This document discusses power sharing in democracies using Belgium and Sri Lanka as case studies. It describes the ethnic and linguistic divisions in each country. In Sri Lanka, the Sinhalese majority imposed their language and culture on the Tamil minority, leading to civil war. Belgium adopted power sharing arrangements, distributing power across linguistic and regional divisions to accommodate diversity and avoid conflict. The document outlines various forms of power sharing like horizontal separation of powers, federalism, recognition of communities, and coalition governments.
Grade 10 Social Science - Political Science- ch- 1 -Power SharingNavya Rai
Grade 10 Social Science - Political Science- ch- 1 -Power Sharing
Power sharing is technique to share the power at different levels. It is an idea inculcated in democracy so that the power is not concentrated at one hand only and that different forms can keep a check on each other. India is an example of 'holding together' federations, where the power is shared between central government and different constituent states.
Chapter - 4, Gender Religion and Cast, Democratic Politics/Civics, Social Sci...Shivam Parmar
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 4, Gender Religion and Cast, Democratic Politics/Civics, Social Science, Class 10
INTRODUCTION
GENDER AND POLITICS
RELIGION, COMMUNALISM, AND POLITICS
CASTE AND POLITICS
SOCIAL AND RELIGIOUS DIVERSITY OF INDIA
CASTE INEQUALITY TODAY
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
Grade 10th Social Science Civics - Chapter . 2. FederalismNavya Rai
Grade 10th Social Science Civics - Chapter . 2. Federalism
Federalism is a system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and various constituent units of the country.
A federation has two levels of government. Both these levels of governments enjoy their power independent of the other.
One is the government for the entire country that is usually responsible for a few subjects of common national interest.
Governments at the level of provinces or states that look after much of the day-to-day administering of their state.
Political Science, Power Sharing, Class - 10AnjaliKaur3
In this PPT, I am discussing following topics:
Belgium and Sri Lanka
Majoritarianism in Sri Lanka
Accommodation in Sri Lanka
Why power sharing is Desirable
Forms of power sharing
Basic terms like civil war, prudential, moral
PowerPoint Presentation on the topic - 'Nationalism In Europe'. For Class - 10th.
Created By - 'Neha Rohtagi'
I hope that you will found this presentation useful and it will help you out for your concept understanding.
Thank You!
Grade 10 Social Science - Political Science- ch- 1 -Power SharingNavya Rai
Grade 10 Social Science - Political Science- ch- 1 -Power Sharing
Power sharing is technique to share the power at different levels. It is an idea inculcated in democracy so that the power is not concentrated at one hand only and that different forms can keep a check on each other. India is an example of 'holding together' federations, where the power is shared between central government and different constituent states.
Chapter - 4, Gender Religion and Cast, Democratic Politics/Civics, Social Sci...Shivam Parmar
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 4, Gender Religion and Cast, Democratic Politics/Civics, Social Science, Class 10
INTRODUCTION
GENDER AND POLITICS
RELIGION, COMMUNALISM, AND POLITICS
CASTE AND POLITICS
SOCIAL AND RELIGIOUS DIVERSITY OF INDIA
CASTE INEQUALITY TODAY
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
Grade 10th Social Science Civics - Chapter . 2. FederalismNavya Rai
Grade 10th Social Science Civics - Chapter . 2. Federalism
Federalism is a system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and various constituent units of the country.
A federation has two levels of government. Both these levels of governments enjoy their power independent of the other.
One is the government for the entire country that is usually responsible for a few subjects of common national interest.
Governments at the level of provinces or states that look after much of the day-to-day administering of their state.
Political Science, Power Sharing, Class - 10AnjaliKaur3
In this PPT, I am discussing following topics:
Belgium and Sri Lanka
Majoritarianism in Sri Lanka
Accommodation in Sri Lanka
Why power sharing is Desirable
Forms of power sharing
Basic terms like civil war, prudential, moral
PowerPoint Presentation on the topic - 'Nationalism In Europe'. For Class - 10th.
Created By - 'Neha Rohtagi'
I hope that you will found this presentation useful and it will help you out for your concept understanding.
Thank You!
this PPT is about class 10 political science's chapter Political parties and the material is entirely based on NCERT book ans has been edited for better understanding of students.
Class 10 Economics Chapter 2 Sectors of Indian Economy VJLEARNING
This document explains the Class 10 Economics Chapter 2 Sectors of Indian Economy
This is helpful for teachers also, especially during online classes. This document will help Teachers to teach their students. Students learn better when they experience the lessons visually, so students and teachers, please to see it
Hope you like it.
