostasis & Spermatocele Spermiostasis due to distention of efferent or epididymal tubules with the secondary formation of spermatic granulomas or blind rudimentary mesonephric tubules in the region of the head of the epididymis. This is common in bucks and rams and is hereditary. There is no treatment. Spermatocele : A spermatocoele is a cyst that contains spermatozoa. They occur in the head of the epididymis or less commonly, in the spermatic cord. Clinically, they resemble epididymal cysts but contain milky, rather than clear, fluid. GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
Pathology of Vas Deferens and Ampullits • Inflammation of the vas deferens is usually associated with an orchitis, epididymitis or seminal vesiculitis. • Segmental aplasia of the vas deferens and ampulla mainly due to abnormalities of the wolffian duct or mesonephric duct system. GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
Pathology of Accessory Glands GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
Seminal Vesiculitis • Seminal vesiculitis is the most common abnormality of the accessory sex gland in cattle and buffalo. • Etiology – Brucellosis, TB, Mycoplasmosis etc. • Type (Galloway’s classification) • Type 1 - Unilateral • Type 2 - Bilateral GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
Seminal Vesiculitis Seminal Vesiculitis GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
Conti.. Diagnosis • Based on transrectal examination , • Ultrasonagraphy • Present of high number of leucocyte in the semen. (Not confirmative – Because leucocytes in the semen may also come from other portions of the urogenital tract including the prepuce.) GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
Conti.. Prognosis • Fair to poor depending upon the causative agent • Secondary lesions of the testes, epididymis, ampullae or prostate should be slaughtered. Treatment • Broad spectrum antibiotics - 2 weeks • Ex. Tilmicosin (1ml/ 30kg BWT SC every 48 h for 3 treatment) GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
Prostatic Hyperplasia • Due to an endocrine imbalance with an excess of testosterone secreted causing hyperplasia of the prostate gland. • The enlarged gland may contain small cysts and cyst may be calcified. • More than 5 years of age dogs are commonly affected. • Castration, as this removes the source of androgen causing hyperplasia. Within 2 to 3 weeks the gland begins to noticeably involute and by 6 to 8 weeks it is relatively small in size and atrophied. Finasteride daily oral administration of 0.1–0.5 mg/kg BW for 16 weeks GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
Prostatic Hyperplasia GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
Contact me Prof. Dr. G.N Purohit MVSC, PhD, MNVAS Head Dept. Veterinary (Gynecology & Obstetrics) College of veterinary & Animal Science, Bikaner, Raj.India. Email:gnpobs@gmail.com Linked in : linkedin.com/in/dr-govind-narayan-purohit-13a04a17 YouTube Channel link : https://www.youtube.com/user /gnpobs61/videos GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
Kindly listen to the lecture completely, share the video and subscribe to my You tube channel Govind Narayan Purohit if you like them. GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes

More Related Content

Andrology lecture 19 impotentia generandi part 2

  • 1. INFERTILITY IN MALE DOMESTIC ANIMALS Impotentia Generandi -II Prof. Dr. G.N Purohit MVSC, PhD, MNVAS Dean Post Graduate Studies and University Head Dept. Veterinary (Gynecology & Obstetrics) College of veterinary & Animal Science, RAJUVAS Bikaner, Raj., India. Email: gnpobs@gmail.com Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir)
  • 2. Associated with abnormal semen production Testis Epidiymis Accessory Sex Glands Vas deferens GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
  • 3. Pathology of Testis Acquired Congenital GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
  • 4. Structure of Testis GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
  • 5. Pathology of Testis Congenital  Testicular hypoplasia  Freemartinism  Hermaphroditism  Cryptorchidism GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
  • 6. Testicular Hypoplasia • Caused by single recessive autosomal gene. • The sperm producing somniferous tubules are poorly developed. Remaining reproductive organ developing normal. • Animal expresses normal libido and mounting behavior. • Leydig cells and testosterone concentration are not affected. • But no sperm within the lumen. • Prognosis: Poor and due to congenital origin. GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
  • 7. Freemartinism • Female co-twin with the male. • Female 100% Sterile • Male 91% fertile and 9% Non inflammatory degenerative changes. GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
