This document outlines personal protective equipment (PPE) requirements for different hazard levels from A to D. Level A provides maximum respiratory, skin and eye protection for immediate danger to life/health. Level B also provides high respiratory protection with less skin protection. Level C provides moderate protection when skin and eye exposure is unlikely. Level D provides minimum protection when no hazards are known or suspected. PPE requirements like types of suits, gloves and respirators are defined for each level. Conditions for selecting and reevaluating a level are provided.
This document discusses personal protective equipment (PPE) used in healthcare settings. It defines PPE as specialized clothing or equipment worn by employees to protect against infectious materials. The document then reviews various types of PPE including gloves, masks, gowns, goggles, face shields, head covers, shoe covers, and respirators. It provides details on the purpose and proper use of each type of PPE, and stresses the importance of appropriate PPE to protect both healthcare workers and patients from infection.
(1) Adult Basic Life Support (BLS) involves checking for safety, assessing responsiveness, calling for help, opening the airway, checking breathing and pulse, performing chest compressions, using an automated external defibrillator (AED), and administering medications.
(2) The key steps are to check for safety, tap and ask the victim to respond, call for emergency services, open the airway, give rescue breaths in a 30:2 ratio with compressions for adults, check the carotid pulse, perform chest compressions, use an AED if available, and administer drugs like atropine, adrenaline, vasopresin, amiodarone, or lidocaine as indicated.
Guidance for the selection and use of personal protective equipmentSurya Prajapat
It tells about components of PPE kit and their specifications and how to don and remove the PPE Kit. This presentation also tells about the sequence to don and remove the PPE
Personal protective equipment (PPE) like gloves, gowns, masks, and eye protection form barriers that protect healthcare workers from exposure to infectious materials. The proper use of PPE includes donning it in a specific sequence - gown, mask, goggles, then gloves - before entering a patient's room. PPE should be removed in the reverse order, and hand hygiene performed, to prevent the spread of germs. Common types of PPE like surgical masks, N95 respirators, and gloves are described along with guidelines for proper fitting, use, and disposal to protect both healthcare workers and patients.
The document discusses personal protective equipment (PPE) which directly protects workers from hazards. PPE should be selected based on work hazards and environment conditions while meeting safety and ergonomic standards. Common types of PPE include protective clothing, hand/foot protection, head protection, hearing protection, eye/face protection, and respiratory protection. The document then lists common PPE compliance errors seen in healthcare workers and potential barriers to PPE use such as availability, perception of infection risk, and interference with patient care. Finally, it poses examining whether quality improvement theories can address issues of PPE non-compliance in hospitals.
This document provides guidance on selecting and using personal protective equipment (PPE) in healthcare settings. It outlines the goals of a PPE program which are to improve safety through appropriate PPE use. It defines PPE and outlines regulations and recommendations from OSHA and CDC on PPE use. The document describes different types of PPE like gloves, gowns, masks, goggles and respirators and provides details on proper donning, use and removal to prevent exposure to infectious materials.
The document discusses principles for the proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE) by public health practitioners. It defines PPE as specialized clothing or equipment worn to protect against dangerous or infectious materials. The document outlines various types of PPE including gowns, masks, respirators, goggles, gloves, and shoe covers. It provides guidance on properly donning and removing PPE to prevent the spread of infection. Maintaining good hand hygiene and properly disposing of used PPE are emphasized.
This document is an 11 question quiz about performing CPR on an adult. It tests knowledge on the proper procedures such as checking for responsiveness, breathing, and pulse before beginning CPR. The questions cover topics like chest compression depth and rate, opening the airway, and the correct pump to breath ratio. The answer key is provided at the end.
This document discusses personal protective equipment (PPE) used in healthcare settings. It defines PPE as specialized clothing or equipment worn by employees to protect against infectious materials. The document then reviews various types of PPE including gloves, masks, gowns, goggles, face shields, head covers, shoe covers, and respirators. It provides details on the purpose and proper use of each type of PPE, and stresses the importance of appropriate PPE to protect both healthcare workers and patients from infection.
(1) Adult Basic Life Support (BLS) involves checking for safety, assessing responsiveness, calling for help, opening the airway, checking breathing and pulse, performing chest compressions, using an automated external defibrillator (AED), and administering medications.
(2) The key steps are to check for safety, tap and ask the victim to respond, call for emergency services, open the airway, give rescue breaths in a 30:2 ratio with compressions for adults, check the carotid pulse, perform chest compressions, use an AED if available, and administer drugs like atropine, adrenaline, vasopresin, amiodarone, or lidocaine as indicated.
Guidance for the selection and use of personal protective equipmentSurya Prajapat
It tells about components of PPE kit and their specifications and how to don and remove the PPE Kit. This presentation also tells about the sequence to don and remove the PPE
Personal protective equipment (PPE) like gloves, gowns, masks, and eye protection form barriers that protect healthcare workers from exposure to infectious materials. The proper use of PPE includes donning it in a specific sequence - gown, mask, goggles, then gloves - before entering a patient's room. PPE should be removed in the reverse order, and hand hygiene performed, to prevent the spread of germs. Common types of PPE like surgical masks, N95 respirators, and gloves are described along with guidelines for proper fitting, use, and disposal to protect both healthcare workers and patients.
The document discusses personal protective equipment (PPE) which directly protects workers from hazards. PPE should be selected based on work hazards and environment conditions while meeting safety and ergonomic standards. Common types of PPE include protective clothing, hand/foot protection, head protection, hearing protection, eye/face protection, and respiratory protection. The document then lists common PPE compliance errors seen in healthcare workers and potential barriers to PPE use such as availability, perception of infection risk, and interference with patient care. Finally, it poses examining whether quality improvement theories can address issues of PPE non-compliance in hospitals.
This document provides guidance on selecting and using personal protective equipment (PPE) in healthcare settings. It outlines the goals of a PPE program which are to improve safety through appropriate PPE use. It defines PPE and outlines regulations and recommendations from OSHA and CDC on PPE use. The document describes different types of PPE like gloves, gowns, masks, goggles and respirators and provides details on proper donning, use and removal to prevent exposure to infectious materials.
The document discusses principles for the proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE) by public health practitioners. It defines PPE as specialized clothing or equipment worn to protect against dangerous or infectious materials. The document outlines various types of PPE including gowns, masks, respirators, goggles, gloves, and shoe covers. It provides guidance on properly donning and removing PPE to prevent the spread of infection. Maintaining good hand hygiene and properly disposing of used PPE are emphasized.
This document is an 11 question quiz about performing CPR on an adult. It tests knowledge on the proper procedures such as checking for responsiveness, breathing, and pulse before beginning CPR. The questions cover topics like chest compression depth and rate, opening the airway, and the correct pump to breath ratio. The answer key is provided at the end.
