PLCC uses high voltage transmission lines to transmit speech, telemetry, and protection commands between substations in a cost effective and reliable way. Voice and data are modulated onto a carrier frequency between 40-500kHz which is injected into the power line via a coupling capacitor. Line traps are used to prevent the signal from entering substations while allowing power to pass through. The system provides an economic primary communications system for utilities over long distances without requiring separate telecommunication infrastructure.
A brief about 33kv Substation........
like and share.................
want some help in your ppt or in any project visit..
https://www.fiverr.com/dawachya
Presentation on 132/33 KVSubstation Training Sakshi Rastogi
This is a presentation based on the 132/33 KV substation. At which I have done my vocational Training. this presentation uncovers all the aspects related to the substation.
We had made a working model on static VAR compensator which is made by power electronic switch and mechanically switched. We had chosen mechanically switched capacitor method to improved receiving end voltage as well as power factor.
This directional over current relay employs the principle of actuation of the relay....It has a metallic disc free to rotate between the poles of two...
Power Line Carrier Communication (PLCC) is a communication method that uses electrical wiring to simultaneously carry both data and electric power. This makes power line communication one of the best means for networking. It is also known as power line carrier, power line digital subscriber line (PDSL), mains communication, power line telecommunications, or power line networking (PLN).
A brief about 33kv Substation........
like and share.................
want some help in your ppt or in any project visit..
https://www.fiverr.com/dawachya
Presentation on 132/33 KVSubstation Training Sakshi Rastogi
This is a presentation based on the 132/33 KV substation. At which I have done my vocational Training. this presentation uncovers all the aspects related to the substation.
We had made a working model on static VAR compensator which is made by power electronic switch and mechanically switched. We had chosen mechanically switched capacitor method to improved receiving end voltage as well as power factor.
This directional over current relay employs the principle of actuation of the relay....It has a metallic disc free to rotate between the poles of two...
Power Line Carrier Communication (PLCC) is a communication method that uses electrical wiring to simultaneously carry both data and electric power. This makes power line communication one of the best means for networking. It is also known as power line carrier, power line digital subscriber line (PDSL), mains communication, power line telecommunications, or power line networking (PLN).
PLCC: A promising futuristic technology!!!.. still in India we do not use it due to many reasons.... because PLCC, Power Line Carrier Communication, is an approach to utilize the existing power lines for the transmission of information.
Presentation on power line career communication by ramanand sagarRamanand Sagar
Dear friends,
This ppt is created by me on "power line career communication".
It would certainly helpful to you.
your sincerly
RAMANAND SAGR
emai- silverramanand@gmail.com
This paper deals with the design of filters and THD analysis of a low - frequency ac (20Hz) transmission system. The LFAC system is interfaced with the 50Hz main power grid with a cycloconverter. The wind power is collected in dc form,and is connected to the L FAC transmission line with a twelve pulse inverter. The waveforms at the sending end and receiving end of the transmission line are plotted.THD analysis of LFAC system is carried out. The circuit model of LFAC system is simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK.
Low frequency ac transmission for power systems by Aamir SaleemAamir Saleem
Voltage instability is one of the major issue in
HVAC power network operating at 50 Hz frequency due to
limited power transfer capability and distance limit. The stable
operation of power system must be kept within limits to
increase the efficiency of power transmission system. In this
research Low Frequency AC (LFAC) transmission system has
been proposed as a new power transmission technology to
reduce the losses of transmission network and controlling the
reactive power using Flexible AC transmission device. A
LFAC Transmission lines operates at 16.7Hz frequency for
transmission of power from source to load and use two
Frequency converters at source and load side. The normal
operation of power system depends on the reactive power
flowing through the power transmission lines, which can be
adjusted by a flexible AC transmission device; Static
synchronous compensator. LFAC transmission lines with
STATCOM controller improve the Power system voltage
stability under various disturbances and enhance the power
transmission capability as compare to HVAC transmission.
The simulations are done in Matlab Simulink 2017a .The
Output of Matlab Simulink model shows that voltage will
become Stable and reactive power is compensated for best
performance for power system.
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SVC PLUS Frequency Stabilizer Frequency and voltage support for dynamic grid...Power System Operation
SVC PLUS
Frequency Stabilizer
Frequency and voltage support for dynamic grid stability
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The Need for Enhanced Power System Modelling Techniques & Simulation Tools Power System Operation
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Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
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Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
2. PLCC Technology
PLCC system uses the same High Voltage transmission line connecting
two sub-stations for telecommunication purpose too.