Development, chapter 1st
Class 10
CONTENT
• Development
• Goals of Development
• National Development
• Comparison of Countries
• Human development
• Measuring Development
• Sustainable Development
1. Power sharing in simple words is sharing of responsibility & powers among defend organ of government.
2. Power sharing is a strategy for resolving disputes over who should have the powerful position in the social hierarchy.
this PPT is about class 10 political science's chapter Political parties and the material is entirely based on NCERT book ans has been edited for better understanding of students.
Class 10 Economics Chapter 2 Sectors of Indian Economy VJLEARNING
This document explains the Class 10 Economics Chapter 2 Sectors of Indian Economy
This is helpful for teachers also, especially during online classes. This document will help Teachers to teach their students. Students learn better when they experience the lessons visually, so students and teachers, please to see it
Hope you like it.
Development, chapter 1st
Class 10
CONTENT
• Development
• Goals of Development
• National Development
• Comparison of Countries
• Human development
• Measuring Development
• Sustainable Development
1. Power sharing in simple words is sharing of responsibility & powers among defend organ of government.
2. Power sharing is a strategy for resolving disputes over who should have the powerful position in the social hierarchy.
Power-sharing Class 10 is a vital aspect of democratic governance. It refers to the distribution of power among different organs of government, levels of government, and social groups. This ensures that no single entity can control all aspects of governance, promoting stability and unity in a diverse society.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Hey Guys!!! I present you a presentation on 'Power Sharing Class 10' from the NCERT Democratic Politics book.
Hope you all like it!!
Don't forget to like!!
Democratic Politics Chapter I for grade 10 i hope it is going to be more interesting and easier for the students to learn and revise. I hope students of CBSE schools will benefit across the globe.
This a PDF or Power Point Presentation based on Ch 1 (Power Sharing) Political Science Class 10
-And This is a very useful slide to understand chapter very easily without any doughts
-And this is a very beautiful summary of given chapter
-This would definitely helped in the 10 board Exam.
CBSE class 10 political science chapter - 1 power sharing.
stories of Belgium and Sri Lanka, problems faced by them, how they recover by it, what they have did, how they have shared the power, why power sharing is desirable, forms of power sharing, conclusion of the both stories and what we had learned from them. some important terms.
Furthermore, may be she doesn’t have any idea of tropical countries where summer temperatures soar to around 45 degrees with equally sweltering humidity. These women should be made to walk the streets in such climate wearing wraparounds like mummies. Th
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
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Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
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A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
2. In a democracy all power does not rest with any one
organ of government.
Power sharing among legislature, executive and
judiciary is essential for democracy
Case studies of Belgium and Sri Lanka
We will understand power sharing in democracy
3. Belgium is a small country in Europe
smaller in area than the state of Haryana
borders with France, the Netherlands, Germany and
Luxembourg.
4. Belgium(3 regions)- 1)Flemish 2)Wallonia 3)Brussels.
1.Population =little over one crore
2.Ethnic composition is complex
3. 59 % population lives in the
Flemish region and speaks
Dutch language
4. 40 % people live in the
Wallonia region and speak
French.
5. 1% of the Belgians speak
German
6.In the capital city Brussels, 80%
per cent people speak French
while 20% are Dutch
speaking.
5. Minority French-speaking community was relatively
rich and powerful.
Resented by the Dutch-speaking community who got
the benefit of economic development and education
much later
Tensions between the Dutch-speaking and French-
speaking communities during the 1950s and 1960s.
Tension more acute in Brussels
Brussels had a different problem -Dutch-speaking
people were minority in Brussels but majority in the
country.
6. Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka is an island nation
Few kilometers off the southern coast of Tamil Nadu.
Two crore people
Sri Lanka has a diverse population.
Major social groups are the Sinhala-speakers(74%) and
the Tamil-speakers(18%)
Among Tamils- two subgroups-Tamils Natives of
country are called Sri lankan Tamils.
The rest, whose forefathers came from India as
plantation workers during colonial period, are called
‘Indian Tamils’.
7. 1.Sri Lankan Tamils are
concentrated in the north and
east of the country.
2.Most of the Sinhala speaking
people are Buddhists,
3.Most of the Tamils are Hindus
or Muslims.
4.7 per cent Christians, who are
both Tamil and Sinhala.