The document provides guidance on the selection, use, and reuse of personal protective equipment (PPE) for healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. It outlines the recommended PPE for different levels of precautions, including contact, droplet, and airborne precautions. It describes how to properly don and doff different types of PPE like gowns, masks, respirators, gloves, and eye protection. It also provides tips for optimizing PPE availability and guidelines for rational reuse of equipment to address global shortages.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is a technique of basic & advanced life support for purpose of oxygenating the brain & heart until appropriate definitive medical treatment can restore normal heart & Ventilatory action. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is a life saving technique used to restore life of the people.
The document provides information about intradermal tests. It defines intradermal tests as tests that involve injecting small amounts of diluted antigens into the skin. The document discusses the procedure for performing intradermal tests and interpreting the results. It also describes several specific intradermal tests used to diagnose infectious diseases like tuberculosis, leprosy, fungal infections, and parasitic infections as well as non-infectious conditions.
The document discusses industrial hazards and safety measures. It covers types of industrial hazards like chemical, dust explosion, fire, and electrical hazards. It also discusses accident reduction approaches like the actuarial approach and safety education campaigns. Control measures for different hazards are mentioned, like filters and cyclones for dust explosions, fireproof construction and sprinklers for fire hazards, and personal protective equipment for various exposures. The importance of a safety program and its advantages are highlighted.
This document discusses infection prevention and control in healthcare settings. It provides information on standard precautions like hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment, safe handling of sharps and waste, and cleaning and disinfection. It emphasizes the importance of breaking the chain of infection through these measures to prevent the spread of infections among patients and healthcare workers.
Lesson plan on surgical wound dressingAnvin Thomas
The document outlines a lesson plan for teaching nursing students about surgical wound dressing, including defining surgical wounds, explaining the purpose and principles of wound dressing, demonstrating the nursing process and documentation for wound dressing, and listing the necessary supplies. The plan includes objectives, content, teaching methods, and an evaluation for a lecture on surgical wound dressing covering topics like wound assessment, cleaning, and dressing application and documentation.
oxygen is very very important for the human being. so i tried here to provide best content from the books and easy way to understand, if you like this slide comment it.
Personal protective equipment (PPE) is clothing and equipment designed to protect the wearer from health and safety risks. As a nurse, using proper PPE is important for preventing the transmission of infections. The types of PPE include respiratory protection, eye protection, gloves, gowns, and protective clothing for other parts of the body. When using PPE, it is essential to select the correct type for the task and ensure proper fitting. PPE should be donned before entering a patient's room and removed carefully while following hand hygiene procedures to prevent the spread of contamination.
This document provides guidelines for performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) according to the 2010 American Heart Association guidelines. It outlines the basic steps for performing CPR on adults, children, and infants, including checking for responsiveness, calling for help, checking breathing, beginning chest compressions, providing breaths, using an automated external defibrillator, and relieving choking. The guidelines emphasize compressing at a rate of 100 times per minute and adjusting hand placement and compression depth based on the age of the victim.
Basic life support,Cardi0-pulmonary resuscitationPinky Rathee
It refers to the care provided by healthcare providers and public safety professionals to patients who are experiencing respiratory arrest, cardiac arrest or airway obstruction.
BLS includes psychomotor skills for performing high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), using an automated external defibrillator (AED) and relieving an obstructed airway for patients of all ages.
Cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization are important processes to remove microorganisms. Cleaning removes debris, while disinfection kills pathogens but not bacterial spores. Sterilization kills all microbes including spores. Physical methods like heat and radiation can kill microbes by disrupting proteins and membranes. Chemical disinfectants use different mechanisms like oxidation or interrupting DNA synthesis. The level of disinfection or sterilization required depends on the intended use and potential for infection per the Spaulding Classification. Proper evaluation of disinfectants includes factors affecting efficacy.
This document discusses personal protective equipment (PPE) used in healthcare settings. It defines various types of PPE including gloves, gowns, masks, respirators, goggles, and face shields. It explains that PPE is designed to protect the wearer from injury or spread of infection. The document provides details on proper selection and use of PPE, including effective removal to prevent exposure. It emphasizes that the sequence of donning PPE is important, with gowns then masks/respirators, followed by goggles and gloves. Hand hygiene is emphasized before and after using PPE.
This document contains a multiple choice quiz on personal protective equipment (PPE) used in healthcare settings during the COVID-19 pandemic. It covers topics like the definitions of donning and doffing PPE, what PPE is required in different clinical areas and for different precautions, the components of full PPE, and which types of PPE provide protection from droplets, airborne particles, and surface contamination. The quiz aims to test knowledge of the proper use and selection of PPE to prevent the spread of COVID-19 among healthcare workers.
This document provides information on safe injection practices for nurses. It discusses ensuring safety for patients, providers, and the community. Key aspects of safe injection include using sterile syringes and needles, proper disposal of used equipment, and immunizing healthcare workers against diseases like hepatitis B. The document also reviews best practices for different types of injections including intradermal, subcutaneous, and intramuscular injections. It describes appropriate needle sizes, injection sites on the body, and maximum volumes for different age groups. The goal is to educate nurses on techniques that prevent disease transmission and protect all parties involved in injection procedures.
CPR involves chest compressions and rescue breathing to manually support circulation and breathing when the heart stops pumping blood. It can provide a small amount of blood flow to the heart and brain until normal heart function resumes. CPR is performed by pushing hard and fast on the chest at a rate of 100 compressions per minute, alternating with rescue breaths. Drugs like epinephrine may also be administered during CPR to help restart the heart. The goal of CPR is to try to restore spontaneous circulation until advanced life support can take over.
The document discusses personal protective equipment (PPE) used in medical settings. It defines what PPE is and its purpose in protecting health by preventing the spread of infections. It then provides details on the common types of PPE - gloves, goggles, gowns, masks, shoe covers, and face shields. For each type of PPE, it outlines the materials used for manufacturing, relevant standards and specifications, and manufacturing processes. The document aims to educate on PPE for medical professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic.
This presentation discusses surgical gowns. Surgical gowns are worn by medical professionals during surgical procedures to prevent the transfer of microorganisms and protect both patients and staff. They must provide a barrier to microbes while also being resistant to liquids, abrasion, and tearing. Surgical gowns play a crucial role in maintaining asepsis in the operating room by reducing bacteria transfer from skin to air. Their purpose is to prevent bacteria from entering wounds and protect staff from bodily fluids. The presentation covers the importance of surgical gowns, types of materials used including both reusable and single-use options, and objectives to reduce infection risks.
This document provides an overview of respiratory emergencies for emergency medical responders. It describes the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system and signs of adequate versus inadequate breathing. It then details the primary, secondary, and reassessment phases for responding to a respiratory emergency including assessing the scene, airway, breathing, circulation, and vital signs. Specific conditions are covered such as upper airway infections, pulmonary edema, COPD, asthma, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, airway obstruction, pulmonary embolism, and hyperventilation. For each, the document outlines management steps like positioning, oxygen administration, ventilation support, and prompt transport.
