This document discusses various renewable power generation sources including wind, solar, biogas, ocean thermal, tidal, geothermal, and magnetohydrodynamic energy. For each source, it provides details on the basic working principles and components. The advantages of renewable sources are their clean, environmentally-friendly nature along with abundant availability. However, their disadvantages include unreliability, lower efficiency and high capital costs. Site selection factors are also outlined for different renewable technologies.

1. RENEWABLE POWER
GENERATION

2. Contents
Renewable Power Generation:
1. Wind,
2. Solar,
3. Biogas and Biomass,
4. Ocean Thermal energy conversion(OTEC),
5. Tidal energy,
6. Geothermal energy,
7. Magneto Hydro Dynamics (MHD)
Schematic arrangement, advantages and disadvantages.

3. Renewable Energy Sources
 Renewable energy is energy that is collected from renewable
resources, which are naturally replenished on a human
timescale, such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves,
and geothermal heat.
Advantages of Renewable energy sources:
 Clean, environment friendly
 Available in ample amount, non depleting
 Needs less maintenance
 Locally available, satisfy rural energy needs
 Increase energy Security
 Stable energy prices makes it more favorable to use
 Do not emit green house gases.

4. Disadvantages of Renewable
energy sources:
 Unreliable
 Lower efficiency
 Need large capital money
 Hamper electrical system stability

5. Wind Power Plant-
Schematic arrangement, advantages and
disadvantages.

7. Two types of winds.

20. Vertical Axis Machine

25. 2. SOLAR POWER PLANT
 Solar power generation works on the principle of
photovoltaic effect. A device called solar cell is used.
This solar cell is nothing but a semiconductor device
which converts the radiation energy of sun into
electrical energy by photovoltaic effect.
 Components of solar Power Plant
PV cell or Solar Cell
PV Modules
PV Array
Batteries
Inverter
Charge Controllers

28. PV cell or Solar Cell
 Solar cell is made from semiconductors, mainly
polycrystalline silicon, monocrystalline silicon and
amorphous cells.
 A solar cell is a semiconductor device which converts
the radiation energy into electrical energy by
photovoltaic effect.

29. PV Module
 Voltage generated by a single cell is low.
 So, large no. of cells are connected in series and
parallel connections to get the desired output.
 Good ventilation is needed behind the solar panel to
maintain the good efficiency at high temperature.

30. PV Array
 PV Array Produces dc output voltage
 This output be converted to ac by inverters.
 By connecting the modules in series we get more
voltage.
 PV Array is also called solar collector.

36.  Batteries
 Stores Power generated by Solar cell and supply energy
to electrical loads on demand
 Inverters
 They are of DC to AC converters.
 Inverters are of three types- Stand alone inverter,
synchronous inverters and multifunction inverter.
 Charge controller
 Regulates the voltage and current from solar cell
before stored in the battery.
 Protects the battery from discharging below the
minimum level or charging above maximum level. It
increase the battery level

37. Advantages of solar energy

38. Disadvantages of solar energy

39. What are the site selection criteria
for power plant?
 Continuous Solar radiation
 A availability of vacant land
 Distance from transmission line should be less
 Site should be plain or slightly tilted are better

43. Biomass and Bioenergy power plant

50. Thermochemical Conversion
 Gasification is the
partial oxidation of
biomass to produce a
synthesis gas (syngas),
consisting primarily of
CO, H2 and CH4
 Pyrolysis is the process of
chemically decomposing or
transforming a material into
one or more recoverable
substances by heating it to
very high temperatures in an
oxygen-free environment.

51. Biogas plants
 Biogas plants rely on anaerobic digestion, a fermentation
process in which waste is digested by microbes to produce
methane gas (biogas). The waste can be converted into
biofertiliser and spread directly onto fields, or the biogas
itself can be used interchangeably with natural gas as fuel.
 In the fermenter, heated to approx. 38-40 °C, the substrate
is decomposed by the micro organisms under exclusion of
light and oxygen. The final product of this fermentation
process is biogas with methane as the main ingredient.

53.  Advantages of biogas
power generation
 Plants can be located in
remote areas.
 Produces manure which
can be used as a fertilizer.
 Creates Jobs in rural areas.
 Household and bio waste
can be utilized.
 Simple in construction at
lower cost.
 Disadvantages
 Not feasible for large scale
power generation
 Efficiency is less
 Biogas has some impurities
causes corrosion
 Non suitable to everywhere
Places.

54. Site selection criteria for biogas
power generation
 Availability of fuel
 Load Centre
 Land availability and its cost
 Transport facility
 Geology and soil type
 Pollution
 Ash disposal facilities

69. Working of Geothermal Power Plant
Types of Geothermal Power Plant

73. Advantages of Geothermal Power Plant
Disadvantages of Geothermal Power Plant
Site selection criteria
The main factors determining influence on location of geothermal
power plants are: the temperature and the capacity of the source, the
depth of resources available and the degree of mineralization of water
sources as well as their efficiency.

79. •Ocean thermal energy conversion
(OTEC) is a process or technology for
producing energy by harnessing the
temperature differences (thermal
gradients) between ocean surface waters
and deep ocean waters.
•Energy from the sun heats the surface
water of the ocean. In tropical regions,
surface water can be much warmer than
deep water.
•This temperature difference can be used
to produce electricity and to desalinate
ocean water.
•Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion
(OTEC) systems use a temperature
difference (of at least 77° Fahrenheit) to
power a turbine to produce electricity.

88. Dr. Sushma Pardeshi Singh,
Assistant Professor,
Department of Basic Science& Humanities,
J.D. College of Engineering & Management,
Nagpur
Email- pardeshisushma@gmail.com