Modernism emerged in the late 19th/early 20th century as an avant-garde movement that broke from tradition in various artistic fields like architecture, art, literature, and music. It arose as a reaction against established Victorian era artistic norms and was fueled by developments in science, technology, and the trauma of World War I. Modernist works are characterized by experimentation with form and a rejection of traditional rules through techniques like stream of consciousness writing, fragmentation, and the mixing of styles. Some seminal modernist authors include T.S. Eliot, James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, Franz Kafka, and William Faulkner. Postmodernism developed after World War II and further embraced disorder, fragmentation, and past

1. MODERNISM

2. What is
Modernism?

3. Before Modernism ?
Victorian Life
Sustaining of
faith

4. 1859 – Origin of
species
1900 – Interpretations
of Dreams
1910 – Principals of
Psychology

5. Reason for the break
• World War 1
• Technology and
science

6. Avant Garde – Military Term
“Make it New” – Ezra Pound
break of tradition ,
rules , etc.

7. Something
NEW
Architechture,
Art, Literature,
culture, Music,etc.

8. Art – cubism, Dadaism,
symbolism.

10. Music – Blues, Rock
and Roll, rock.

11. Literaure - Surrealism, Avant garde,
make it new, expressionism, stream
of consciousness, un conscious -
"The horror, the horror!", Gertrude
Stein – lost generation – city – jazz
age – imagism – ezra pound – blast –
free verse - Vorticist – imagism.

12. Characteristics :
Breaking rules – melting pot – revolution –
break tradition – make it new -
Breaking boundaries border – loss of faith
in govt and God , fragment – traditional
forms reworking , individual, intertextuality –
technical life . reject tradition, mourning for
fragment.

13. Modernist Writers
T.S Eliot – waste land – Alfred
pruf rock, hollow man –
James joice – Ulysses ,
Finnegan's wake multi-lingual
allusions
Virginia woolf -Mrs.Dalloway
"A Room of One's Own"

14. FRANZ KAFKA
The Metamorphosis
Surrealistic interior narrative,
WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS
"The Second Coming"
Marshal broust
Rememberance of thinngs past
WILLIAM FAULKNER
As I lay dying – 15 point of view same story
Sound and fury

15. POST
MODERNISM

16. Everything has
already been done

17. Embracing
disorder

18. World War II
“Modernity – an unfinished
Project” (1980) – Habermas
“The post modern Condition” –
Lyotard (1979) – Grand narratives
Jean Baudrillard – “Simulacra”

19. Fredric Jameson – Late
Capitalism
“ Cultural Logic of Late
Capitalism”

20. Paranoia,
Fragmentation,
Metafiction,
Intertextuality, Parady
and Pastiche,
Maximalism - minimalism
, Irony.

21. KURT VONNEGUT - Slaughterhouse-Five
JORGE LUIS BORGES - shorter format. Short story
writer. "The Library of Babel"
"death of postmodernism," Raymond Federman argued
that postmodernism had died with Beckett in 1989.
Thomas Pynchon, Don DeLillo, Zadie Smith, and Salman
Rushdie.
Don DeLillo's White Noise
Italo Calvino's If on a Winter's Night a Traveler
Thomas Pynchon, The Crying of Lot 49
Waiting for Godot – Beckett
Thomas Pynchon's 1973 novel Gravity's Rainbow

22. Linda Hutcheon coined
the term
"historiographic
metafiction
“Magical realism“