The document defines standards and safety, and describes various types of safety including normative, substantive, and perceived safety. It then lists common safety measures such as root cause analysis, visual inspections, safety factors, training, and regulations. Specific standard safety measures for hospitals are also outlined, including physical environment, biomedical waste management, and standard precautions such as hand hygiene and personal protective equipment.
2015 ISOSWO APWA Spring Conference: Review of PPEisoswo
This document discusses personal protective equipment (PPE) used in solid waste facilities. It covers eye, hearing, head, hand, foot, and high visibility PPE. For each type, it provides the relevant OSHA standards and ANSI standards that apply. It discusses selecting the proper PPE based on a hazard assessment and outlines specific PPE that may be required for tasks like equipment operation, household hazardous waste handling, and working in wet conditions. The presentation emphasizes properly using and maintaining PPE to protect workers from injuries.
The document provides guidance on the selection, use, and reuse of personal protective equipment (PPE) for healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. It outlines the recommended PPE for different levels of precautions, including contact, droplet, and airborne precautions. It describes how to properly don and doff different types of PPE like gowns, masks, respirators, gloves, and eye protection. It also provides tips for optimizing PPE availability and guidelines for rational reuse of equipment to address global shortages.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is a technique of basic & advanced life support for purpose of oxygenating the brain & heart until appropriate definitive medical treatment can restore normal heart & Ventilatory action. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is a life saving technique used to restore life of the people.
The document provides information about intradermal tests. It defines intradermal tests as tests that involve injecting small amounts of diluted antigens into the skin. The document discusses the procedure for performing intradermal tests and interpreting the results. It also describes several specific intradermal tests used to diagnose infectious diseases like tuberculosis, leprosy, fungal infections, and parasitic infections as well as non-infectious conditions.
The document discusses industrial hazards and safety measures. It covers types of industrial hazards like chemical, dust explosion, fire, and electrical hazards. It also discusses accident reduction approaches like the actuarial approach and safety education campaigns. Control measures for different hazards are mentioned, like filters and cyclones for dust explosions, fireproof construction and sprinklers for fire hazards, and personal protective equipment for various exposures. The importance of a safety program and its advantages are highlighted.
This document discusses infection prevention and control in healthcare settings. It provides information on standard precautions like hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment, safe handling of sharps and waste, and cleaning and disinfection. It emphasizes the importance of breaking the chain of infection through these measures to prevent the spread of infections among patients and healthcare workers.
Lesson plan on surgical wound dressingAnvin Thomas
The document outlines a lesson plan for teaching nursing students about surgical wound dressing, including defining surgical wounds, explaining the purpose and principles of wound dressing, demonstrating the nursing process and documentation for wound dressing, and listing the necessary supplies. The plan includes objectives, content, teaching methods, and an evaluation for a lecture on surgical wound dressing covering topics like wound assessment, cleaning, and dressing application and documentation.
oxygen is very very important for the human being. so i tried here to provide best content from the books and easy way to understand, if you like this slide comment it.
Personal protective equipment (PPE) is clothing and equipment designed to protect the wearer from health and safety risks. As a nurse, using proper PPE is important for preventing the transmission of infections. The types of PPE include respiratory protection, eye protection, gloves, gowns, and protective clothing for other parts of the body. When using PPE, it is essential to select the correct type for the task and ensure proper fitting. PPE should be donned before entering a patient's room and removed carefully while following hand hygiene procedures to prevent the spread of contamination.
This document provides guidelines for performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) according to the 2010 American Heart Association guidelines. It outlines the basic steps for performing CPR on adults, children, and infants, including checking for responsiveness, calling for help, checking breathing, beginning chest compressions, providing breaths, using an automated external defibrillator, and relieving choking. The guidelines emphasize compressing at a rate of 100 times per minute and adjusting hand placement and compression depth based on the age of the victim.
Basic life support,Cardi0-pulmonary resuscitationPinky Rathee
It refers to the care provided by healthcare providers and public safety professionals to patients who are experiencing respiratory arrest, cardiac arrest or airway obstruction.
BLS includes psychomotor skills for performing high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), using an automated external defibrillator (AED) and relieving an obstructed airway for patients of all ages.
Cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization are important processes to remove microorganisms. Cleaning removes debris, while disinfection kills pathogens but not bacterial spores. Sterilization kills all microbes including spores. Physical methods like heat and radiation can kill microbes by disrupting proteins and membranes. Chemical disinfectants use different mechanisms like oxidation or interrupting DNA synthesis. The level of disinfection or sterilization required depends on the intended use and potential for infection per the Spaulding Classification. Proper evaluation of disinfectants includes factors affecting efficacy.
This document discusses personal protective equipment (PPE) used in healthcare settings. It defines various types of PPE including gloves, gowns, masks, respirators, goggles, and face shields. It explains that PPE is designed to protect the wearer from injury or spread of infection. The document provides details on proper selection and use of PPE, including effective removal to prevent exposure. It emphasizes that the sequence of donning PPE is important, with gowns then masks/respirators, followed by goggles and gloves. Hand hygiene is emphasized before and after using PPE.
This document contains a multiple choice quiz on personal protective equipment (PPE) used in healthcare settings during the COVID-19 pandemic. It covers topics like the definitions of donning and doffing PPE, what PPE is required in different clinical areas and for different precautions, the components of full PPE, and which types of PPE provide protection from droplets, airborne particles, and surface contamination. The quiz aims to test knowledge of the proper use and selection of PPE to prevent the spread of COVID-19 among healthcare workers.
This document provides information on safe injection practices for nurses. It discusses ensuring safety for patients, providers, and the community. Key aspects of safe injection include using sterile syringes and needles, proper disposal of used equipment, and immunizing healthcare workers against diseases like hepatitis B. The document also reviews best practices for different types of injections including intradermal, subcutaneous, and intramuscular injections. It describes appropriate needle sizes, injection sites on the body, and maximum volumes for different age groups. The goal is to educate nurses on techniques that prevent disease transmission and protect all parties involved in injection procedures.
CPR involves chest compressions and rescue breathing to manually support circulation and breathing when the heart stops pumping blood. It can provide a small amount of blood flow to the heart and brain until normal heart function resumes. CPR is performed by pushing hard and fast on the chest at a rate of 100 compressions per minute, alternating with rescue breaths. Drugs like epinephrine may also be administered during CPR to help restart the heart. The goal of CPR is to try to restore spontaneous circulation until advanced life support can take over.
The document discusses personal protective equipment (PPE) used in medical settings. It defines what PPE is and its purpose in protecting health by preventing the spread of infections. It then provides details on the common types of PPE - gloves, goggles, gowns, masks, shoe covers, and face shields. For each type of PPE, it outlines the materials used for manufacturing, relevant standards and specifications, and manufacturing processes. The document aims to educate on PPE for medical professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic.
