Side entry tank mixers By Engr Muhammad Shahbaz
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Side entry tank mixers are more efficient than top entry mixers for mixing the contents of large diameter tanks. They are ideal for use on tanks with floating roofs. Side entry mixers efficiently convert mechanical energy into fluid motion to mix contents. Their applications include controlling bottom sludge and water, maintaining product homogeneity, blending components, and aiding heat transfer. Key design parameters for side entry mixers include the required mixing power, impeller diameter, driver type, mixer orientation, and whether a fixed or swivel angle is needed.
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The document discusses an internship at an LPG bottling plant operated by Oil India Limited (OIL). It thanks the guides and training center for providing supervision and an opportunity to learn about the bottling of LPG cylinders. It also thanks managers and engineers for their direction and inputs during the study of mechanical units involved in LPG bottling operations.
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This experiment involves conducting a saponification reaction between sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and ethyl acetate (Et(Ac)) in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) to determine the effect of residence time on conversion. A calibration curve will be prepared to relate conductivity measurements to conversion values for the 0.1M NaOH and 0.1M Et(Ac) reaction. The objectives are to determine conversion, the reaction rate constant, and the effect of residence time on conversion.
Aspen HYSYS - Petroleum Assays and Oil Characterization (Slideshare)
This is course on Plant Simulation will show you how to setup hypothetical compounds, oil assays, blends, and petroleum characterization using the Oil Manager of Aspen HYSYS.
You will learn about:
Hypothetical Compounds (Hypos)
Estimation of hypo compound data
Models via Chemical Structure UNIFAC Component Builder
Basis conversion/cloning of existing components
Input of Petroleum Assay and Crude Oils
Typical Bulk Properties (Molar Weight, Density, Viscosity)
Distillation curves such as TBP (Total Boiling Point)
ASTM (D86, D1160, D86-D1160, D2887)
Chromatography
Light End
Oil Characterization
Using the Petroleum Assay Manager or the Oil Manager
Importing Assays: Existing Database
Creating Assays: Manually / Model
Cutting: Pseudocomponent generation
Blending of crude oils
Installing oils into Aspen HYSYS flowsheets
Getting Results (Plots, Graphs, Tables)
Property and Composition Tables
Distribution Plot (Off Gas, Light Short Run, Naphtha, Kerosene, Light Diesel, Heavy Diesel, Gasoil, Residue)
Oil Properties
Proper
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Viscosity, Density, Molecular Weight Curves
This is helpful for students, teachers, engineers and researchers in the area of R&D, specially those in the Oil and Gas or Petroleum Refining industry.
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Polymerization of gasoline
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Graphite Heat Exchangers
Graphite Heat Exchangers
0 INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE
1 SCOPE
2 FIELD OF APPLICATION
3 DEFINITIONS
4 TYPES OF GRAPHITE
4.1 Phenolic Resin Impregnation
4.2 Furane Resin Impregnation
4.3 PTFE Impregnation
4.4 Carbon Impregnation
5 TYPES OF EXCHANGER
5.1 Shell and Tube
5.2 Cubic Block Exchangers
5.3 Cylindrical Graphite Block Exchangers
6 LIMITATIONS ON USE
7 COSTS OF GRAPHITE EXCHANGERS
8 RATING OF GRAPHITE EXCHANGERS
8.1 Rating Cylindrical Block Exchangers
8.2 Rating Cubic Block Exchangers
9 MANUFACTURERS OF GRAPHITE EXCHANGERS
10 REFERENCES
FIGURES
1 SPLIT VIEW OF A CUBIC BLOCK HEAT EXCHANGER
2 TYPICAL BLOCK FROM A CYLINDRICAL GRAPHITE BLOCK HEAT EXCHANGER
