This document discusses postmodernism and its relationship to popular culture. It notes that postmodernism emerged in the late 20th century as a reaction to modernism. Postmodern authors reject objective truth and celebrate multiple meanings in works. It also rejects distinctions between high and low art forms. Postmodernism questions rationalist European philosophy and argues that cultural constructions serve to empower dominant social groups. Beginning in the 1980s, postmodernism emerged across various fields like art, architecture, literature, and fashion.

1. Name:- Pandya Riva m.
Roll no :-25
Paper:- 8
Topic :- Postmodernism and popular
culture

2. Postmodernism is a late 20th century
movement that is a reaction to the
worldwide view of the 16th mid 20th century
It is a movement away from more
especially it is a trend in contemporary
culture characterized by the problem of
objective truth and natural (suspicion).

3. Postmodern authors tend to reject outright
meaning in their novels, stories or poem
and instead highlight and celebrate the
possibility of multiple meanings or a
complete lack of meaning within a single
literary work.
Its also rejects the boundaries between
high and low forms of art and literature as
well as the distinction between difference
genres and form of writing .

4.  Post modernism question everything
rationalist European philosophy held to be
true , arguing that it is all contingent and that
most cultural construction served the function
of empowering members of a dominant social
group at the expense of others.
 Beginning in the mid 1980s ,post modernism
emerged in art, architecture ,literature,
society, fashion and other fields.

5. Modernist literature using new techniques
drawn from psychology experimented with
point of view ,time, space and stream of
consciousness writing.
Major figures of high modernism who
radically redefined poetry and fiction
included Virginia Woolf, James Joyce ,
Ezra pound , T.S.Eliot, Franz Kafka and
William Faulkner.

6.  Modernism deployed fragmented forms ,
discontinuous narratives and pastiche as in
Faulkner's the sound and the fury.
 Modernist novels sought to be metafictive or
self referential about their status as text their
production as art and their reception.
 Postmodern authors tend to depict the world
as having already undergone countless
disasters and being beyond redemption and
understanding.

7. In postmodernism we find three main
areas of capitalism,
Market
capitalism
Realism was the
predominant style
within 18th and 19th
century with its new
technology such as
the stream engine
that transformed
every day life.
Monopoly
capitalism
From late 19th
century trough world
war 2, modernism
ruled the arts within
monopoly capitalism
associated with
electricity and
internal combustion.
Consumer
capitalism
The third phase is
dominated by global
consumer capitalism
the emphasis placed
on advertising and
selling goods, now
called the
information age.

8.  Jean Francois argues that stability is maintained
through grand narratives or master narratives
stories a culture tells itself about its practices and
beliefs in order to keep going .
 Democracy will lead to universal human
happiness.
 But postmodernism Francois adds is characterized
by incredulity toward metanarratives .
 Postmodernism prefers mini narratives of local
events.

9. Jean Baudrillard describes the simulacra
of postmodern life which have taken the
place of real objects ,
 For e.g.:- Video game and music we
observe that virtual reality games add
another dimension to the artificiality of
postmodern life. “Artificiality turns into
reality.”
Perhaps postmodernism is best compared
to emergence of computer, technology.

10.  Popular culture is the entirety of ideas ,
perspectives attitudes means images and other
phenomena .
 There was a time before the 1960s when popular
culture was not studied by academics when it was
well just popular culture .
 But within American studies at first and then later
in many discipline , including semiotics, literary
criticism, history , women’s study, comic books,
television, film, music , and computer cyber
culture. They asses how such factors as ethnicity ,
race , gender, class ,age and sexuality are shaped
in popular culture.

11. Production Analysis:-
It asks some questions like,
Who owns the media?, Who
creates text and why?
Textual analysis:-
It examines how specific works
of this culture create meanings.
Audience analysis:-
It asks how different groups of
popular culture make similar or
different sense of the same text.
Historical analysis:-
It investigates how these other
three dimensions change over
time.
Popular culture

12.  If we discussed of
Frankenstein , sometimes
popular culture can so
overtake and repackage a
literary work that it is
impossible to read the
original text without
reference to the many layers
of popular culture that have
developed around it.
 The popular culture
reconstructions work like
Frankenstein can also open
it to unforeseen new
interpretation.