This presentation discusses surgical gowns. Surgical gowns are worn by medical professionals during surgical procedures to prevent the transfer of microorganisms and protect both patients and staff. They must provide a barrier to microbes while also being resistant to liquids, abrasion, and tearing. Surgical gowns play a crucial role in maintaining asepsis in the operating room by reducing bacteria transfer from skin to air. Their purpose is to prevent bacteria from entering wounds and protect staff from bodily fluids. The presentation covers the importance of surgical gowns, types of materials used including both reusable and single-use options, and objectives to reduce infection risks.
This document provides an overview of respiratory emergencies for emergency medical responders. It describes the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system and signs of adequate versus inadequate breathing. It then details the primary, secondary, and reassessment phases for responding to a respiratory emergency including assessing the scene, airway, breathing, circulation, and vital signs. Specific conditions are covered such as upper airway infections, pulmonary edema, COPD, asthma, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, airway obstruction, pulmonary embolism, and hyperventilation. For each, the document outlines management steps like positioning, oxygen administration, ventilation support, and prompt transport.
The document defines standards and safety, and describes various types of safety including normative, substantive, and perceived safety. It then lists common safety measures such as root cause analysis, visual inspections, safety factors, training, and regulations. Specific standard safety measures for hospitals are also outlined, including physical environment, biomedical waste management, and standard precautions such as hand hygiene and personal protective equipment.
2015 ISOSWO APWA Spring Conference: Review of PPEisoswo
This document discusses personal protective equipment (PPE) used in solid waste facilities. It covers eye, hearing, head, hand, foot, and high visibility PPE. For each type, it provides the relevant OSHA standards and ANSI standards that apply. It discusses selecting the proper PPE based on a hazard assessment and outlines specific PPE that may be required for tasks like equipment operation, household hazardous waste handling, and working in wet conditions. The presentation emphasizes properly using and maintaining PPE to protect workers from injuries.
RONCO | Intro to Safety and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)Ronco Canada
This document discusses personal protective equipment (PPE) and the importance of proper training. It notes that according to statistics, millions of injuries occur in the workplace every year and many could be prevented by proper use of PPE. However, surveys show that workers often fail to wear PPE correctly or at all due to factors like discomfort, lack of awareness of hazards, and lack of training. Proper PPE selection, training workers on hazards and PPE limitations, and ensuring they understand usage protocols are essential for compliance. OSHA requires training programs cover when PPE is necessary and how to use it properly. Regular retraining is also important to ensure safe PPE use.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to protect the body against contact with known or anticipated chemical hazards has been divided into four levels.
These levels have been established and agreed upon by the US EPA, US Coast Guard, OSHA, DOT, NIOSH, and other agencies.
deals with biosafety in medical labs. universal safety precautions included. Includes updated 8 categories and colour coding for BMW management. Being a budding microbiologist, kept it focused on microbiology lab
This document discusses biosafety levels from BSL-1 to BSL-4. It provides a brief history of biosafety, noting the first biosafety conference in 1955 and later CDC specification of four biosafety levels. Each biosafety level is defined based on the pathogen risk and safety precautions required. BSL-1 involves well-characterized agents and basic precautions. BSL-2 adds further controls for agents associated with human disease. BSL-3 is for dangerous indigenous agents and requires additional engineering and personal protective controls. The highest level, BSL-4, applies to dangerous exotic agents and requires the maximum containment measures.
This document provides an overview of personal protective equipment (PPE) training requirements. It states that PPE training is mandated by OSHA regulations and teaches workers when PPE is necessary, how to properly use it, and its limitations. The training is based on hazard assessments conducted by supervisors to determine job-specific PPE needs. Common types of PPE covered include equipment for the head, eyes, face, hands, feet, body, hearing, and respiratory protection. Proper use, care, maintenance and cleaning of PPE is also outlined.
Personal protective equipment, or PPE, refers to a wide variety of safety gear designed to minimize the risk of injury to the wearer's body. PPE is used to protect different parts of the body, including the head with hard hats and welding helmets, respiratory protection with masks and respirators, hearing protection with earplugs and earmuffs, and eye protection with safety glasses and goggles. Examples of hand protection PPE are also listed.
This document provides an overview of personal protective equipment (PPE) including what it is, why it is important, common types of PPE, and OSHA standards. PPE is equipment used to protect workers from health and safety hazards like impacts, chemicals, heat, and infections. Employers must provide appropriate PPE and training. Common types of PPE include eye protection, hearing protection, respiratory protection, head protection, foot protection, and body protection. OSHA requires hazard assessments, provision of proper PPE, and training on PPE use, care, and limitations.
A powerpoint presentation designed to cover the basics of Personal Protective Equipment including gloves, respiratory, earplugs, etc... Can be used in training employees. Made available free from www.nationalsafetyinc.com
From health care workers to emergency responders in the event of a chemical or biological incident, HAZMAT suits could mean the difference between life and death. Here are shared an extensive description of the many hazmat suit levels, hazmat suit classes, and the situations in which these suits are used. For more details, check now!
Protective clothing must be worn whenever the wearer faces potential hazards arising from chemical exposure.
Some examples include :
Emergency response,
Chemical manufacturing and process industries,
Hazardous waste site clean up and disposal,
Asbestos removal and other particulate operations,
Agricultural application of pesticides.
This document provides information on personal protective equipment (PPE) for chemical emergencies. It discusses the need for PPE, levels of protection from level A to D, types of protective equipment including respiratory, eye/face, skin, and noise protection. It also covers elements of a PPE management program including training, limitations of PPE, and medical management considerations like clearance levels and monitoring for PPE use. Basic decontamination procedures are outlined for victims and first responders, as well as considerations for decontaminating infants and children. Wound management guidance is also provided for nerve agent exposure.
This safety data sheet provides information on benzoic acid. It lists benzoic acid as causing skin irritation, serious eye damage, and damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure. It provides handling, storage, exposure control, and disposal recommendations including using protective equipment and storing in a cool, dry, well ventilated area away from ignition sources.
This document discusses personal protective equipment (PPE) including respiratory and non-respiratory protective gear. It describes the different types of respiratory PPE such as air-purifying respirators, supplied air respirators, and self-contained breathing apparatus. It also discusses non-respiratory PPE for eye, head, foot, hand, body, and hearing protection. The document provides guidelines for proper PPE use, limitations, selection criteria, and factors that can cause workers to not use required protective equipment.