In both cases of Belgium and
Sri Lanka there is possibility
of majority imposing its will
on minority. Lets see what
happened
8. Majoritarianism in Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka emerged as an independent country in 1948
Sinhala community sought to secure dominance as
they were majority
Democratically elected government adopted a series of
MAJORITARIAN measures to establish Sinhala
supremacy
1956-act was passed recognizing Sinhala as the only
official language,(Tamil language was disregarded)
Governments followed preferential policies that
favoured Sinhala applicants for university positions
and government jobs.
New constitution stipulated that the state shall
protect and foster Buddhism.
9. Sri Lankan Tamils felt alienated.
They were denied Equal political rights, discriminated
against them in getting jobs and other opportunities,
ignored their interests.
Relations between the Sinhala and Tamil communities
strained over time.
They launched struggles for the recognition of Tamil as
an official language, for regional autonomy and
equality of opportunity in securing education and jobs.
Their demands were denied
By 1980s several political organizations were formed
demanding an independent Tamil Eelam (state) in
northern and eastern parts of Sri Lanka.
10. This conflict soon turned into a civil war
Thousands of people of both the communities have
been killed
Families were forced to leave the country as refugees
Many more lost their livelihoods.
Civil war has caused a terrible setback to the social,
cultural and economic life of the country.
It ended in 2009.
11. Accommodation in Belgium
Belgian leaders took a different path.
They recognized the existence of regional differences
and cultural diversities
Between 1970 and 1993, they amended their
constitution four times to enable everyone to live
together within the same country
It was a very innovative arrangement
12. Belgian model
Constitution prescribes that the number of Dutch and French-
speaking ministers shall be equal in the central government.
special laws require the support of majority of members from
each linguistic group.
No single community can make decisions alone.
Many powers of the central government have been given to
state governments of the two regions of the country.
state governments are not subordinate to the Central
Government
Brussels has a separate government in which both the
communities have equal representation
The French speaking people accepted equal representation in
Brussels because the Dutch-speaking community has
accepted equal representation in the Central Government.
13. Apart from Central and the State Government, there is
a third kind of government.
This ‘community government’ is elected by people
belonging to one language community – Dutch, French
and German-speaking – no matter where they live.
This government has the power regarding cultural,
educational and language-related issues.
Though Belgian model is complicated, it has helped to
avoid civic strife between the two major communities
When European Union was formed, Brussels was
chosen as its headquarters.
14. Why power sharing is desirable
Prudential reasons(stress that
power sharing will bring out
better outcomes)
Moral reasons (emphasize the
very act of power sharing as
valuable)
1. helps to reduce the possibility
of conflict between social groups
2. power sharing is a good way to
ensure the stability
of political order.
3.Imposing the will of majority
community undermines the
unity of the nation in long run
4.Tyranny of the majority is
oppressive , and ruins majority
too.
1.Power sharing is the very spirit
of democracy.
2. A democratic rule involves
sharing power with those
affected by its exercise, and who
have to live with its effects
3. People have a right to be
consulted on how they are
to be governed.
4. A legitimate government is one
where citizens, through
participation, acquire a stake
in the system.
15. Forms of power-sharing
Horizontal distribution of Power
Power is shared among different organs of
government
Power is shared among legislature, executive and
judiciary
none of the organs can exercise unlimited power.
balance of power among various institutions
Every organ keeps checks on other-balance of
power among various institutions
This arrangement is called a system of checks and
balances
16. Federal government.
Power can be shared among governments at different
levels
general government for the entire country and
governments at the regional level
India, we refer to it as the Central or Union Government
The governments at the provincial or regional level are
called state governments in India
constitution clearly lays down the powers of different
levels of government- called federal division of power.
powers involving higher and lower levels of government is
called vertical division of power.
17. Community government’
Power may also be shared among different social
groups such as the religious and linguistic groups
Community government’-in Belgium-good example
socially weaker sections and women are represented in
the legislatures and administration
Reserved constituencies’ in assemblies and the
parliament of our country
Done to give space in the government and
administration to diverse social groups who otherwise
are alienated
used to give minority communities a fair share in
power.
18. Coalition government
Power sharing arrangements can also be seen in the
political parties, pressure groups
competition among different parties.
Such competition ensures that power does not remain in
one hand.
In the long run, power is shared among different political
parties that represent different ideologies and social
groups.
Sometimes this kind of sharing can be direct, when two or
more parties form an alliance to contest elections.
If their alliance is elected, they form a coalition government
and thus share power
traders, businessmen, industrialists, farmers and industrial
workers--have a share in governmental power, either
through participation in governmental committees or
bringing influence on the decision-making process.