3 GENERAL ARRANGEMENT OF A CYLINDRICAL BLOCK GRAPHITE HEAT EXCHANGER
4 APPROXIMATE COSTS FOR GRAPHITE HEAT
EXCHANGERS
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0 INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE
1 SCOPE
2 FIELD OF APPLICATION
3 DEFINITIONS
4 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF A DISTILLATION COLUMN
5 REGULATORY CONTROL
5.1 Composition Control
5.2 Mass Balance Control
5.3 Design of Feedback Control Systems
5.4 Pressure and Condensation Control
5.5 Reboiler Control
6 DISTURBANCE COMPENSATION
6.1 Feed-forward Control
6.2 Cascade Control
6.3 Internal Reflux Control
7 CONSTRAINT CONTROL
7.1 Override Controls
7.2 Flooding
7.3 Limiting Control
8 MORE ADVANCED TOPICS
8.1 Temperature Position Control
8.2 Inferential Measurement
8.1 Floating Pressure Control
8.2 Model Based Predictive Control
8.1 Control of Side-streams
8.2 Extractive/Azeotropic Systems
9 REFERENCES
TABLES
1 SYMPTOMS OF IMBALANCE AND THE REGULATORY VARIABLES
2 PRACTICAL LINKAGES BETWEEN CONTROL
(P, R, B, C) AND REGULATION VARIABLES
(h, r, d, b, c, v)
3 COMPOSITION REGULATION
4 COMPOSITION REGULATION - VERY SMALL FLOWS
Definition and selection of design temperature and pressure prg.gg.gen.0001
This document provides guidelines for determining the design temperature and pressure of equipment and piping for oil and chemical plants. It defines key terms like operating temperature, design temperature, minimum metal temperature, and design pressure. It outlines general criteria for setting design temperature, such as adding 30°C to the maximum operating temperature below 343°C. It also provides special considerations and guidelines for various equipment types. Minimum design metal temperature should be set to avoid material brittleness at low temperatures and pressures.
Selection of Internals for Distillation Columns
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0 INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE
1 SCOPE
2 FIELD OF APPLICATION
3 DEFINITIONS
4 GENERAL SELECTION CRITERIA
5 PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
5.1 Pressure Drop
5.2 Deep Vacuum
5.3 Hydraulic Capacity
5.4 Mass Transfer Efficiency
5.5 Turndown
5.6 Flow Regimes on Trays
5.7 Foaming
5.8 Two Liquid Phases
5.9 Scale Effects
5.10 Liquid Hold-up
5.11 Heat Transfer and Packed Columns
6 DISTILLATION TRAYS
6.1 Sieve Trays
6.2 Valve Trays
6.3 Dualflow Trays
6.4 Bubble Cap Trays
6.5 Baffle Trays
7 PACKINGS
7.1 Random Packings
7.2 Structured Packings
7.3 Grid Packings
8 EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS' PROPRIETARY
DEVICES
8.1 DisTech
8.2 Glitsch
8.3 Koch
8.4 Kuhni
8.5 Norton
8.6 Nutter
8.7 Sulzer
8.8 UOP
9 COLUMN REVAMP
TABLES
1 GENERAL SELECTION CRITERIA
FIGURES
1 DECISION TREE
1 EXAMPLES OF DISTILLATION TRAY TYPES
2 EXAMPLES OF PACKING TYPES
3 TWO-STAGE LIQUID DISTRIBUTOR
4 EFFECT OF HEAT TRANSFER ON LIQUID FILM STABILITY
5 DUALFLOW TRAYS
6 BUBBLE CAP DETAIL
7 BAFFLE TRAYS
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This document provides an overview of petrochemicals from the website ChemicalEngineeringGuy.com. It begins with definitions of petrochemicals and describes the petrochemical industry and various petrochemical products. It then covers petrochemical raw materials, groups by carbon number, processes, plants and facilities. The document aims to provide foundational knowledge about petrochemicals, including key terminology, production pathways, common intermediates and final products. It also references additional resources to learn more about specific topics in petrochemical engineering.
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原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(csu毕业证书)查尔斯特大学毕业证硕士学历】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
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this notes have been created
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pe book for y2sme .