  • 8. Cryptorchidism • Retention of one or both testes in abdomen. • Testes may be located ectopically under the skin of the ventral caudal abdomen, alongside the penis, rarely in the perineal region, femoral canal or inguinal canal. • Type - Unilateral of Bilateral • Unilateral – Right testis – Common GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
  • 9. Symptoms and lesion • Cryptorchid testes usual small, soft and flaccid and fail to produce sperm. • Spermatogenesis is completely inhibited by the elevation of the temperature of the affected testis. • Interstitial or Leydig cells are not affected so sexual activity is normal or even exaggerated in bilateral cryptorchids. • Sertoli cell tumor and seminoma common. GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
  • 10. Hermophroditism Definition : A hermaphrodite or an intersex refers to an animal of equivocal sex, since the physical characteristics including the external genitalia are inconclusive. • Most common in cattle, pigs, and goats. • Based only on the presence of gonads • Divided into three group GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
  • 11. Types of Hermophroditism Type Gonads External genitalia Sexual Behaviour True Hermaphroditism Ovotestes Female genitalia Female Male Pseudo Hermaphroditism Testes Hypoplastic testis Cryptorchid testis Female Enlarged clitoris Rudimentary penis Male Female Pseudo Hermaphroditism Ovary Male genitalia Female GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
  • 12. ACQUIRED Testicular Degeneration Orchitis Fibrosis of testis GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
  • 13. Testicular Degeneration Cause • Thermal causes • Vascular disturbances • Irradiation • Hormonal • Age • Infectious diseases • Chemical Cause • Autoimmunization • Neoplasms of the testis • Testicular tumors in dogs GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
  • 14. Cause Specific Features Thermal causes Temperature Increased (Cryptorchidism, Direct heating on scrotum etc.) Affects the spermatids, spermatozoa and spermatocytes but does not affect the spermatogonia and Leydig cells. Vascular disturbances  Torsion, Strongyle larvae in testicular artery in Horse, Varicocele Age effects Dogs >10 years , Cat >12 years of age , bulls >8 years of age affected the most. Irradiation  The spermatocytes are most sensitive to irradiation while Leydig and Sertoli cells are quite resistant. Infectious diseases Brucellosis, EPIVAG, IBR-IPV virus, TB etc. GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
  • 15. Causes Specific Features Hormonal causes  Tumour of the anterior pituitary gland or hypothalamus ( Dystrophia Adiposagenitalis Syndrome) in dogs. Chemical causes  Chlorinated napthalenes, Antimony compounds, cadmium chloride and amphotericin B.  Dipping of rams in arsenic solutions cause degeneration of seminiferous tubules Autoimmunization  Experimentally – S/c of autologous testicular material + Freund’s adjuvant – Degeneration. Testicular Neoplasms Rare in all domestic animals expect dogs  Dogs : Intestitial cell tumors or adenomas or Leydig-cell tumors - most common tumors in old dogs Sertoli cell tumors or tubular adenomas – Least common GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
  • 16. Clinical signs  Testis size and consistency are not usually altered, expect in bulls with chronic degeneration and resultant to fibrosis.  Increased proportion of detached sperm heads is the first morphological signs of degeneration.  Semen concentration and motility will be varied. It is depending upon the degree and duration of the condition. GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
  • 17. Diagnosis  Based on semen evaluation (Ex. Decreased semen quality and fertility)  Based on Ultrasonagrapy ( Hyperechoic and acoustic shadowing of testicular tissue).  Based on histological examination ( Testicular biopsy ) GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
  • 18. Prognosis  Depending upon the causative factor,  Duration  Degree of degeneration and  Age of animal.  Severe testicular degeneration leads to fibrosis and calcification and recovery is never possible. GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
  • 19. Treatment  Removal of primary causative agent followed by Sexual rest.  Balanced diet supplemented with Vitamin A and Vitamin E.  Exercise require in some cases.  Use of hormones has not been found satisfactory. Testosterone, FSH preparation and thyroxin have not been found to be of therapeutic value in cases of testicular degeneration.  Cold packs may be applied.  Glucocorticoid agents along with the antibiotics might be helpful in reducing the inflammatory reaction. GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
  • 20. Orchitis  Inflammation of testis caused mostly by bacterial infections (e.g. Brucella abortus) and some viral agents (e.g. Epivag virus).  Commonly unilateral than bilateral.  Ascending infection from the urinary tract is postulated, but haematogenous spread seems more probable.  In acute cases, scrotum becomes hot, painful and oedematous. GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
