This document summarizes steam and hydroelectric power plants. For steam power plants, fossil fuels are burned to produce high pressure steam that drives turbines connected to electric generators. Key factors in steam plant design are reliability, low capital costs, and small space requirements. Hydroelectric plants utilize the kinetic or potential energy of water to power turbines connected to generators. Dams are constructed to form reservoirs and penstocks channel high pressure water to drive the turbines. Important site selection factors for hydroelectric plants include available water sources, water storage capacity, water head, accessibility, and land type. Both steam and hydroelectric plants have advantages like reliable power generation but also disadvantages such as high maintenance costs or long construction times.

2. A seminar report on
BY
D.VENKATA SESHAIAH

3. Introduction of Steam Power plant
 The fact that thermal energy is the major source of
power generation itself shows the importance of thermal
power generation in India.
 In steam power plants, the heat of combustion of
fossil fuels (coal, oil or gas) is utilized by the boiler to raise
steam at high pressure and temperature
 The steam so produced is used in driving the steam
turbines or sometimes steam engines coupled to generators
and thus in generating electrical energy.

4. Lay out of steam power plant

5. Operation

6. Design of Steam power plant
 Reliability
 Minimum capital cost
 Less space is required in comparison with that for
hydroelectric plants.
Merits
 Fuel used in cheaper
 Minimum operating and maintenance
Demerits
 High maintenance and operating costs.
 Pollution of atmosphere due to fumes and residues from
pulverized fuels.

7. Introduction
 In hydro- electric plants energy of water is utilized
to move the turbines which in turn the electric generators.
 The energy of water utilized for power generation
may be kinetic or potential.
 First hydro- electric station was probably started in
America in 1882 and there after development took place
very rapidly.
 In India the first hydro-electric development of 4.5
MW capacity named as Sivasamudram scheme in Mysore
was commissioned in 1902.

8. Lay out of hydro- electric power plant

9. Working of hydro-electric power plant
 An artificial storage reservoir is formed by constructing a dam
across a river (or lake) and a pressure tunnel is taken off from the
reservoir to the valve house at the start of the penstock
 The valve house contains main sluice valves for controlling
water flow to the power station and automatic isolating valves for
cutting off water supply in case the penstock bursts.
 The water turbine converts hydraulic energy into mechanical
energy

11. Selection of site for a hydro- electric power plant:
 Availability of water
 Water storage
 Water head
 Accessibility of the site
 Distance from load centre
 Type of the land of site.

12. Advantages and disadvantages of hydro-electric plants
Advantages:
 No fuel charges
 An hydro electric plant is highly reliable
 Maintenance and operation charges are very
low
Disadvantages:
 The initial cost of the plant is very high
 It takes considerable long time for the
erection of such plants.

13. Conclusion:
 The modern society is so much dependent upon the
usefulness of electrical energy and it has become the part
and parcel of our life.
 Electricity generation and transmission progresses in
the country are very inefficient in comparison with those
of some advanced countries.

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