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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Side entry tank mixers By Engr Muhammad Shahbaz
- 1. Prepare By: Muhammad Shahbaz Side Entry Tank Mixers
- 2. Side Entry Tank Mixers Side entry mixer is an efficient converter of Mechanical energy into fluid motion Side entry mixers are also more efficient than top entry mixers, and are significantly less expensive for larger diameter tanks Side Entry mixers are ideal for use on tanks with floating roofs where practical considerations preclude the use of top entry mixers
- 3. Applications of Side entry Mixers 1. Crude Oil Bottom Sludge &Water Pocket Control To control or prevent the accumulation of bottom sludge and water pockets (BS&W) High velocity circulation is necessary to scour completely the bottom of the tank by maintaining the heavy solids, water and corrosive salts in suspension
- 4. Applications of Side entry Mixers 2. Maintain Homogeneity To maintain homogeneity of refinery finished or intermediate products, or chemical This demands complete movement throughout the tank with top to bottom “turnover” as well as circulation round the tank, to ensure that the product at the top, middle and bottom remains uniform to specification. This may also sometimes apply to crude oil storage especially in refinery tanks feeding direct to the distillation units
- 5. Applications of Side entry Mixers 3. Blend To mix two or more different components to obtain a homogeneous blend in a specified time to specific requirements.
- 6. Applications of Side entry Mixers 4. Heat Transfer To aid heat transfer while heating or cooling, or to maintain temperature uniformity again complete fluid motion
- 7. Applications of Side entry Mixers 5. Combined Duties It is possible that one or more of the duties may apply to a particular application and the most critical duty must determine the selection of mixer. Generally, the most power demanding duty is blending.
- 8. Types of Side Entry Mixer 1. Fixed Angle It is used in blending applications, maintaining homogeneity, and aiding heat transfer. All these applications demand complete top to bottom turnover and for this purpose mixers are permanently installed at an angle of 10⁰ to the left of the tank axis.
- 9. Types of Side Entry Mixer 2. Swivel Angle Swivel Angle mixers incorporate a feature which allows the mixer angle of entry to be varied through 30° either side of the tank centerline in 10° increments and enables the entire tank floor to be directly scoured by the impeller flow stream. This is the only satisfactory solution to BS&W control in large tanks and ensures that the heavy solids, water and corrosive salts, which settle in areas least agitated by a permanently fixed mixer, are maintained in suspension. The mixer module is supported in two hinge bearings which ensure ease of manual angle changing.
- 10. Design Parameters Five variables are essential for side entry mixers design(According to plenty design criteria) i. Mixing Power ii. Impeller Diameter iii. Mixer Driver (Belt Driven, or Gear Driven) iv. Mixer Orientation v. Angle Type (Fixed Angle, or Swivel Angle)
- 11. Design Parameters 1. Mixing Power In general, all refinery Side Entry mixer applications require between 1.1 kW - 4.6kW per 1000 m3. In rare cases (low BS&W and low viscosity crude oils), it is possible to install less power. For each application, there is a minimum power (Pmin) below which a blend or homogeneity will never be achieved regardless of how long the mixer is operated. For product storage tanks, this value is generally 1.1 kW per 1000m3.
- 12. Design Parameters 2. Mixer Orientation & Angle Type In order to maximize flow regime within the tank, Plenty experience shows that all mixers selected should be contained with a 90 degree quadrant and approximately22 1/2 degrees apart. The positioning of the mixers on the tank depends upon the application. The main purpose of the mixers in this application is to ensure the developed jet flow is used to lift the BS&W into the body of the crude oil to maintain a relatively clean tank floor. The Swivel Angle mixers used can be varied to direct flow up to 30 degrees either side of the centerline of the tank, so that all areas of the tank are swept. It is particularly important to prevent sludge build-up or blockage around the tank outlet so the mixer group should be situated directly opposite the tank outlet.