Brake Fluids DOT 3 (Material Safety Data Sheet)Eko Kiswanto
This 6-page safety data sheet provides information on LIQTRO BRAKE FLUID DOT 3. It is a mixture of glycol and glycol ether, containing corrosion and oxidation inhibitors. It presents low human and environmental hazards. Personal protective equipment should be worn when handling. The product is stable and not classified as flammable, though it will burn. It is practically non-toxic though repeated skin contact should be avoided. Proper disposal involves recovery or incineration.
This document discusses protective textiles used in hazardous environments. It describes four levels (A, B, C, D) of protective clothing based on the degree of protection required. Level A provides the highest level of protection for the skin, eyes and respiratory system. The document also discusses different types of protective materials like air-permeable, semipermeable and impermeable materials. It provides examples of protective clothing used in defense like bulletproof jackets and NBC suits. Various designs of protective clothing like one-piece coveralls and two-piece garments are also mentioned.
Product Identifier: PT Flex D60 Casting Resin Part A
Product Code(s): PTFLEXD60A
Use: Component for Polyurethane Casting Resin. For
Industrial/Professional use only. Not for spray
application.
Manufacturer: Polytek Development Corp.
55 Hilton St., Easton, PA 18042
Phone Number: 610-559-8620 (9 a.m. to 5 p.m. EST)
Emergency Phone: CHEMTREC 800-424-9300 or
+1 (703) 527-3887
E-mail: sds@polytek.com
Product Identifier: PT Flex D60 Casting Resin Part A
Product Code(s): PTFLEXD60A
Use: Component for Polyurethane Casting Resin. For
Industrial/Professional use only. Not for spray
application.
Manufacturer: Polytek Development Corp.
55 Hilton St., Easton, PA 18042
Phone Number: 610-559-8620 (9 a.m. to 5 p.m. EST)
Emergency Phone: CHEMTREC 800-424-9300 or
+1 (703) 527-3887
E-mail: sds@polytek.com
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for Dermasome-Res (containing alcohol). Proliposome formulation manufactured by Encapsula NanoSciences that is used specifically in the cosmetic industry. The brand name is Dermasome-Res. The Dermasome-Res formulation is composed of unsaturated phospholipids in the presence of ethanol. The proliposome formulation forms liposomes containing resveratrol upon dilution with water. During the dilution process water soluble active ingredients can be encapsulated inside the liposomes or liposoluble active ingredients can be incorporated into the lipid bilayers.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for Dermasome-Ubq (containing alcohol). Proliposome formulation manufactured by Encapsula NanoSciences that is used specifically in the cosmetic industry. The brand name is Dermasome-Ubq. The Dermasome-Ubq formulation is composed of unsaturated phospholipids in the presence of ethanol. The proliposome formulation forms liposomes containing CoQ10 upon dilution with water. During the dilution process water soluble active ingredients can be encapsulated inside the liposomes or liposoluble active ingredients can be incorporated into the lipid bilayers.
This safety data sheet provides information on calcium lignosulfonate. It is a yellow or brown powder used as a general chemical. The document outlines handling, storage, exposure, and safety recommendations including wearing overalls, safety glasses, gloves, and a dust mask when handling. Calcium lignosulfonate is not classified as hazardous or dangerous for transport.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for Dermasome-Chol (containing alcohol). Proliposome formulation manufactured by Encapsula NanoSciences that is used specifically in the cosmetic industry. The brand name is Dermasome-Chol. The Dermasome-Chol formulation is composed of unsaturated phospholipids in the presence of ethanol. The proliposome formulation forms liposomes containing cholesterol upon dilution with water. During the dilution process water soluble active ingredients can be encapsulated inside the liposomes or liposoluble active ingredients can be incorporated into the lipid bilayers.
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Our backs are like superheroes, holding us up and helping us move around. But sometimes, even superheroes can get hurt. That’s where slip discs come in.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
One health condition that is becoming more common day by day is diabetes.
According to research conducted by the National Family Health Survey of India, diabetic cases show a projection which might increase to 10.4% by 2030.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
Muscles of Mastication by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Ppe
1. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
CONDITIONS FOR PROTECTION
Level A (Highest)
Level B
Level C
Level D (Lowest)
Levels and Areas of Protection
REEVALUATING LEVELS OF PROTECTION
Reasons to Upgrade to a Higher Level of Protection
Reasons to Downgrade to a Lower Level
LEVELS OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
Level A (Highest)
Level B
Level C
Level D (Lowest)
ELEMENTS OF PPE
Head Protection
Eye Protection
Ear Protection
Foot Protection
Hand Protection
Body Protection
Drowning Protection
Breathing Protection
Escape Protection
PPE PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
Chemical Resistance
Degradation
Effectiveness of Protective Materials Against Chemical Degradation
Penetrability
Permeability
Decontamination
SUMMARY OF POLICY ON PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
See also:
Emergency Response Site Safety Plan (4-2-9)
Section 7C – Specific Hazard Attachments
Section 7D – RI Dem Respirator Policy And Program
CONDITIONS FOR PROTECTION
While ER Staff will not usually work under worst-case conditions, they might be
exposed to hazards as a normal part of their job. Their personnel protective clothing and
equipment (PPE) should be based on the potential risk of exposure to these materials.
ER Staff must be trained to work under these worst-case as well as less severe
conditions.
Personal Protective Equipment RI DEM ERP 7B-1, p. 1
2. In general, Level A involves worst-case conditions and maximum risk. The
environment has the potential to be immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH).
Pressure-demand self- contained breathing apparatus and totally encapsulated chemical
resistant suits are required. Level D involves emergency escape respiratory protection
and minimum eye and skin protection.
Each member of the ER Staff will receive the safety equipment and protective
clothing required for the particular levels of protection to which he/she has been trained.
The Designated On-Scene Safety Officer (DOSSO) or his/her designee will assure that
adequate safety equipment for each employee is available. No employee may
participate in a field activity without adequate equipment or protective clothing.
The more specific types of hazards for which Levels A, B, C and D protection are
appropriate are:
Level A protection should be used when:
The hazardous substance has been identified and requires the highest level of
protection for skin, eyes, and the respiratory system based on
o the measured (or potential for) high concentration of atmospheric vapors,
gases or particulates; or
o the site operations and work functions involve a high potential for splash,
immersion, or exposure to unexpected vapors, gases, or particulates of
materials that are harmful to skin or capable of being absorbed through
the skin; or
Substances with a high degree of hazard to the skin are known or suspected to
be present, and skin contact is possible; or
Operations are being conducted in confined, poorly ventilated areas and the
absence of conditions requiring Level A have not yet been determined.
Level B protection should be used when:
The type and atmospheric concentration of substance are unknown or have
been identified and require a high level of respiratory protection, but less skin
protection; and
The atmosphere contains less than 19.5 percent oxygen; or
The presence of incompletely identified vapors or gases is indicated by a
direct-reading organic vapor detection instrument, but vapors and gases are
not suspected of containing high levels of chemicals harmful to skin or
capable of being absorbed through the skin.
Note: This level entails atmospheres with IDLH concentrations of specific
substances that present severe inhalation hazards and that do not represent a
severe skin hazard; or that do not meet criteria for use of air purifying respirators.
Level C protection should be used when:
The atmospheric contaminants, liquid splashes, or other direct contact will not
adversely affect or be absorbed through any exposed skin; or
The types of air contaminants have been identified, concentrations
measured, and an air purifying respirator is available that can remove the
contaminants; or
All criteria for the use of air-purifying respirators are met.
Level D protection should be used when:
The atmosphere contains no known or suspected hazard; and
Personal Protective Equipment RI DEM ERP 7B-1, p. 2
3. Work functions preclude splashes, immersion or the potential for unexpected
inhalation of or the potential for unexpected inhalation of or contact with
hazardous levels of any chemicals.
Areas of Level A Level B Level C Level D
Protection
Respiratory Maximum Maximum Moderate Minimum
Skin Maximum Very High Moderate Minimum
Eye Maximum Very High Moderate Minimum
REEVALUATING LEVELS OF PROTECTION
The type of environment and the overall level of protection should be reevaluated
periodically as the amount of information about the site increases and as workers are
required to perform different tasks.
Reasons to Upgrade to a Higher Level (D is lowest, A is highest)
Known or suspected presence of dermal hazards
Occurrence or likely occurrence of gas or vapor emission
Change in work task that will increase contact or potential contact with
hazardous materials
Request of the individual performing the task
Reasons to Downgrade to a Lower Level:
New information indicating that the situation is less hazardous than was
originally thought
Change in site conditions that decreases the hazard
Change in work task that will reduce contact with hazardous materials
LEVELS OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
Protective equipment to protect the body against contact with known or anticipated
chemical hazards has been divided into four categories, with the following required and
optional (*) components.
Level A Protection (Highest)
Level A protection should be worn when the highest level of respiratory, skin, eye and
mucous membrane protection is needed. The following constitute Level A equipment
that should be used as appropriate:
Positive-pressure, full-face-piece, self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or
positive-pressure, supplied-air respirator that has been approved by the National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), with escape SCBA.
Fully encapsulating chemical protective suit.
Gloves, inner, chemical-resistant.
Gloves, outer, chemical-resistant.
Chemical-resistant boots with steel toe and shank (depending on suit
construction, worn over or under suit boot.)
Disposable protective suit, gloves and boots (depending on suit construction)
over totally-encapsulating suit. *
Underwear, cotton, long-john type. *
Hard hat (under suit) .*
Coveralls (under suit). *
Two-way radio communications (intrinsically safe/non-sparking). *
Personal Protective Equipment RI DEM ERP 7B-1, p. 3
4. Level B Protection
Level B protection should be selected when the highest level of respiratory protection is
needed, but a lesser level of skin and eye protection. Level B protection is the minimum
level recommended on initial site entries until the hazards have been further identified
and defined by monitoring, sampling, and other reliable methods of analysis, and
equipment corresponding with those findings utilized. The following constitute Level B
equipment that should be used as appropriate:
Positive-pressure, full-face-piece, self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA); or
positive-pressure, supplied-air respirator (NIOSH approved).with escape SCBA.
Chemical-resistant clothing (overalls and long-sleeved jacket, coveralls, hooded
two-piece chemical splash suit, disposable chemical-resistant coveralls.)
Gloves, outer, chemical-resistant.
Gloves, inner, chemical-resistant.
Chemical-resistant boots with steel toe and shank.
Coveralls (under splash suit). *
Chemical-resistant (disposable) boot covers. *
Two-way radio communications (intrinsically safe). *
Hard hat. *
Faceshield.*
Level C Protection
Level C protection should be selected when the type of airborne substance is known,
concentration measured, criteria for using air-purifying respirators met, and skin and eye
exposure is unlikely. Periodic monitoring of the air must be performed. The following
constitute Level C equipment that should be used as appropriate:
Full-face or half-mask, air-purifying respirator (NIOSH approved).
Chemical-resistant clothing (one piece coverall, hooded two piece chemical
splash suit, chemical resistant hood and apron, disposable chemical-resistant
coveralls.)
Gloves, outer, chemical-resistant.
Gloves, inner, chemical-resistant.
Chemical-resistant boots with steel toe and shank.
Chemical-resistant, disposable boot covers. *
Cloth coveralls (inside chemical-protective clothing). *
Two-way radio communications (intrinsically safe). *
Hard hat. *
Escape mask. *
Faceshield. *
Level D Protection (Lowest)
Level D is primarily a work uniform, affording minimal protection, used for nuisance
contamination only. It requires only coveralls and safety shoes/boots. Other PPE is
based upon the situation (types of gloves, etc.) Level D protection should not be worn
on any site where respiratory or skin hazards exist. The following constitute Level D
equipment that should be used, as appropriate
Coveralls.
Gloves.
Chemical-resistant boots or shoes with steel toe and shank.
Disposable, chemical-resistant boot covers.
Safety glasses or chemical splash goggles.
Hard hat.
Personal Protective Equipment RI DEM ERP 7B-1, p. 4
5. Escape mask.
Faceshield.
Note: Combinations of personal protective equipment other than those described for
Levels A, B, C and D protection may be more appropriate and may be used to provide
the proper level of protection in specific situations.
ELEMENTS OF PPE
The selection of appropriate protective gear is based on the hazards anticipated or
recognized. Complete protection calls for assembling a set of gear including respirator,
hardhat, safety glasses or faceshield (preferably both), body covering (coveralls, pants
and jacket), gloves and safety boots/shoes (steel toe and shank). Omitting one item
may compromise the individual's safety. Some pieces of protective equipment, such as
hardhats and boots, have specific standards for manufacture and only those items
meeting these standards should be used. However, there are no such standards for
chemical protective clothing. Selections must be based upon judgment of the DOSSO.
Head Protection
The hardhat, a basic piece of safety equipment used in any work
operations, must meet ANSI Z89.1 1986 specifications for protection.
Manufacturers have adapted hardhats so that ear protection and faceshields may
be easily attached. Hardhats are adjustable so a liner can be worn during cold
weather. A chin strap is advantageous when work involves bending and
ducking. It also helps secure the hardhat to the head when full-face masks are
worn. Hard hats should be worn whenever physical hazards exist or where they
are required by the site plan governing the area in which ER Staff are working.
Faceshields that attach to hardhats provide added protection. A
combination that leaves no gap between the shield and the brim of the cap is
best because it prevents overhead splashes from running down inside the
faceshield. The faceshield must meet ANSI Z87.1-1989 specifications.
Eye Protection
Safety glasses must also meet ANSI Z87.1-1989. They should be
standard safety gear when the respiratory protection is a half-face mask with no
faceshield. Both safety glasses/goggles and a faceshield are advisable as long
as they do not impair visibility. Safety glasses should be of the type that
incorporates faceshields.
Safety glasses should be worn whenever physical hazards exist and/or
where they are required by the site plan governing the area in which ER Staff are
working. Safety glasses should be worn where there is a chance of flying objects
or where splash hazards exist. The DEM will provide plain or prescription safety
glasses depending on the needs of the individual. Contact lenses should not be
worn in areas in which chemical hazards exist. In activities (such as grinding)
where corrosive chemicals or flying objects are expected to be encountered,
faceshields and goggles should be worn in combination. This combination can
provide excellent protection for the eyes as well as the whole face.
Personal Protective Equipment RI DEM ERP 7B-1, p. 5
6. Ear Protection
Earplugs or muffs should be issued when noise may be a problem, such
as around heavy machinery and impact tools. Hearing protection should be used
where sound levels are greater than or equal to 85 dBA, as is likely within 15 feet
of operating heavy equipment or generators. Earmuffs are especially
recommended for persons working in areas where sound levels exceed 105 dBA
(e.g., near high-volume pumps, skid units, pile drivers, jack hammers, impact
tools, grinders, saws).
Foot Protection
Footwear worn during site activities (including leather work boots and
rubber boots) must meet the specifications of ANSI Z41-1991. The material used
to make the boots is not subject to any standards. Protection against liquid
hazardous chemicals requires a boot of neoprene, PVC, butyl rubber, or some
other chemical resistant material. (See “Effectiveness of Protective Materials
Against Chemical Degradation” below.) Boots are available in two styles:
pullover and shoeboot. Pullovers may be inexpensive enough to be considered
disposable; otherwise they must be completely decontaminated. With chemical
resistant boots, the pant leg should be outside and over the boots to prevent
liquids from entering. All work boots should be steel toed. Steel shanks should
be included for those employees who are expected to climb ladders or travel over
sharp protruding objects. Disposable boot covers should be worn at sites where
hazardous materials may contaminate footwear. Boot covers can protect work
boots or rubber boots from contamination. Boot covers tend to be thin and
puncture easily, so they should not be relied upon as the only source of
protection. Rubber boots with steel toes should be worn at all sites where
hazardous materials may contaminate the apparel. Boots should be
decontaminated before they are returned to the office for storage, or disposed of
on site.
Hand Protection
The hands are as susceptible to contamination as the feet. Gloves must
resist puncturing and tearing as well as provide the necessary chemical
resistance.
Disposable gloves should be worn while collecting samples to protect
both the employee and the sample from contamination. Wearing two pairs are
recommended. A disposable under glove should be worn whenever a thick
protective over glove is required.
An over glove should be worn when physical contact with toxic material
is anticipated. The over glove should be made of a material that is impermeable
to the chemicals at the site.
Leather or heavy cotton over gloves can be used as a work glove over
a protective glove. These gloves provide a better holding surface while working
but do not protect the worker from chemical exposure. If they become
contaminated, they should be discarded because leather and cotton are difficult
to decontaminate.
Jacket cuffs should be worn over glove cuffs to prevent any liquid from
spilling into the gloves. If hands are elevated above the head during work, the
gloves should be sealed with tape to the coveralls or splashsuit.
Personal Protective Equipment RI DEM ERP 7B-1, p. 6
7. When selecting gloves consider thickness and cuff length. The thicker
and longer the glove the greater the protection. However, the material should not
be so thick that it interferes with the necessary dexterity.
Two pair of gloves should also be considered for extra protection of the
hands if the outer glove is torn or permeated. A pair of inner gloves also adds
an extra layer of protection for the hands during the removal of outer gloves and
other chemically protective items. (See “Effectiveness of Protective Materials
Against Chemical Degradation” below)
Body Protection
Clothing to protect the body against hazardous liquids, gases, or vapors
is available in a variety of styles and materials.
If the hazard present is known to be minor or simply a nuisance, minimal
protection is warranted. This may be in the form of garments of Tyvek which are
disposable or Nomex which are durable. Both are available as coveralls
suitable for field use. As the hazards to the body increase, so does the level of
protection needed. A splash suit made of PVC is suitable for a liquid such as an
acid or base or when there will be minimal contact with organic materials. Some
are inexpensive enough to be disposable. If the material is more toxic, then
more protection must be utilized. Splash suits similar in design to the PVC
splash suits are good barriers against toxic hazards. These are made of
neoprene and butyl rubber.
Toxic vapor/gases require the most complete protection, the best being
fully encapsulating suits. The suit must not allow any penetration or permeation.
Zippers must be properly sealed and seams properly connected and sealed to
protect against vapors. Fully encapsulating suits also require the basic safety
items such as safety boots and hardhat, along with a source of breathing air.
The range of ER attire and their functions include:
• DEM windbreaker. It provides partial protection against particulate
contaminant exposures and identifies the person as a DEM employee.
It provides poor, if any, protection against hazardous liquids.
• Orange safety vest. It is to be used in situations where visibility is
necessary
• Cloth coveralls. They have an open weave that allows particles,
liquids and vapors to pass through easily. Cloth coveralls are useful
only to protect street clothes from getting soiled and are not to be
used as protection against exposure to hazardous material.
• Chemical splash suits. They can be selected according to the
hazard. The Designated On-Scene Safety Officer (DOSSO) or DEM
ER Administrator will assist in the selection, if there is a need for
these suits.
• Tyvek suits. They offer protection against particulate contaminants
and other nuisances. They provide very limited protection against
liquids.
• Saranex suits. They protect against some types of liquid hazards.
They are made of very good general-purpose disposable material
(Tyvek wrapped with Saran).
Personal Protective Equipment RI DEM ERP 7B-1, p. 7
8. • Snake leggings are available upon request for any ER Staff who
must perform field investigations in rural areas where biting pests are
expected.
Note that wearing protective clothing creates some problems, the main
one being that the body is shielded from normal circulation of air. Perspiration
does not evaporate, thus eliminating the body's main mechanism for cooling. A
cool towel on the back of the neck will effectively cause the hypothalamus (the
body's thermostat) to reduce the body's temperature immediately by 2-4 degrees
in a heat stress situation. Otherwise, the body is prone to heat stress, including
heat stroke, which can be fatal. Heat related problems are very common when
temperature rises above 75 degrees F. Work schedules for persons wearing
fully encapsulating clothing must be closely and conservatively regulated lest
heat stress becomes more of a threat than the chemical hazard itself.
The best way to combat heat stress is to allow the body to cool normally.
The most efficient body cooling process is by evaporation. While wearing
protective clothing that has no ventilation people perspire profusely. If the
perspiration remains in contact with the skin, it has a better chance of
evaporating and cooling the body surface. If the perspiration is allowed to run off
the body quickly, less evaporation occurs. This happens when shorts are worn
under a fully encapsulating suit.
Suit material can become very hot and cause severe burns if it contacts
the wearer's bare skin. Long cotton underwear is a good solution to this problem.
It clings to the body when soaked with perspiration, thus allowing the greatest
amount of cooling by evaporation and also protects the body from burns caused
by the suit itself.
During extended periods of work in fully encapsulating suits, some sort of
"cooling" must be provided to the wearer. The best method is to schedule
frequent rest periods. If this is not adequate, a cooling device should be
employed. Effective cooling units are available for use with supplied-air units. A
vortex tube separates the air into cool and warm components, releasing the
warm air outside the suit. When self-contained air is used for breathing, the
cooling device must also be self-contained. For example, vests have been
designed to carry ice packs. There are other commercial devices available to
combat heat generated by fully encapsulating suits.
Drowning Protection
A personal flotation device (PFD) is to be worn whenever the employee
travels by vessel or must work near water and there is a threat of drowning.
Breathing Protection
An air-purifying respirator is a personal protective device used to control
airborne contaminants that cannot be reduced to safe levels by engineering
control. It filters airborne contaminants by the use of various filters. An
emergency escape pack should be used in conjunction with an air-purifying
respirator. SEE “RESPIRATOR PLAN”
Personal Protective Equipment RI DEM ERP 7B-1, p. 8
9. Escape Protection
An emergency escape pack is a personal protective device carried
when entering an area in Level C or D. The escape pack is to be used in an
emergency situation where there is an atmospheric change that may cause an
inhalation hazard. Emergency escape packs are not required if a SCBA is
available or being used. A SCBA supplies air to the wearer and provides the
greatest respiratory protection. Situations that require SCBAs are unknown
atmospheres, toxic gas clouds, and confined spaces. A SCBA is provided to any
DEM ER Staff who has the training and desire to use it. Refer to the DEM ER
Respirator Plan for further information.
PPE PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
The selection of appropriate protective gear is based on the hazards anticipated or
recognized. Protective clothing protects primarily because of the material from which it
is made. In selecting the protective material, the following qualities should be
considered:
Chemical resistance, which is the most important. When clothing contacts a
hazardous material, it must maintain its structural integrity and protective
qualities
Strength, which is based on resistance to tears, punctures, and abrasions, as
well as tensile strength.
Flexibility, which is ease of movement that the clothing affords. Flexibility is
especially important in glove materials.
Thermal limits, which affect the ability of clothing to maintain its protective
capacity in temperature extremes. Thermal limits also affect mobility in cold
weather and transfer of heat to the wearer in hot weather.
Cleanability, which is difficult and expensive if protective clothing is not
cleanable. Some materials are nearly impossible to clean adequately under any
circumstances. Disposable clothing is sometimes used.
Lifespan, which is the ability to resist aging, especially in severe conditions over
time. This should be balanced against the initial cost of the garment.
In applying these criteria, the following considerations are recommended:
Chemical Resistance
Protective material must be able to resist degradation, penetration, and
permeation by the contaminant. Any of these actions may result upon contact,
depending on factors such as concentration and contact time.
Degradation
Degradation is the result of a chemical reaction between the contaminant
and the protective material. Damage to the material may be slight or as severe
as complete deterioration. The reaction may cause the material to shrink or
swell, become brittle or very soft, or completely change its chemical and physical
structure. Changes such as these may enhance or restrict permeation or allow
penetration by the contaminant.
Personal Protective Equipment RI DEM ERP 7B-1, p. 9
10. Tables are available indicating relative effectiveness of various protective
materials against generic classes of chemicals (e.g., see Chart below). Most
tables only reflect ability to resist degradation. A protective material may resist
degradation by a contaminant, but still be very permeable to it. Such charts are
useful when used with discretion and when the seriousness of the hazard is
properly evaluated. If a chemical is extremely toxic, then any activity involving it
should be re-evaluated.
EFFECTIVENESS OF PROTECTIVE MATERIALS AGAINST
CHEMICAL DEGRADATION (BY GENERIC CLASS)
Protective Material Butyl Polyvinyl Neoprene Natural
Chemical Class Rubber chloride Rubber
Alcohols E E E E
Aldehydes E-G G-F E-G E-F
Amines E-F G-F E-G G-F
Esters G-F P G F-P
Ethers G-F G E-G G-F
Fuels & Solvents F-P G-P E-G F-P
Halogenated Hydrocarbons G-P G-P G-F F-P
Hydrocarbons F-P F G-F F-P
Inorganic acids G-F E E-G F-P
Inorganic bases & salts E E E E
Ketones E P G-F G-F
Natural fats and Oils G-F G E-G G-F
Organic acids E E E E
E = Excellent; F= Fair; G = Good; P = Poor
Source: Survey of Personal Protective Clothing and Respiratory Apparatus. DOT,
USCG, Office of Research and Development (September 1974).
http://www.ehso.com/OSHA_PPEchart.htm
Penetrability
A chemical penetrates a protective garment because of its design and
construction imperfections, not because of the inherent material from which it is
made. Stitched seams, button holes, porous fabric, and zippers can provide an
avenue for the contaminant to penetrate the garment. A well designed and
constructed protective suit with self-sealing zippers and lapped seams made of a
nonporous degradation-resistant material prevents penetration, but as soon as
the suit is ripped or punctured it loses its ability to prevent penetration. A
material may also be easily penetrated once degraded.
Permeability
The ability of a protective material to resist permeation is an inherent property. A
contaminant in contact with the protective material establishes a concentration
gradient. The concentration is high on the contact surface and low inside.
Personal Protective Equipment RI DEM ERP 7B-1, p. 10
11. Because the tendency is to establish equilibrium, diffusion and other molecular
forces "drive" the contaminant into the material.
When the contaminant passes through the material to the inside surface,
it condenses there. The process of permeation continues as long as the
concentration remains greater at the contact surface. The permeation rate is
based on several factors. Rate is inversely proportional to the thickness of the
material and directly proportional to the concentration of the contaminant.
Permeability data are available from manufacturers and independent
testing laboratories. If there is a question about permeability of a material in
contact with a specific contaminant, a sample swatch of the material should be
tested by a recognized laboratory for permeability to that chemical.
The amount or degree of permeation is related to the exposure
conditions, especially contact time, which ultimately dictates how much of the
contaminant permeates the protective material. Thus a conscious effort should
be made to avoid prolonged exposure or contact with any hazardous
contaminant, even when wearing protective clothing. No material resists
permeation by all agents.
Decontamination
Once a contaminant contacts a protective material, the garment must be
decontaminated. With many materials, it is impossible to completely remove all
contamination. Materials such as butyl rubber and Viton, which can be
effectively decontaminated and cleaned, are also expensive. In some situations
disposable clothing may be advantageous.
Personal Protective Equipment RI DEM ERP 7B-1, p. 11