PLCC is used in all power utilities as a primary communication service to
transmit speech, telemetry and protection tripping commands. This is
economic and reliable for inter grid message transfer as well as low bit
rate RTU signals.
The voice/data are mixed with radio frequency carrier (40-500kHz),
amplified to a level of 10-80W RF power and injected in to high voltage
power line using a suitable coupling capacitor. The power line as a rigid
long conductor parallel to ground, guides the carrier waves to travel along
the transmission line. Point to point communication takes place between
two SSB transceivers at both ends.
3. Power Line Carrier Communication System
Power Line
(50Hz)
C.C
RF carrier
(40-500kHz)
RTU
Transmission line
L.T
PLCC TERMINAL
(ABB-ETL41)
PAX
4. Coupling Scheme
Local substation
To remote
substation
Coupling
Capacitor
Line
Matching
Unit
PLC terminal
Coaxial
•Transformer(s)
•BusBar
Line Trap
The PLC
signal is
routed to
H.V Line
The PLC
signal is
not
absorbed
by the
substation
5. Components
PLCC Terminal = Translates Voice and data into High Frequency Carrier. Output
Power =10 to 80W
LMU = Line Matching Unit = For impedance matching between line and coaxial
cable, includes high voltage protection devices like drainage coil(20mH), lightening
arrestor(500V) and an earth switch.
Coupling Capacitor (C.C) = Couples high frequency carrier with Power Line (
4000 to10000pF)
Line Trap (L.T) = Do not allow the transmitted HF carrier to enter inside the sub-
station. (L = 0.5 to 2mH) With out Line trap HF carrier get by- passed to some
other line on the same bus bar and may leak to ground ( a earth switch inside the
yard provided for each bay is kept closed during maintenance)
6. Line Trap function = PLC signal Blocking
Substation
Line Trap = High Impedance for PLC signal
Low Impedance for Power energy
Power energy
PLC Signal
7. Line Trap is a parallel LC circuit
Inductance
of
main Coil
Lightning
Arrester
Series
resistance
Tuning
Capacitor
9. LMU function
LMU = impedance matching Transformer + high voltage Protection
To prevent dangerous potential on the PLCC connection
To match PLCC set & transmission Line
Matching + Protection
LMU
11. ABB PLCC terminal ETL- 41
System data -- complies to IEC 495
Operating mode : Single side band Suppressed carrier
Frequency range: 40 to 500kHz (programmable in 4 kHz
Steps)
AF Bandwidth: 4 kHz (Speech band=300 – 3400 Hz)
Transmitter RF output power : 40W ( +46 dBm)
Receiver Selectivity : 70dB ( 300Hz from band limit)
Receiver Image rejection > 80 dB
17. Typical PLCC Installation
MS = Master station
PAX = Private automatic exchange
PR = Protection relay
PC = Computer
M = Modem
ETLETL
LT
LT
FAX
FAX
PR PC MS PAX FAX
M
PR PC RTU FAX
M
PR= Protection relay
FAX = Facsimileequipment
M = Modem
RTU = Remote terminalunit
cc cc
18. Batteries
• PLCC work on rectified AC or main supply, when supply
goes off, we make use of a device for proper functioning of
PLCC called battery charger.
• This is the device that provide supply to the PLCC
equipment for uninterrupted working.
• It provide DC to the panel by battery.
19.
20. Advantages
No separate wires are needed for communication
purposes, as the power lines themselves carry power as
well as communication signals. Hence the cost is less.
Power lines have appreciably higher mechanical strength
compared with ordinary lines. They would normally remain
unaffected under the conditions, which might seriously
damage telephone lines.
Power lines usually provide the shortest route between
the power stations.
21. Advantages
Power lines have large cross-sectional area resulting in
very low resistance per unit length. Consequently carrier
signals suffer much less attenuation than when they travel
on telephone lines of equal lengths.
Power lines are well insulated to provide only negligible
leakage between conductors and ground even in adverse
weather conditions
Largest spacing between conductors reduces
capacitance, which results in smaller attenuation at high
frequencies. The large spacing also reduces the cross talk
to a considerable extent.
22. Disadvantages
Proper care has to be taken to guard carrier equipment
and persons using them against high voltages and
currents on the lines.
Noise introduced by power lines is far more than in case
of telephone lines. This is due to the noise generated by
discharge across insulators, switching processes.