  • 21. Conti.. • Treatment includes dressing with antiseptics and application of ice packs. Sexual rest is given to affected animals. Broad range antibiotics with glucocorticoids. GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
  • 22. Testicular fibrosis • Prolonged testicular degeneration or testicular inflammation leads to testicular fibrosis or testicular Calcification. • Fibrotic changes in testis of buffalo bulls (the testes were hard to palpation) affected with tuberculosis. FIBROSIS GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
  • 23. Pathology of Epididymis  Epididymitis  Spermiostasis  Aplasia of the mesonephric ducts  Spermatocele GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
  • 24. Structure of Epididymis GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
  • 25. Epididymitis • Inflammation of epididymis usually occur secondary to orchitis. • Causes : Infectious causes – Brucellosis , EPIVAG etc. • Ram - REO (Ram Epididymitis Organism) – B.ovis.- Veneral transmission. • Unilateral epididymitis results in reduced fertility, whereas bilateral obstruction results in sterility. GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
  • 26. Epididymitis EPDIDYMITIS GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
  • 27. Spermiostasis & Spermatocele Spermiostasis due to distention of efferent or epididymal tubules with the secondary formation of spermatic granulomas or blind rudimentary mesonephric tubules in the region of the head of the epididymis. This is common in bucks and rams and is hereditary. There is no treatment. Spermatocele : A spermatocoele is a cyst that contains spermatozoa. They occur in the head of the epididymis or less commonly, in the spermatic cord. Clinically, they resemble epididymal cysts but contain milky, rather than clear, fluid. GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
  • 28. Pathology of Vas Deferens and Ampullits • Inflammation of the vas deferens is usually associated with an orchitis, epididymitis or seminal vesiculitis. • Segmental aplasia of the vas deferens and ampulla mainly due to abnormalities of the wolffian duct or mesonephric duct system. GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
  • 29. Pathology of Accessory Glands GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
  • 30. Seminal Vesiculitis • Seminal vesiculitis is the most common abnormality of the accessory sex gland in cattle and buffalo. • Etiology – Brucellosis, TB, Mycoplasmosis etc. • Type (Galloway’s classification) • Type 1 - Unilateral • Type 2 - Bilateral GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
  • 31. Seminal Vesiculitis Seminal Vesiculitis GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
  • 32. Conti.. Diagnosis • Based on transrectal examination , • Ultrasonagraphy • Present of high number of leucocyte in the semen. (Not confirmative – Because leucocytes in the semen may also come from other portions of the urogenital tract including the prepuce.) GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
  • 33. Conti.. Prognosis • Fair to poor depending upon the causative agent • Secondary lesions of the testes, epididymis, ampullae or prostate should be slaughtered. Treatment • Broad spectrum antibiotics - 2 weeks • Ex. Tilmicosin (1ml/ 30kg BWT SC every 48 h for 3 treatment) GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
  • 34. Prostatic Hyperplasia • Due to an endocrine imbalance with an excess of testosterone secreted causing hyperplasia of the prostate gland. • The enlarged gland may contain small cysts and cyst may be calcified. • More than 5 years of age dogs are commonly affected. • Castration, as this removes the source of androgen causing hyperplasia. Within 2 to 3 weeks the gland begins to noticeably involute and by 6 to 8 weeks it is relatively small in size and atrophied. Finasteride daily oral administration of 0.1–0.5 mg/kg BW for 16 weeks GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
  • 35. Prostatic Hyperplasia GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
  • 36. Contact me Prof. Dr. G.N Purohit MVSC, PhD, MNVAS Head Dept. Veterinary (Gynecology & Obstetrics) College of veterinary & Animal Science, Bikaner, Raj.India. Email:gnpobs@gmail.com Linked in : linkedin.com/in/dr-govind-narayan-purohit-13a04a17 YouTube Channel link : https://www.youtube.com/user /gnpobs61/videos GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes
  • 37. Kindly listen to the lecture completely, share the video and subscribe to my You tube channel Govind Narayan Purohit if you like them. GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Dr. GN Purohit – Educational and Confidential - Content collected from different sources Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes