Power sharing is a technique where power is distributed between different levels and groups to prevent concentration of power in one place. It provides stability and reduces conflict. In Sri Lanka, after independence in 1948, a series of majoritarian policies established Sinhalese supremacy over Tamils, including making Sinhala the only official language. This caused distrust between Sinhalese and Tamil communities and led to demands for an independent Tamil state, resulting in a civil war that is still ongoing.